新概念英语第四册+Lesson+3+Matterhorn+man

新概念英语第四册Lesson3MatterhornmanLesson3Matterhornman马特霍恩山区人Whatwasthemainobjectiveofearlymountainclimbers?Modernalpiniststrytoclimbmountainsbyaroutewhichwillgivethemgoodsport,andthemoredifficultitis,themorehighlyitisregarded.Inthepioneeringdays,however,thiswasnotthecaseatall.Theearlyclimberswerelookingfortheeasiestwaytothetop,becausethesummitwastheprizetheysought,especiallyifitandneverbeenattained2before.Itistruethatduringtheirexplorationstheyoftenfaceddifficultiesanddangersofthemostperilous4nature,equippedinamannerwithwouldmakeamodernclimbershudder5atthethought,buttheydidnotgooutoftheirwaytocourtsuchexcitement.Theyhadasingleaim,asolitary6goal--thetop!Itishardforustorealizenowadayshowdifficultitwasforthepioneers.ExceptforoneortwoplacessuchasZermattandChamonix,whichhadrapidlybecomepopular,Alpine7villagetendedtobeimpoverished9settlementscutofffromcivilizationbythehighmountains.Suchinnsasthereweregenerallydirtyandflea-ridden;thefoodsimplylocalcheeseaccompaniedbybreadoftentwelvemonthsold,allwasheddownwithcoarsewine.Oftenavalleyboastednoinnatall,andclimbersfoundshelterwherevertheycould--sometimeswiththelocalpriest(whowasusuallyaspoorashisparishioners),sometimeswithshepherdsorcheese-makers.Invariablythebackgroundwasthesame:dirtandpoverty,andveryuncomfortable.Formenaccustomedtoeatingseven-coursedinnersandsleepingbetweenfinelinen11sheetsathome,thechangetotheAlpsmusthaveveryhardindeed.Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语Matterhornn.马特霍恩峰（阿尔卑斯山之一，在意大利和瑞士边境）alpinistn.登山运动员pioneerv.开辟，倡导；n.先锋，开辟者summitn.顶峰attain1v.到达perilousadj.危险的shudderv.不寒而栗courtv.追求solitaryadj.唯一的impoverish8v.使贫困Alpineadj.阿尔卑斯山的flea-riddenadj.布满跳蚤的coarseadj.粗劣的boastv.自恃有parishionern.教区居民shepherdn.牧羊人linenn.亚麻布床单theAlpsn.阿尔卑斯山脉课堂笔记Newwordsandexpressions生词短语1、alpinist(1.1)/'$lpinist/n．登山运动员词根：alp-climbermountaineerAlps(1.16)/$lps/n．阿尔卑斯山脉Alpine(1.9)/$lpain/adj．阿尔卑斯山的2、attain(1.4)/+'tein/v．到达togettotoarriveat/intoattainone’sgoal=realizeattainyouth永葆青春toattainthetop/peak/summit达到顶点attainment12(n)attainments13成就accomplishment143、perilous(1.5)/'peril3+s/adj．危险的peril（随时可能出现的）危险avalanche15雪崩4、shudder(1.5)/'M)d+/v．不寒而栗shudder:quickandsuddentremble:longandveryobvious5、gooutofone’sway专门bytheway顺路toomuchforme受不起6、court（multiplemeanings多义词）朝廷朝臣courtiercourteous16彬彬有礼的法庭娱乐场足球场soccer/footballcourt高尔夫球场golfcourt追求招致骄兵必败pridecourtsfailuresol-独solo独唱独奏7、solitary(1.6)/'s&lrt+ri/adj．唯一的solitude17孤独Iliveinsolitude.=Ilivealonelylife.8、pioneer(1.2)/?pai+'n+/v．开辟，倡导；n．先锋，开辟者9、impoverish(11.9-10)/$m'p&v+rM/v．使贫困poor（口语词）complete罗素名言：Agreatmanymanwillcheerfullyfaceinpoverishmentiftheycansecureruinfortheirrival,hencepresentleveloftaxation18.许多人会高兴的面对贫困，如果他们能使对手落魄，因此出现了现在的税收水平。10、coarse(1.12)/k&:s/adj．粗劣的coarsethroat嗓子哑sorethroatcoarsefare嗓子发炎粗粮refinedfair细粮coarseandrefinedinacoarsemanner粗暴无礼用法：以人作主语，夸耀；以物作主语，拥有11、boast(1.12)/b+ust/v．自恃有Heboastedthatofhisknowledge.Thecenterboastsateamofhighqualify(qualifiedresearchers.)12、parishioner(1.13)/p+riM+n+/n．教区居民13、shepherd(1.14)/'Mep+d/n．牧羊人14、linen(1.15)/'linin/n．亚麻布床单parish教区羊herd10兽群sheepshepNotesonthetext课文注释1、Route路线Road道路2、goodsports:stimulus19刺激thrilling震撼、兴奋3、regardregardsbwithsth(感情词love\hatred\horror\respect)Dad,Iregardyouwithhorror.爸爸，我很害怕你。4、pineeringdays,ancient(先人时期)5、notatall根本不case这回事6、bedoing表达当时的行动（状态）7、top:顶点summit山顶peak山顶Thesceneryisatthepeakofthemountain.无限风光在险峰。Iamatthetopoftheworld.我在世界之巅。Summitmeeting峰会8、attain到达conquer征服9、beofthemostperilousnaturenature特点、特性themostperilousdifficultiesanddangers学会beofthe+adj+noun结构Heisthekindestman.=Heisthemanofthekindestman.10、equipped表示当时的一种伴随。11、inamanner以这样的方式12、makesbdosth(省to结构)13、atthethought一想到，mention一提到,idea一想到这个结构后面加介词of原文即atthethoughtoftheirpoorequipment14、gooutofone’sway刻意intentionally20eyecatching21引人注目的15、thereallivingconditions真实生存状况16、nowadays插入语，现在回想起来，可在句首、句末17、exceptfor把其中的一部分扣除18、tendtobe倾向于19、settlement生存地、驻扎地20、cutoff=whicharecutoff21、flearidden跳蚤22、astheywere可以这么说，插入语还有asitwere23、local当地的24、wine低度酒alcohol酒精alcoholic22酒鬼25、boast拥有priest牧师shepherd牧羊人invariably=allthesame26、dirtandpoverty，andveryuncomfortable（结构不符合习惯，不可学）27、course一道菜28、musthavebeen表推测29、beaccustomedto,beusedto+名词、动名词IamusedtothelifeinBejing.IamusedtolivinginBejing.30、早餐：scratchameal中午餐：snack快餐晚餐：dinner31、thechangetoEducationbringsgreatchangetohisoutlook/viewonlife.教育使他的面貌（对生活的看法）产生了很大变化。1attain

vt.达到，获得，完成参考例句：Iusedthescientificmethodtoattainthisend.我用科学的方法来达到这一目的。Hispainstakingtoattainhisgoalinlifeispraiseworthy.他为实现人生目标所下的苦功是值得称赞的。2attained

（通常经过努力）实现(attain的过去式和过去分词)；达到；获得；达到（某年龄、水平、状况）参考例句：ShehasattainedthedegreeofMasterofArts.她已获得文学硕士学位。LuHsunattainedahighpositionintherepublicofletters.鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。3peril

n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物参考例句：Therefugeeswereinperilofdeathfromhunger.难民有饿死的危险。Theembankmentisingreatperil.河堤岌岌可危。4perilous

adj.危险的，冒险的参考例句：Thejourneythroughthejunglewasperilous.穿过丛林的旅行充满了危险。Wehavebeencarriedinsafetythroughaperilouscrisis.历经一连串危机，我们如今已安然无恙。5shudder

v.战粟，震动，剧烈地摇晃；n.战粟，抖动参考例句：Thesightofthecoffinsentashudderthroughhim.看到那副棺材，他浑身一阵战栗。Weallshudderatthethoughtofthedreadfuldirtyplace.我们一想到那可怕的肮脏地方就浑身战惊。6solitary

adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士参考例句：Iamratherfondofasolitarystrollinthecountry.我颇喜欢在乡间独自徜徉。Thecastlerisesinsolitarysplendouronthefringeofthedesert.这座城堡巍然耸立在沙漠的边际，显得十分壮美。7alpine

adj.高山的；n.高山植物参考例句：Alpineflowersareabundantthere.那里有很多高山地带的花。Itsmainattractionsarealpinelakesandwaterfalls.它以高山湖泊和瀑布群为主要特色。8impoverish

vt.使穷困，使贫困参考例句：Weneedtoreducetheburdenoftaxesthatimpoverishtheeconomy.我们需要减轻导致经济困顿的税收负荷。Americastillhasenoughcredibilitytoamoreprofitablepaththatwouldimpoverishitscreditorsslowly.美国尚有足够的信用来让其得以选择一条更加有利可图的路径使它的债权人们渐渐贫困枯竭。9impoverished

adj.穷困的，无力的，用尽了的v.使（某人）贫穷(impoverish的过去式和过去分词)；使（某物）贫瘠或恶化参考例句：theimpoverishedareasofthecity这个城市的贫民区Theywereimpoverishedbyaprolongedspellofunemployment.他们因长期失业而一贫如洗。10herd

n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起参考例句：Shedrovetheherdofcattlethroughthewilderness.她赶着牛群穿过荒野。Hehadnoopinionsofhisownbutsimplyfollowtheherd.他从无主见，只是人云亦云。11linen

n.亚麻布，亚麻线，亚麻制品；adj.亚麻布制的，亚麻的参考例句：Theworkerisstarchingthelinen.这名工人正在给亚麻布上浆。Finelinenandcottonfabricswereknownaswellaswool.精细的亚麻织品和棉织品像羊毛一样闻名遐迩。12attainment

n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣参考例句：Wecongratulatedheruponherattainmenttosogreatanage.我们祝贺她高寿。Theattainmentofthesuccessisnoteasy.成功的取得并不容易。13attainments

成就，造诣；获得(attainment的名词复数)；达到；造诣；成就参考例句：ayoungwomanofimpressiveeducationalattainments一位学业成就斐然的年轻女子Heisascholarofthehighestattainmentsinthisfield.他在这一领域是一位颇有造就的学者。14accomplishment

n.完成，成就，（pl.）造诣，技能参考例句：Theseriesofpaintingsisquiteanaccomplishment.这一系列的绘画真是了不起的成就。Moneywillbecrucialtotheaccomplishmentofourobjectives.要实现我们的目标，钱是至关重要的。15avalanche

n.雪崩，大量涌来参考例句：TheywerekilledbyanavalancheintheSwissAlps.他们在瑞士阿尔卑斯山的一次雪崩中罹难。Higherstillthesnowwasreadytoavalanche.在更高处积雪随时都会崩塌。16courteous

adj.彬彬有礼的，客气的参考例句：Althoughsheoftendisagreedwithme,shewasalwayscourteous.尽管她常常和我意见不一，但她总是很谦恭有礼。Hewasakindandcourteousman.他为人友善，而且彬彬有礼。L17solitude

n.孤独;独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方参考例句：Peopleneedachancetoreflectonspiritualmattersinsolitude.人们需要独处的机会来反思精神上的事情。Theysearchedforaplacewheretheycouldliveinsolitude.他们寻找一个可以过隐居生活的地方。18taxation

n.征税，税收，税金参考例句：Hemadeanumberofsimplificationsinthetaxationsystem.他在税制上作了一些简化。Theincreaseoftaxationisanimportantfiscalpolicy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。19stimulus

n.刺激，刺激物，促进因素，引起兴奋的事物参考例句：Regardeachfailureasastimulustofurtherefforts.把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。Lightisastimulustogrowthinplants.光是促进植物生长的一个因素。L20intentionally

ad.故意地，有意地参考例句：Ididn'tsayitintentionally.我是无心说的。T