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Unit
6
Earth
first
Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas1.
scared
adj.害怕的
*scare
v.使害怕;使恐惧
n.恐慌;恐惧
*scary
adj.恐怖的;吓人的(P62)People
have
always
been
scared
of
sharks,
but
Jaws
made
things
worse.人们一直害怕鲨鱼,但是《大白鲨》让情况变得更糟了。拓展(be)
scared
to
death
吓得要死scare
sb
away/off
把某人吓跑scare
sb
into
doing
sth
恐吓某人做某事佳句:The
scary
scene
scared
the
boy.
He
felt
scared
but
he
tried
to
hide
his
scare.
那可怕的场面把男孩吓坏了。他感到害怕,但他试图掩饰他的恐惧。Ⅰ.单句填空(1)Tony
___________(scare)
and
began
to
cry.was
scared(2)Fire
would
have
kept
them
warm
and
_______(scare)
wild
beasts
away
as
well.scared(3)Everyone
heard
a
car
whistling
by
and
was
scared
___
death.toⅡ.单句写作(4)Some
parents
try
to
___________________________________.有些父母试图用吓唬的办法使孩子们守规矩。scare
their
children
into
behaving
well(5)Rock
climbing
was
a
fun
thing
but
I___________________
at
the
start.攀岩是很有趣的一件事,但开始时我吓得要死。was
scared
to
death(6)She
____________________________
because
she
had
seen
crocodiles
there.她害怕去海滩,因为在那儿她见过鳄鱼。was
scared
to
go
to
the
beach2.
target
v.把……作为目标(P63)“Sharks
don't
target
humans,”
he
said.他说:“鲨鱼不以人类为目标。”拓展achieve
one's
target
达到目标aim
at
a
target
瞄准目标hit/set
a
target完成/设定目标target
sth
on/at...把某物对准……例句:Yes!
I
hit
the
target,
right
in
the
center!
太好了!我击中了靶子,正中靶心!融会应用
单句填空(1)Google
used
the
data
collected
from
users
_________(target)
advertising
better.to
target(2)We
should
set
___
target
and
try
to
achieve
it.a3.
fortunately
adv.幸运地
*fortunate
adj.
幸运的
*fortune
n.运气;命运;财富
*unfortunate
adj.不幸的
*unfortunately
adv.不幸地
*misfortune
n.厄运(P63)Fortunately,not
everyone
who
watched
the
film
Jaws
became
afraid
of
sharks—some
became
interested
in
understanding
them.幸运的是,并不是每个看过电影《大白鲨》的人都害怕鲨鱼——有些人对了解鲨鱼产生了兴趣。拓展fortunately
for
sb
对某人来说幸运的是be
fortunate
to
do
sth
有幸做某事make
a
fortune
发大财佳句It
was
fortunate
for
them
to
make
a
fortune
by
trading
with
foreigners.
And
more
fortunately
for
them,
they
were
supported
by
the
government.
他们很幸运,通过与外国人进行贸易发了财。更幸运的是,他们得到了政府的支持。单句填空(1)I
was
late,
but
__________(fortunate)
the
meeting
hadn't
started.fortunately(2)He
was
fortunate
________(have)
a
lovely
and
healthy
child.to
have(3)It
is
said
that
the
old
man
made
___
fortune
abroad
by
collecting
old
things.a(4)We
have
to
depend
on
our
original
plan
if
____________(fortunately)
this
one
doesn't
work
out.unfortunately(5)He
would
laugh
the
loudest
over
fun
and
be
the
saddest
over
anyone's
__________(fortune).misfortune4.
attitude
n.态度(P64)Complete
the
chart
showing
how
attitudes
towards
sharks
have
changed
with
words
and
expressions
from
the
passage.这张图表展示了(人们)对鲨鱼的态度是如何转变的,用本篇文章中的词汇将其补充完整。拓展attitude
to/towards...
对……的态度/看法have/take
a
positive/negative
attitude
to/towards...
对……持肯定/否定的态度take/adopt
a/an...attitude
采取……的态度in
a/an...attitude
以……的姿势佳句People
with
a
positive
attitude
towards
life
are
more
likely
to
succeed.
对生活持有积极态度的人更有可能成功。As
the
saying
goes,
attitude
determines
altitude.
俗话说,态度决定高度。单句填空(1)What
is
your
attitude
__________
senior
high
students
taking
up
a
part-time
job?towards/to(2)Beauty
is
____
attitude.
It
has
nothing
to
do
with
age.an(3)He
was
kneeling
by
his
bed
___
an
attitude
of
devotion.in5.
affect
vt.影响;对……有影响;侵袭;感动
*effect
n.影响;结果;效应
*effective
adj.有效果的(P65)We've
also
seen
droughts
and
floods
caused
by
these
changes,which
affect
the
water
supply
downstream.
我们也看到了这些变化引起的干旱和洪水,这影响了下游的供水。拓展be
affected
by
被……侵袭/感动have
an
effect
on/upon
对……有影响in
effect
实际上;在实施中;有效come
into
effect
生效;开始实施take
effect
起作用佳句It
is
said
that
humor
not
only
affects
patients'
mood,
but
also
helps
them
recover
faster.
据说幽默不仅影响病人的情绪,而且还有助于病人更快速地康复。Even
if
these
measures
are
not
effective
forever,
they
are
vital
at
present.
尽管这些措施不能永久有效,但是目前它们非常重要。单句写作(1)We
______________________
the
news
of
her
death.
她死亡的消息使我们非常伤感。were
deeply
affected
by(2)To
some
extent,the
measure
the
government
has
taken________________________
the
remote
villages.在某种程度上,政府采取的这项措施已经对那些偏远的山村产生了极大的影响。has
a
great
effect
on/upon(3)_________,he
didn't
like
the
new
film
at
all.
实际上,他根本不喜欢这部新电影。In
effect6.
due
to
由于;因为(P62)This
was
not
only
due
to
fear
of
sharks,
but
also
finning.
这不仅是因为人们对鲨鱼的恐惧,还因为割鳍。拓展be
due
to
do
sth
预期/预定要做某事be
due
to
sb
应支付/应给予/应归于某人be
due
for
sth
应得到某物佳句Due
to
the
wrong
route
they
took,
they
spent
more
time
than
expected
getting
to
the
destination.
由于选择了错误的路线,他们用了比预计多的时间到达目的地。Either
you
or
one
of
your
students
is
to
attend
the
meeting
that
is
due
tomorrow.
要么是你要么是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。点拨表示“因为;由于”的短语还有because
of、owing
to、thanks
to、as
a
result
of、as
a
consequence
of、on
account
of等。单句填空(1)The
meeting
is
due
________
(start)
until
three.to
start(2)I'm
due
____
a
pay
rise
soon.for(3)The
money
that
is
due
___
you
will
be
paid
before
the
end
of
the
month.to7.
cut
off
切断(P62)Finning
is
a
type
of
fishing
where
sharks
are
caught
and
their
fins
cut
off.割鳍是一种捕鱼方式,鲨鱼被捕获后,它们的鳍会被割掉。拓展cut
down
削减;砍伐cut
out
切去cut
up
切碎;剪碎cut
through
穿过;穿透cut
in突然插入;插嘴;超车抢道佳句The
town
was
cut
off
from
the
rest
of
the
world
due
to
heavy
snow.
因为大雪,这个镇子与外界隔绝了。Dad.
You
smoke
too
much.
You
should
try
to
cut
down.爸爸,你抽太多烟了。你应该尝试着少抽点。用cut的相关短语填空(1)Every
one
of
us
can
make
a
great
effort
to
__________
the
use
of
energy
in
our
country.cut
down(2)She
kept
__________
on
our
conversation,which
made
us
very
angry.cutting
in(3)________
the
carrots
before
you
put
them
into
the
pot.Cut
up(4)He
___________
the
park
and
got
there
in
time.cut
through8.
not
only...but
also...(P62)This
was
not
only
due
to
fear
of
sharks,
but
also
finning.
这不仅是因为人们对鲨鱼的恐惧,还因为割鳍。拓展句中not
only...but
also...表示“不仅……而且……”,是一个并列连词短语,侧重点在but
also上。(1)not
only...but
also...连接并列主语时,谓语动词应与but
also后的主语保持数的一致;(2)not
only放在句首,后接句子时要用倒装结构;(3)not
only...but
also...结构中,
but
also可以分开,also也可省略。单句填空(1)Franklin
_____________(consider)
not
only
an
inventor,
but
also
a
statesman
in
the
world.is
considered(2)Not
only
_____
(be)
the
teacher
himself
interested
in
football
but
all
his
students
had
an
interest
in
it.was9.
部分否定(P63)Fortunately,
not
everyone
who
watched
the
film
Jaws
became
afraid
of
sharks—some
became
interested
in
understanding
them.
幸运的是,并不是每个看过电影《大白鲨》的人都害怕鲨鱼——有些人对了解鲨鱼产生了兴趣。拓展句中not
everyone为部分否定。all、both、each、every、everybody、everything、always、completely、whole、entirely、altogether等与否定词not连用,构成部分否定,表示“不都;并非都”。全部否定用no
one、none、neither、nobody、nothing等。Not
all
the
people
in
America
like
beer.=All
the
people
in
America
don't
like
beer.并非所有的美国人都喜爱啤酒。单句写作(1)Money
is
______________.金钱不是一切。not
everything(2)_________________
with
your
computer.你的电脑没一点儿问题。Nothing
is
wrong(3)______________
has
paid
a
visit
to
the
small
town.他们中没有人参观过这个小镇。None
of
them拓展单词1.__________
adv.幸运地→_________
adj.幸运的→
___________
(反义词)
adj.不幸的fortunatelyfortunateunfortunate2.__________
n.灭绝;绝种→_______
adj.灭绝的;绝种的extinctionextinct3._______
v.
致力;献身;倾注→________
adj.
忠实的;有献身精神的→_________
n.
挚爱;奉献;忠诚devotedevoteddevotion4._________
v.建立;设立→_____________
n.
建立;确立;确定→___________
adj.
确立的;确定的establishestablishmentestablished即时检测5._______v.
减少;降低→_________
n.
减少;缩小;降低reducereduction6.__________n.允许;许可→_______n.执照;许可证
vt.允许permissionpermit7.__________
adj.
焦急的;担忧的→________
v.
关心
n.
关心→___________
adj.
让人不安的
prep.关于;涉及concernedconcernconcerning8.__________
v.促成;造成(某事发生)→___________
n.捐献;贡献contributecontribution即时检测Ⅰ.单句填空1.Both
of
us
fell
off
the
bike.
___________(fortunate),
neither
of
us
was
injured.Fortunately2.Already
over
400
of
the
total
of
6,800
languages
are
close
to
__________(extinct).extinction3.The
_____________(establish)
of
new
international
economic
order
is
the
essence
of
his
article.establishment即时检测4.There
are
__________(reduce)
for
children
sharing
a
room
with
two
adults.reductions5.It's
strange
that
he
should
have
taken
the
books
without
the
owner's
__________(permit).permission6.When
the
headmaster
spoke
out
his
plan,
the
________(major)
of
the
students
in
the
class
were
against
it.majority即时检测Ⅱ.选词填空due
to;come
across;have
an
effect
on;refer
to;cut
off1.When
you
____________new
words
you
don't
know,
you
can
look
them
up
in
the
dictionary.come
across2.It
is
suggested
that
the
work
___________
just
now
should
be
finished
at
once.referred
to3.The
water
supply
has
been
_______
for
several
days
in
the
city.cut
off4.Great
scientific
achievements
will
_________________
our
life
as
well
as
society.have
an
effect
on5.The
old
temple
was
rebuilt
_______
many
people's
donation.due
to即时检测1.due
___
由于;因为to2.take..._____
account
把……考虑进去into3.be
based
____以……为基础on4.be
covered
_____被……覆盖with5.____mistake错误地by即时检测6.be
scared
of
______________________害怕;对……感到恐惧7.the
number
of
____________……的数量8.cut
off
______________________________切掉;切(隔)断;剪下;阻隔9.come
across
________________________________(偶然)遇到;不期而遇;被理解10.rather
than
________而不是即时检测Ⅲ.单句写作1.Our
farm
_______________________
fruits
and
vegetables.
我们的农场为市场提供水果和蔬菜。supplies
the
market
with2.The
expenses
____________________
1,000
yuan
each
month.每月的费用已降到1000元。have
been
reduced
to3.She
only
________________________
TV
at
weekends.她只允许孩子们周末看电视。permits
children
to
watch4._______________
his
books
are
kept
upstairs.他大部分的书都放在楼上。The
majority
of5.When
my
old
friend
Brian
__________________
a
cigarette,it
was
more
than
I
could
bear.当我的老朋友Brian劝我抽烟时,我快忍不住(接受)了。urged
me
to
accept即时检测Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Since
the
film
Jaws
was
shown
in
1975,
people
have
always
been
1._
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