Unit+6+Earth+first+Starting+out+Understanding+ideas+高中英语外研版（2019）必修第二册

Unit

6

Earth

first

Starting

out

&

Understanding

ideas1.

scared

adj.害怕的

＊scare

v.使害怕；使恐惧

n.恐慌；恐惧

＊scary

adj.恐怖的；吓人的（P62）People

have

always

been

scared

of

sharks,

but

Jaws

made

things

worse.人们一直害怕鲨鱼，但是《大白鲨》让情况变得更糟了。拓展（be）

scared

to

death

吓得要死scare

sb

away/off

把某人吓跑scare

sb

into

doing

sth

恐吓某人做某事佳句：The

scary

scene

scared

the

boy.

He

felt

scared

but

he

tried

to

hide

his

scare.

那可怕的场面把男孩吓坏了。他感到害怕，但他试图掩饰他的恐惧。Ⅰ.单句填空（1）Tony

___________（scare）

and

began

to

cry.was

scared（2）Fire

would

have

kept

them

warm

and

_______（scare）

wild

beasts

away

as

well.scared（3）Everyone

heard

a

car

whistling

by

and

was

scared

___

death.toⅡ.单句写作（4）Some

parents

try

to

___________________________________.有些父母试图用吓唬的办法使孩子们守规矩。scare

their

children

into

behaving

well（5）Rock

climbing

was

a

fun

thing

but

I___________________

at

the

start.攀岩是很有趣的一件事，但开始时我吓得要死。was

scared

to

death（6）She

____________________________

because

she

had

seen

crocodiles

there.她害怕去海滩，因为在那儿她见过鳄鱼。was

scared

to

go

to

the

beach2.

target

v.把……作为目标（P63）“Sharks

don't

target

humans，”

he

said.他说：“鲨鱼不以人类为目标。”拓展achieve

one's

target

达到目标aim

at

a

target

瞄准目标hit/set

a

target完成/设定目标target

sth

on/at...把某物对准……例句：Yes!

I

hit

the

target,

right

in

the

center!

太好了！我击中了靶子，正中靶心！融会应用

单句填空（1）Google

used

the

data

collected

from

users

_________（target）

advertising

better.to

target（2）We

should

set

___

target

and

try

to

achieve

it.a3.

fortunately

adv.幸运地

＊fortunate

adj.

幸运的

＊fortune

n.运气；命运；财富

＊unfortunate

adj.不幸的

＊unfortunately

adv.不幸地

＊misfortune

n.厄运（P63）Fortunately，not

everyone

who

watched

the

film

Jaws

became

afraid

of

sharks—some

became

interested

in

understanding

them.幸运的是，并不是每个看过电影《大白鲨》的人都害怕鲨鱼——有些人对了解鲨鱼产生了兴趣。拓展fortunately

for

sb

对某人来说幸运的是be

fortunate

to

do

sth

有幸做某事make

a

fortune

发大财佳句It

was

fortunate

for

them

to

make

a

fortune

by

trading

with

foreigners.

And

more

fortunately

for

them,

they

were

supported

by

the

government.

他们很幸运，通过与外国人进行贸易发了财。更幸运的是，他们得到了政府的支持。单句填空（1）I

was

late,

but

__________（fortunate）

the

meeting

hadn't

started.fortunately（2）He

was

fortunate

________（have）

a

lovely

and

healthy

child.to

have（3）It

is

said

that

the

old

man

made

___

fortune

abroad

by

collecting

old

things.a（4）We

have

to

depend

on

our

original

plan

if

____________（fortunately）

this

one

doesn't

work

out.unfortunately（5）He

would

laugh

the

loudest

over

fun

and

be

the

saddest

over

anyone's

__________（fortune）.misfortune4.

attitude

n.态度（P64）Complete

the

chart

showing

how

attitudes

towards

sharks

have

changed

with

words

and

expressions

from

the

passage.这张图表展示了（人们）对鲨鱼的态度是如何转变的，用本篇文章中的词汇将其补充完整。拓展attitude

to/towards...

对……的态度/看法have/take

a

positive/negative

attitude

to/towards...

对……持肯定/否定的态度take/adopt

a/an...attitude

采取……的态度in

a/an...attitude

以……的姿势佳句People

with

a

positive

attitude

towards

life

are

more

likely

to

succeed.

对生活持有积极态度的人更有可能成功。As

the

saying

goes，

attitude

determines

altitude.

俗话说，态度决定高度。单句填空（1）What

is

your

attitude

__________

senior

high

students

taking

up

a

part-time

job?towards/to（2）Beauty

is

____

attitude.

It

has

nothing

to

do

with

age.an（3）He

was

kneeling

by

his

bed

___

an

attitude

of

devotion.in5.

affect

vt.影响；对……有影响；侵袭；感动

＊effect

n.影响；结果；效应

＊effective

adj.有效果的（P65）We've

also

seen

droughts

and

floods

caused

by

these

changes，which

affect

the

water

supply

downstream.

我们也看到了这些变化引起的干旱和洪水，这影响了下游的供水。拓展be

affected

by

被……侵袭/感动have

an

effect

on/upon

对……有影响in

effect

实际上；在实施中；有效come

into

effect

生效；开始实施take

effect

起作用佳句It

is

said

that

humor

not

only

affects

patients'

mood,

but

also

helps

them

recover

faster.

据说幽默不仅影响病人的情绪，而且还有助于病人更快速地康复。Even

if

these

measures

are

not

effective

forever,

they

are

vital

at

present.

尽管这些措施不能永久有效，但是目前它们非常重要。单句写作（1）We

______________________

the

news

of

her

death.

她死亡的消息使我们非常伤感。were

deeply

affected

by（2）To

some

extent，the

measure

the

government

has

taken________________________

the

remote

villages.在某种程度上，政府采取的这项措施已经对那些偏远的山村产生了极大的影响。has

a

great

effect

on/upon（3）_________，he

didn't

like

the

new

film

at

all.

实际上，他根本不喜欢这部新电影。In

effect6.

due

to

由于；因为（P62）This

was

not

only

due

to

fear

of

sharks,

but

also

finning.

这不仅是因为人们对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为割鳍。拓展be

due

to

do

sth

预期/预定要做某事be

due

to

sb

应支付/应给予/应归于某人be

due

for

sth

应得到某物佳句Due

to

the

wrong

route

they

took,

they

spent

more

time

than

expected

getting

to

the

destination.

由于选择了错误的路线，他们用了比预计多的时间到达目的地。Either

you

or

one

of

your

students

is

to

attend

the

meeting

that

is

due

tomorrow.

要么是你要么是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。点拨表示“因为；由于”的短语还有because

of、owing

to、thanks

to、as

a

result

of、as

a

consequence

of、on

account

of等。单句填空（1）The

meeting

is

due

________

（start）

until

three.to

start（2）I'm

due

____

a

pay

rise

soon.for（3）The

money

that

is

due

___

you

will

be

paid

before

the

end

of

the

month.to7.

cut

off

切断（P62）Finning

is

a

type

of

fishing

where

sharks

are

caught

and

their

fins

cut

off.割鳍是一种捕鱼方式，鲨鱼被捕获后，它们的鳍会被割掉。拓展cut

down

削减；砍伐cut

out

切去cut

up

切碎；剪碎cut

through

穿过；穿透cut

in突然插入；插嘴；超车抢道佳句The

town

was

cut

off

from

the

rest

of

the

world

due

to

heavy

snow.

因为大雪，这个镇子与外界隔绝了。Dad.

You

smoke

too

much.

You

should

try

to

cut

down.爸爸，你抽太多烟了。你应该尝试着少抽点。用cut的相关短语填空（1）Every

one

of

us

can

make

a

great

effort

to

__________

the

use

of

energy

in

our

country.cut

down（2）She

kept

__________

on

our

conversation，which

made

us

very

angry.cutting

in（3）________

the

carrots

before

you

put

them

into

the

pot.Cut

up（4）He

___________

the

park

and

got

there

in

time.cut

through8.

not

only...but

also...（P62）This

was

not

only

due

to

fear

of

sharks,

but

also

finning.

这不仅是因为人们对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为割鳍。拓展句中not

only...but

also...表示“不仅……而且……”,是一个并列连词短语,侧重点在but

also上。（1）not

only...but

also...连接并列主语时,谓语动词应与but

also后的主语保持数的一致；（2）not

only放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构；（3）not

only...but

also...结构中,

but

also可以分开，also也可省略。单句填空（1）Franklin

_____________（consider）

not

only

an

inventor,

but

also

a

statesman

in

the

world.is

considered（2）Not

only

_____

（be）

the

teacher

himself

interested

in

football

but

all

his

students

had

an

interest

in

it.was9.

部分否定（P63）Fortunately,

not

everyone

who

watched

the

film

Jaws

became

afraid

of

sharks—some

became

interested

in

understanding

them.

幸运的是,并不是每个看过电影《大白鲨》的人都害怕鲨鱼——有些人对了解鲨鱼产生了兴趣。拓展句中not

everyone为部分否定。all、both、each、every、everybody、everything、always、completely、whole、entirely、altogether等与否定词not连用,构成部分否定,表示“不都；并非都”。全部否定用no

one、none、neither、nobody、nothing等。Not

all

the

people

in

America

like

beer.=All

the

people

in

America

don't

like

beer.并非所有的美国人都喜爱啤酒。单句写作（1）Money

is

______________.金钱不是一切。not

everything（2）_________________

with

your

computer.你的电脑没一点儿问题。Nothing

is

wrong（3）______________

has

paid

a

visit

to

the

small

town.他们中没有人参观过这个小镇。None

of

them拓展单词1.__________

adv.幸运地→_________

adj.幸运的→

___________

（反义词）

adj.不幸的fortunatelyfortunateunfortunate2.__________

n.灭绝；绝种→_______

adj.灭绝的；绝种的extinctionextinct3._______

v.

致力；献身；倾注→________

adj.

忠实的；有献身精神的→_________

n.

挚爱；奉献；忠诚devotedevoteddevotion4._________

v.建立；设立→_____________

n.

建立；确立；确定→___________

adj.

确立的；确定的establishestablishmentestablished即时检测5._______v.

减少；降低→_________

n.

减少；缩小；降低reducereduction6.__________n.允许；许可→_______n.执照；许可证

vt.允许permissionpermit7.__________

adj.

焦急的；担忧的→________

v.

关心

n.

关心→___________

adj.

让人不安的

prep.关于；涉及concernedconcernconcerning8.__________

v.促成；造成（某事发生）→___________

n.捐献；贡献contributecontribution即时检测Ⅰ.单句填空1.Both

of

us

fell

off

the

bike.

___________（fortunate）,

neither

of

us

was

injured.Fortunately2.Already

over

400

of

the

total

of

6,800

languages

are

close

to

__________（extinct）.extinction3.The

_____________（establish）

of

new

international

economic

order

is

the

essence

of

his

article.establishment即时检测4.There

are

__________（reduce）

for

children

sharing

a

room

with

two

adults.reductions5.It's

strange

that

he

should

have

taken

the

books

without

the

owner's

__________（permit）.permission6.When

the

headmaster

spoke

out

his

plan,

the

________（major）

of

the

students

in

the

class

were

against

it.majority即时检测Ⅱ.选词填空due

to；come

across；have

an

effect

on；refer

to；cut

off1.When

you

____________new

words

you

don't

know,

you

can

look

them

up

in

the

dictionary.come

across2.It

is

suggested

that

the

work

___________

just

now

should

be

finished

at

once.referred

to3.The

water

supply

has

been

_______

for

several

days

in

the

city.cut

off4.Great

scientific

achievements

will

_________________

our

life

as

well

as

society.have

an

effect

on5.The

old

temple

was

rebuilt

_______

many

people's

donation.due

to即时检测1.due

___

由于；因为to2.take..._____

account

把……考虑进去into3.be

based

____以……为基础on4.be

covered

_____被……覆盖with5.____mistake错误地by即时检测6.be

scared

of

______________________害怕；对……感到恐惧7.the

number

of

____________……的数量8.cut

off

______________________________切掉；切（隔）断；剪下；阻隔9.come

across

________________________________（偶然）遇到；不期而遇；被理解10.rather

than

________而不是即时检测Ⅲ.单句写作1.Our

farm

_______________________

fruits

and

vegetables.

我们的农场为市场提供水果和蔬菜。supplies

the

market

with2.The

expenses

____________________

1,000

yuan

each

month.每月的费用已降到1000元。have

been

reduced

to3.She

only

________________________

TV

at

weekends.她只允许孩子们周末看电视。permits

children

to

watch4._______________

his

books

are

kept

upstairs.他大部分的书都放在楼上。The

majority

of5.When

my

old

friend

Brian

__________________

a

cigarette，it

was

more

than

I

could

bear.当我的老朋友Brian劝我抽烟时，我快忍不住（接受）了。urged

me

to

accept即时检测Ⅳ.课文语法填空

Since

the

film

Jaws

was

shown

in

1975,

people

have

always

been

1._