Unit+4+Stage+and+Screen+Using+language+词汇高一英语外研版（2019）必修第二册

Unit

4

Stage

and

screenUsing

language1.

grateful

adj.感激的；感谢的

＊gratefully

adv.感激地；感谢地

＊gratitude

n.感激之情；感谢（P41）Seeing

all

my

family

and

friends

in

the

audience

applaud

me，

I

felt

so

confident

and

grateful.

看到观众席上我所有的家人和朋友都为我鼓掌，我感到非常自信和感激。拓展be

grateful

to

sb

（for

sth）

（因某事）对某人很感激be

grateful

to

do

sth

很庆幸做某事佳句He

was

grateful

that

she

didn't

tell

his

parents

about

the

incident.

他感到庆幸的是她未将此事告诉他父母。We

would

be

grateful

for

any

information

you

could

give

us.

如果你能提供信息给我们，我们将感激不尽。辨析grateful与thankful的用法区别：（1）grateful表示感谢时，其对象比较具体，它主要用于人们在得到好处、恩惠、善待等情况下表达的感激之情。（2）thankful表示感谢时，其对象较为抽象，含有感谢上帝、运气、命运等意味，有类似于汉语的谢天谢地之意。它主要用于表示人们因避开了危险或结束了不愉快的经历等的宽慰心情。单句填空（1）I

am

extremely

grateful

___

all

the

teachers

for

their

help.to（2）She

would

be

________

（gratitude）

for

their

company

on

the

drive

back.grateful2.

overcome

v.（overcame，overcome）控制（感情）；克服（困难）（P41）But

thanks

to

the

support

of

my

teacher,

parents

and

friends,

I

overcame

my

fears,

knowing

that

I

did

the

best

I

could.但多亏了老师、父母和朋友的支持，我克服了恐惧，知道自己已经尽力了。拓展overcome

difficulties/shortcomings/weaknesses

克服困难/缺点/弱点overcome

prejudices

消除成见be

overcome

by

（烟、毒气等）熏倒；受不了be

overcome

by

hunger

因饥饿而软弱无力be

overcome

with

为……所压倒/制服be

overcome

with

fatigue

极度疲乏佳句He

struggled

to

overcome

his

shyness.

他努力克服自己的羞怯。We

can

surely

overcome

these

difficulties

so

long

as

we

are

closely

united.

只要我们紧密地团结在一起，我们一定能克服这些困难。Ⅰ.单句填空（1）He

has

enough

courage

____________（overcome）

the

difficulty，though

he

is

only

14

years

old.to

overcome（2）Her

parents

were

overcome

_____

grief

at

the

funeral.withⅡ.单句写作（3）In

addition,

students

need

to

train

together,

share

their

achievement

together

and

_____________________

together.此外，学生需要一起训练，一起分享成功，一起克服困难。overcome

the

hardship3.

absorbed

adj.专心致志的

＊absorb

v.吸引……的注意；使全神贯注；减轻（打击、碰击等的）作用（P41）As

soon

as

the

curtain

rose,

I

was

absorbed.幕布一升起,我就被吸引了。拓展be

absorbed

in=absorb

oneself

in

全神贯注于；专注于absorb/attract

one's

attention

吸引某人的注意力佳句With

the

children

making

so

much

noise

outside,

I

can't

get

absorbed

in

my

study.

孩子们在外面弄出了那么大的噪声，我不能专心于学习。Gas

bags

in

a

car

can

absorb

the

impact

of

the

crash.

汽车中的气囊可减轻撞车时的冲击力。点拨表示“专注于；专心于”的短语还有be

lost

in、focus/concentrate

on、fix/concentrate

one's

attention

on、be

buried

in、bury

oneself

in等。Ⅰ.单句填空（1）He

was

so

_________

（absorb）

in

thought

that

he

ran

against

a

passerby.absorbed（2）__________（absorb）

in

painting,

John

didn't

notice

evening

approaching.Absorbed（3）I

decided

to

concentrate

my

efforts

____

finding

a

good

job.onⅡ.一句多译（4）昨晚约翰沉浸在科幻小说中。→John

___________

the

science

fiction

last

night.→John

_____________

the

science

fiction

last

night.→John

________________

the

science

fiction

last

night.was

lost

inwas

buried

inwas

absorbed

in4.

appealing

adj.有吸引力的；有趣的；恳求的

＊appeal

v.呼吁；恳求；有感染力；有吸引力

n.呼吁；吸引力；申诉（P42）Leopards

are

such

appealing

creatures

and

the

cubs

are

adorable!

豹子是如此吸引人的动物,幼兽是如此可爱！拓展be

appealing

to

sb

对某人有吸引力an

appealing

expression/tone

恳求的表情/语气make/launch

an

appeal

（to

sb）

for

sth

为某事（向某人）发出呼吁appeal

to

sb

to

do

sth

呼吁某人做某事appeal

to

sb

for

help

向某人求助appeal

to

sb

对某人有吸引力appeal

against

上诉；申诉Ⅰ.单句填空（1）I

think

what

appeals

___

me

about

the

painting

is

the

colors

he

uses.to（2）He

made

an

appeal

___

other

leaders

to

donate

____

the

cause.toforⅡ.单句写作（3）It's

suggested

that

the

government

_________________（呼吁）thecitizens

to

save

water.（should）

appeal

to（4）The

police

______________________（向……呼吁）the

public

toremain

calm.made/launch

an

appeal

to（5）The

design

has

___________

（吸引）

all

ages

and

social

groups.appealed

to5.动词-ing形式作状语佳句：阅读下列句子,并注意黑体部分的用法。1.Newly-built

wooden

cottages

line

the

street,

turning

the

old

town

into

a

dreamland.2.Hearing

the

news,they

all

jumped

for

joy.3.He

hurried

home,

looking

behind

from

time

to

time

as

he

went.4.Having

finished

the

letter,

I

went

out

to

post

it.5.Having

been

shown

around

the

factory,

they

returned

to

school.6.Not

knowing

what

to

do

next,

she

stopped

to

wait.

提示：

通过观察以上句子,我们可以将动词-ing形式作状语的用法作如下总结：（1）动词-ing形式的一般式：动词-ing形式的一般式作状语时,与逻辑主语是______关系。动词-ing形式可以作结果、时间、原因、伴随或方式等状语。主谓（2）动词-ing形式的完成式：如果动词-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前,就要用动词-ing形式的完成式,即____________。此时的动词-ing形式一般在句中作时间或原因状语。having

done（3）动词-ing形式的否定式：为了表达动词-ing形式的否定意义,须在动词-ing形式的前面加not。点拔1

动词-ing形式作状语时其形式的选择形式内在含义doing与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生having

done与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生Reading

carefully,

he

found

something

he

hadn't

known

before.仔细阅读时，他发现了一些他以前不知道的东西。Having

finished

his

homework,

he

went

to

bed.完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。注意：动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，并且逻辑主语与构成分词的动词为主谓关系。点拔2

动词-ing形式作状语的语法功能1.作时间状语When

walking

down（=When

I

was

walking

down）

the

street,

I

came

across

David.

沿街散步时，我偶然遇到了大卫。When

chatting

with

her（=When

I

was

chatting

with

her）,

I

found

she

had

a

gift

for

art.

和她聊天时，我发现她有艺术天赋。2.作原因状语Respecting

his

father（=Because

he

respected

his

father）,

he

didn't

want

to

argue

with

his

father.

因为他尊重他的父亲，所以他不想和他父亲争论。Not

knowing

her

address（=As

I

don't

know

her

address）,

I

had

better

telephone

her

to

come

over.由于不知道她的地址，我最好还是打电话让她过来。3.作条件状语Working

hard（=If

you

work

hard）,

you'll

surely

succeed.如果你努力工作，你就一定会成功。Going

straight

down

the

road（=If

you

go

straight

down

the

road）,

you

will

find

the

canteen.

沿着这条路一直走，你就会找到食堂。4.作结果状语He

comes

home

very

late

every

evening,

making

his

wife

very

angry（=and

it

makes

his

wife

very

angry）.他每天晚上回家都很晚，这使他妻子很生气。5.作让步状语Knowing

where

I

live（=Though

he

knows

where

I

live）,

he

never

comes

to

see

me.尽管他知道我住哪儿，但他从不来看我。Having

tried

many

times（=Though

he

had

tried

many

times）,

he

still

couldn't

overcome

his

difficulties.尽管尝试了多次，他仍不能克服困难。6.动词-ing形式作方式或伴随状语Morris

lay

on

the

grass,

staring

at

the

sky

（=and

stared

at

the

sky）.莫里斯躺在草地上，望着天空。He

came

running

back

to

tell

me

the

news.他跑回来告诉我这个消息。提示：动词-ing形式作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句。动词-ing形式作伴随状语及结果状语时，可转化为并列谓语。点拔3

动词-ing形式作状语须注意的问题1.独立主格结构动词-ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件等。Weather

permitting,

we

will

go

out

for

an

outing.如果天气允许，我们会出去远足。The

girl

staring

at

him,

he

didn't

know

what

to

say.姑娘盯着他看，他不知道说什么好。2.评论性状语有些动词-ing形式作状语，其在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，用来修饰主句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，这种被称为评论性状语，如generally/strictly/frankly

speaking、judging

from、considering、supposing、providing等。Generally

speaking,

girls

are

more

interested

in

literature

than

boys.

一般来说，女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。Ⅰ.句型转换1.When

he

was

walking

along

the

street,

he

heard

his

name

called.→_______________________,

he

heard

his

name

called.Walking

along

the

street2.Because

she

hadn't

received

his

reply,

she

decided

to

write

a

second

letter.→___________________

his

reply,

she

decided

to

write

a

second

letter.Not

having

received即时检测3.His

parents

sat

in

the

sofa

and

they

were

watching

TV.→His

parents

sat

in

the

sofa,

_____________.watching

TV4.If

you

stand

on

the

top

of

the

hill,

you

will

see

the

whole

city.→_____________________________,

you

will

see

the

whole

city.Standing

on

the

top

of

the

hill5.The

teacher

went

out

of

the

office

and

left

me

alone

in

the

office.→The

teacher

went

out

of

the

office,

________________

in

the

office.leaving

me

aloneⅡ.根据汉语提示用动词-ing形式完成句子1.____________________（我正在大街上行走时），I

met

an

old

friend

of

mine.Walking

in

the

street2.________________（坦率地说），the

resources

in

the

world

are

very

limited.Frankly

speaking3.______________

（由于年龄太大），he

can't

calculate

the

result

quickly.Being

too

old4._______________

（如果开车太快），you

will

damage

the

car.Driving

too

fast5.The

missing

boy

was

last

seen

____________________

（在河边玩耍）.playing

near

the

river6.Our

maths

teacher

gave

a

further

explanation，______________________________________（使这个问题解决起来更容易）.