新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习小题天天必练阅读理解题型分类练五

阅读理解题型分类练(五)推理推断题——写作意图类A[2024·雅礼中学模拟试卷]Afewyearsago,whenIwascaringformyseriouslyillfather,Ilostmyvoice.Atfirst,IjustsoundedhoarsewhenIwashavingdifficultconversationsaboutDad'scondition.Butbeforelong,Icouldn'tevensay“Yesplease”toacupofteawithoutsoundinglikeanunusuallybreathlessMinnieMouse.Afterconsultinganear,noseandthroatspecialist,IwastoldthatIhadlostmyvoiceduetostress.We'reallfamiliarwiththemuscletighteningthatcomeswiththebody'snaturalresponsetostress.Themusclesinandaroundthevoiceboxarenoexception,andalongperiodofstresscanleadtolastingdamagetothevocalcords(声带).Perhapsthemostobviousthingyoucandotoprotectyourvoiceistogiveitarest.Thatdoesn'tmeanyouhavetokeepsilent.Justtrytoavoidplaces,suchasnoisybarsandrestaurants,whereyouhavetospeakuporshouttobeheard,andmoveclosertopeoplesoyoucantalkinyournormalvoice.Whilesomeoftheadviceseemslikecommonsense,thereareafewsurprises.It'simportanttoresisttheurgetocoughorclearyourthroatbeforeattemptingtospeak,forexample.Coughingpushesthevocalcordstogetherwithforce,whichcanincreasetheriskoflosingyourvoice.Instead,expertssuggesttakingafewbigyawns,makingsuretobreathedeeplyfromthebottomofyourlungs.Yawninghelpscreatemorespaceinyourthroatandrelaxesthemuscles.Whisperingmayseemtheobviouswaytocommunicatewhenyourvoiceisfailing,butformostofus,itcausesmoreproblems.It'sfarbetter,theresearchersadvisetoaimtospeaksoftlyinyournormalvoice.Interestingly,aUniversityofMissouristudyfoundthatintroverts(内向者)aremorelikelytosufferfromspeech­relatedstressreactions,whichaffecttheirvocalcontrol.Simplytakingadeepbreathbeforeyouspeakcangoalongwaytowardscalmingthenerves,saysstudyleadauthorProfessorMariaDietrich.InmycaseseekingmoresupportwithDad'scarehelpedmesoundmorelikemyselfandlesslikeMinniewithinweeks.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hoarse”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．Unabletospeak.B．Unabletoexpressoneself.C．(Sounding)sweetandsmooth.D．(Sounding)roughandunpleasant.2．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tointroducethetopic.B．Tomakethearticleinteresting.C．Tosharetheauthor'spersonalexperience.D．Toofferevidencefortheauthor'sargument.3．Accordingtothetext,whatisagoodwaytoprotectyourvocalcords?A．Whisperinginanoisyenvironment.B．Avoidingbigyawnsbeforespeaking.C．Shorteningthedistancefromothers.D．Coughingsoftlytomakeyourvoiceclear.4．Whyisitmorelikelyforintrovertstohavevocalcordproblems?A．Theyhavedifficultyinvocalcontrol.B．Theyalwayswhisper,whichmaycausemoreproblems.C．Theyareprobablyundermorepressurewhenspeaking.D．Theyalwaysforgettotakeadeepbreathbeforetalking.B[2024·辽宁省重点中学二模]Wildanimalsarehuman'sfriends,animportantpartofthenaturalecosystem,andvaluablenaturalresourcesendowed(赐予)bynature.Indianelephants,asubspeciesofAsianelephants,havebeenconsideredendangeredsince1986.Thereareonlyanestimated20，000to25，000Indianelephantsleftinthewild,andtheglobalpopulationisbelievedtobedecreasing.HabitatlossiswidelyconsideredadirectthreattoIndianelephants.RecenteconomicgrowthandsubsequentincreaseddevelopmentinAsiaarethemaincausesofthishabitatloss.Fromexpandinghumansettlementsandminingtoconvertinglandtoplantationsandinfrastructure(基础建设),manyactivitiescanblockmigratoryelephantroutesanddrivethemintosmallersub­populations.Whenanimalsareforcedintosmallerpocketsofpopulations,theyrisklosinggeneticdiversityandhaveahigherchanceofdyingfromdiseaseandnaturaldisasters.InIndia,elephantshavefaceda70%populationdeclineoverthelast60years.Whenaccountingforclimatechangeprojections,scientistspredictthattheelephantpopulationinthecountrycouldloseover40%ofitshabitatby2070.Aselephantslosetheirhabitatstohumansettlementsanddevelopment,interactionsbetweenhumansandelephantsalsorise.Elephantpopulations,especiallythoselivingoutsideofprotectedareas,wanderintoagriculturallandsinsearchoffoodandcausecroporpropertyloss.Evenworse,theseimpactsmaycausefarmersandresidentstoretaliateagainsttheelephantsiftheybelievetheirassetsareindanger.Poisonorotherdeadlymethodshavebeenused.AlthoughcountrieslikeIndia,Vietnam,andMyanmarhavecompletelybannedthecaptureofwildelephantsforanypurpose,illegalhuntingstillhappensinthoseandothernationswhereIndianelephantslive.CountriesaroundtheworldaretakingactiontoprotectIndianelephants.InpartsofMyanmar,teamsofrangersworktoprotectandco­managewildelephantpopulationswiththeWildlifeConservationSociety.TheyusetheSpatialMonitoringandReportingTool(SMART),ageographicinformationsystems­basedsoftwaretosystematicallycollect,manage,analyze,andreportdatacollectedfromforests.WithSMART,parkmanagerscandeployrangersstrategicallyinhotpotsforillegalhuntingorotherillegalactivities,manageefforts,andorganizeresources.5．WhatistheimmediatecauseofthedeclineofIndianelephant'snumber?A．Thegrowthofeconomy.B．Thelossoftheirhabitat.C．Thechangeoftheclimate.D．Theincreaseofillegalhunting.6．WhatdothefiguresinParagraph4show?A．Themainchangeofecosystem.B．ThemainfeaturesofIndianelephants.C．TheproblemscausedbyIndianelephants.D．TheseverityofIndianelephants'situation.7．HowdoestheSMARTwork?A．Bycompletelypreventinghunting.B．Bycollectingandreportingdatacollectedfromforests.C.ByfoundingtheWildlifeConservationSociety.D．Bycountingthepopulationofwildlife.8.What'sthepurposeofthistext?A．ToadvertiseforIndianelephants.B．ToattracttouriststowatchIndianelephants.C．ToappealtopeopletoprotectIndianelephants.D．TointroduceSpatialMonitoringandReportingTool.C[2024·台州市高三质量评估]Whydowechoosetohelponeanother?Therearemanyreasons.Youmaybeaselflesspersonorlendingahandmaybeaculturalexpectation.Now,researchersareraisingthepossibilitythatgoodsleepmaybeawonderfulingredientthatpromotesthealacritytoofferhelpbetweenhumanbeings.Indeedthebettersleepyouhave,themorewillingyouwillbetolendahand.Andasurprisingnewsetofresearchstudieshavefoundthatsleeplossmayaffectourgenerosityatdifferentlevels.ResearchersatUniversityofCalifornia,Berkley,ledthreesmallstudiestoexploregenerosity.Inonestudy,theyexposedagroupofhealthyadultstoanightof8hoursofsleepandanightwithnosleep.Researchersscannedtheparticipants'brainsaftereachnight.Afterasleeplessnight,areasofthebraininvolvedinempathyandhelpingbehaviorwerelessactive.Infact,whenthestudyparticipantsweresleeplessatnight,78%ofthemdemonstratedareductioninthedesiretohelpothers.Inthenextstudy,researcherstracked136peoplethroughonlinequestionnairesandsleepdiariesforafewdays.Theywantedtoseeifnightlyvariationsinsleepaffectedtheirdesiretohelpothers.Theyfoundthat,whensleepqualityworsenedfromonenighttothenext,therewasamajordecreasein“helpingchoices”andviceversa.Thethirdstudylookedathowsleeplossaffectedgenerosityonalargerscale.Theresearchersanalyzeddatafromover3millioncharitabledonationsmadeintheU．S..TheyfocusedondonationsduringthetransitiontoDaylightSavingTime(DST)inspringeachyear.Duringthespringtimechange,weloseanhourofsleep.Interestingly,researchersfounda10%dropindonationsinregionsthatchangetheirclocks.Thisdropwasn'tseeninregionsthatdidn'tobservethetimechange.Itshowedthatinsufficientsleeptriggeredbythetimechangeimpacteddonationbehavior.Alltheseresultssuggestthatinsufficientsleepmakesuslesscompassionateandhelpful.Throughouttheworld,morethanhalfofadultsdon'tgetenoughsleepduringtheworkweek,butweshouldallstartvaluingadequatesleepratherthantreatingitlikesomethingoptionalorunproductive.Ifso,itwillenableustobemorehelpfulandtobethebestversionsofourselves.9．What'sthewritingpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tostartaheateddiscussion.B．Tointroducethetopicofthetext.C．Topresentasocialphenomenon.D．Toshowtheauthor'sconclusion.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“alacrity”meaninthesecondparagraph?A．Understanding.B．Ability.C．Awareness.D．Eagerness.11．Whatcanweinferfromthethreestudies?A．PeopleobservingDSTarelikelytodonateless.B．Peoplechangetheirclockstohavemoreempathy.C．Sleepqualitydeterminesthedesiretogiveahand.D．Sleeplosscanseverelyaffecthelpingbehavior.12．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．SleepTriggersBehaviorB．AdequateSleep:AHealthyPersonC．SleepInfluencesGenerosityD．SoundSleep:AProductivePerson[答题区]题号123456789101112答案

阅读理解题型分类练(五)A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过一次失声的阅历，讲解并描述如何疼惜嗓子。1．答案与解析：D词义揣测题。依据画线词前面一句中的“...Ilostmyvoice.”以及下文的“...soundinglikeanunusuallybreathlessMinnieMouse.”可推断，作者的声音变得嘶哑难听。故选D。2．答案与解析：A推理推断题。文章主要讲解并描述了疼惜嗓子的方法。作者用自己的一段亲身阅历开头，目的是为了引出文章的主体部分。故选A。3．答案与解析：C微小环节理解题。依据其次段中的“...andmoveclosertopeoplesoyoucantalkinyournormalvoice.”可知，可以通过缩短与谈话人的距离来降低说话的音量，从而达到疼惜嗓子的目的。故选C。4．答案与解析：C微小环节理解题。依据倒数其次段中的“...introverts(内向者)aremorelikelytosufferfromspeech­relatedstressreactions,whichaffecttheirvocalcontrol.”可知，内向者跟人闲聊时内心压力更大，声带受压力影响，更简洁损坏。故选C。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍印度象面临灭亡，各国正在主动实行措施疼惜印度象。5．答案与解析：B微小环节理解题。依据第三段第一句“HabitatlossiswidelyconsideredadirectthreattoIndianelephants.”可知，印度象数量下降的干脆缘由是它们栖息地的丢失。故选B。6．答案与解析：D推理推断题。依据第四段“InIndia,elephantshavefaceda70%populationdeclineoverthelast60years.Whenaccountingforclimatechangeprojections,scientistspredictthattheelephantpopulationinthecountrycouldloseover40%ofitshabitatby2070.”可推断，作者用数据表明印度象境况艰难。7．答案与解析：B微小环节理解题。依据最终一段第三句“TheyusetheSpatialMonitoringandReportingTool(SMART),ageographicinformationsystems­basedsoftwaretosystematicallycollect,manage,analyze,andreportdatacollectedfromforests.”可知，SMART是一种软件，是通过收集和报告从森林收集的数据来工作的。8．答案与解析：C推理推断题。依据最终一段第一句“CountriesaroundtheworldaretakingactiontoprotectIndianelephants.”及全文可知，作者写这篇文章是为了呼吁大家疼惜印度象。C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲解并描述了睡眠与人们帮助他人的行为有关。事实上，你睡得越好，你就越情愿伸出援手。9．答案与解析