人教版高中英语必修五第2讲：Unit1-Great-scientists-语法篇(教师版)

Unit1Greatscientists语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________理解过去分词做定语和表语的语法功能；了解现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别；能够正确使用过去分词作定语，学会作相关题目；过去分词做定语和表语1.过去分词作定语1)语法功能过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。被修饰的词是分词所表示的行为的承受者；在逻辑上，它们是动宾关系。ThestolenbikebelongstoJack.ThebikewhichwasstolenbelongstoJack.ThelecturegivenbyProfessorZhangisaboutenvironmentprotection.ThelecturewhichwasgivenbyProfessorZhangisabouttheenvironmentprotection.单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面theaffectedpeople受感染的人abrokenheart一颗破碎的心alostdog丧家之犬abrokenglass被打破的玻璃杯Attention：过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody,those等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。Is

there

anything

unsolved?

There

is

noting

changed

here

since

I

left

this

town.过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。peopleexposedtocholera=peoplewhowasexposedtocholerathebookrecommendedbyJack=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbyJackthemachinesproducedlastyear=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyearc.不及物动词的过去分词作定语时不表被动，只表完成。arisensun已升起的太阳thegonedays逝去的时光fallenleaves落叶现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别：现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的动作；过去分词作定语，所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，(或者没有一定的时间性)。Theletterpostedyesterdaywillsoonreachhim.Haveyoureadthebookrecommendedbyyourteacher?这是你老师推荐的书吗？对比：①thechangingworld（正在变化的）thechangedworld（变化了的）②boilingwater（正在沸腾的）boiledwater（已经沸腾过的）③fadingflowers(正在凋谢的)fadedflowers（已经凋谢的）④adevelopingcountry(发展中的)adevelopedcountry（发达的）⑤adrowningman快要淹死的人adrownedman已经淹死的人⑥fallingleaves正在飘落的树叶fallenleaves落叶⑦aretiredworker退休工人anescapedprisoner逃犯3）及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式(beingdone)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作。如：theproblemdiscussedyesterday;theproblembeingdiscussed2.过去分词做表语1)过去分词（短语）作表语时,其作用相当于adj.,说明的是主语的状态。如：①Allthewindowsarebroken.②Allhopeisgone.③Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.常见作表语的过去分词有：disappointed,drunk,amused,frightened,married,excited,experienced,interested,confused,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,worried,gone,dressed,lost等。注意:过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意思明显不同，前者说明主语的特点及所处的状态，而后者强调被动的动作。如：①Myglassesarebroken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)②Myglasseswerebrokenbymyson.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。（动作）1.—WherearethepapersfortheSmithproject?—Theyareinthefolder________“S”．（2014.北京西城区二模）A.marking B.marked C.tobemarked D.tomark解析：句意为：——史密斯工程需要用到的那些文件放到哪里了？——它们被放在标有“S”标记的文件夹里。folder和mark之间是动宾关系，所以要用过去分词形式marked。故答案选B。答案：B2.________thepolicethoughthewasthemostlikelyone,sincetheyhadnoexactproofaboutit,theycouldnotarresthim.A.Although B.Aslongas C.Ifonly D.Assoonas解析：句意为：尽管警察认为他最有可能，但是由于没有确切的证据，他们不能逮捕他。although“虽然，尽管”，符合题意。aslongas“只要”，ifonly“要是……就好了”；assoonas“一……就……”。答案：A3.Seeingtheirsonplayingcomputergamesallday，theparentsdon’tknow________it.A.howtodoB.whattodo C.howtodealwithD.howtodowith解析：句意为：看到他们的儿子成天玩电脑游戏，父母不知道怎么办才好。此题强调的是怎样解决问题，所以选择C。dowith与what连用，故排除D项。答案：C4.We________hisideaforamusicclub,anddecidedtohaveanartclubinstead.A.rejectedB.acceptedC.followedD.arranged解析：由“decidedtohaveanartclubinstead”可知选reject“拒绝，不接受”。答案：A5.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise________on.A.goingB.goesC.wentD.togo解析：从with的复合结构的用法特点来看，此处缺少非谓语动词，所以排除B、C。虽然A、D两项都可以作补语，但两者所表示的时间不同：goingon表示正在进行，togoon表示将来的动作，故排除D。此处withallthatnoisegoingon作伴随状语，可知A项正确。答案：A基础演练1.Thedisc,digitally______inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recorded B.recording C.toberecorded D.havingrecorded2.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,____as3M.A.knowing B.known C.beingknown D.tobeknown3.Mostoftheartists_____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited4.Assoonassheenteredtheroom,thegirlcaughtsightoftheflowers____byhermother.A.buyingB.beingboughtC.wereboughtD.bought5.Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases_____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known6.Thecomputercenter,_____lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened7.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesget_____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay8.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_____frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed9.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain___astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating10.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyoucan’thavetimeto_____beforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchange C.getchangingD.gettochange11.Pricesofdailygoods____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying12.Withalotofdifferentproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettle D.beingsettled13.Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted14.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.grewlostD.gotlost15.Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparentsare_____him.A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointed;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby16.Idon’tknowthegirl______inthesnowstorm.A.tocatchB.caughtC.catchingD.tobecatching17.Thegirl_______downbyacarwasdying.A.knock B.knockingC.knockedD.toknock18.Theforeignguests,________byaninterpreter,cameoutofthehall.A.followingB.tofollowC.followedD.tobefollowed19.Theknowledge____inone’schildhoodwillmakeastrongerimpressiononhimthanwhathelearnsatanyotherlifestage.（2014.杭州第一次质检）A.acquiredB.acquiringC.beingacquiredDhavingacquired20.Thechildren__________atthehospitalyesterdaywereseriouslyill.A.toexamineB.examinedC.examineD.examining答案:1-5ABADD6-10DCACA11-15BCCDC16-20BCCAB巩固提高完形填空(共20小题)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。Almostallscientistsfailedmanytimesbeforetheyfinallysucceeded.Intheirscientificwork,theywereallstrict__1__themselves.Whentheyfirst__2__theirideas,theywerealwaysrejected.__3__，theydidnotgiveup.Itwastheirperseverance__4__madethemsuccessful.A__5__theoryistheresultofthescientificmethod.Scientistslookattheworldandtrytodescribeandexplainwhattheysee.Firsttheycarefullyobservewhattheyare__6__in.Toexplainwhattheyhaveseen,theybuildatheoryabouttheway__7__thingshappenandthecausesandeffects.Thentheywere__8__intheirwork.Finallythescientiststestthetheorytoseeifitmatcheswhattheyhaveseenandifitcan__9__futureevents.Infact,everynewthoughtorideahastobe__10__towhatwealreadyknew.Greatthinkersorscientistsareawareofthisandtryto__11__newandoldideasin__12__manydifferentwaysaspossible.Someofthegreatestscientistsforcedthemselvestodevelopnewideasevenwhentheytiredordidnotfeel__13__.Theyallknewthatforeachnewideathatworks,thereare__14__tenthatdonot.Ifwewanttodevelopour__15__，wecantryusingsomeofthe__16__strategies(策略)ofthegreatandfamous.Wemaynotbeinterestedinbecomingscientists,butweprobablyallwanttofindnewwaystoimproveour__17__.__18__knows,perhapsyournextthoughtwillbeanewideathatchangestheworld?Soweshouldbewellpreparedtomeet__19__inlifenowandtryourbesttomakegreat__20__toourfuturesociety.1.A.in B.on C.with D.for 2.A.putup B.putonC.putaside D.putforward3.A.So B.Therefore C.However D.But 4.A.that B.what C.which D.whether 5.A.scientific B.certain C.sure D.expert 6.A.curious B.interested C.cautious D.characteristic 7.A.which B.inwhich C.where D.how 8.A.absorbed B.absorbing C.absorb D.toabsorb 9.A.see B.watch C.notice D.foresee 10.A.linking B.link C.linked D.tolink 11.A.construct B.expose C.analyse D.combine 12.A.as B.than C.so D.such 13.A.inspiring B.inspired C.responsible D.enthusiasm 14.A.atmost B.atlastC.atleast D.intheleast 15.A.creativity B.conclusion C.enquiry D.chart 16.A.think B.thought C.thinking D.thoughts 17.A.life B.level C.universe D.sense 18.A.Who B.What C.How D.Which 19.A.suspect B.challenges C.clue D.announcement 20.A.contributions B.contribution C.contribute D.construction 答案：1.C2.D3.C4.A5.A6.B7.B8.A9.D10.C11.D12.A13.B14.C15.A16.C17.A18.A19.B20.A第一题：单项填空(共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分)从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.AnnieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse_______toguardher.（2014.浙江高考）A.toappoint B.appointing C.appointed D.havingappointed2.Thewriterwasso________inherworkthatshedidn’tnoticehimentertheroom.A.abandonedB.focusedC.absorbedD.centered3.Afterthestrangerleft,suspicion(猜疑)________amongthevillagers.A.roseB.aroseC.raisedD.lifted4.Yesterdaythefiremen________thegroundcarefully，butwerenotabletofindany________glass.A.examined;breakingB.cared;brokenC.examined;brokenD.cared;breaking5.Takecareduringtheholidays!Drinkingtoomuchcan________heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.A.contributetoB.dealwithC.attendtoD.devoteto6.Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytoget,Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.（2014.安徽高考）A.promote B.promoted C.promoting D.topromote7.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish________inashortperiod.A.improvedB.improvingC.toimproveD.improve8.Thestudentsweresittingintheclassroomwiththeireyes________ontheteachers.A.fixingB.fixedC.werefixedD.beingfixed9.It’sapitythattheyounggirldrownedherselfafterallherhopeswere________.A.beatenB.defeatedC.failedD.realized10.A________trafficaccidenthappenedonthehighway，butthedriverwasnot________forthetrafficaccident.A.severe；tobeblamedB.severely；tobeblamedC.severe；toblameD.severely；toblame11.________gene,intelligencealsodependsonarightdiet，agoodeducationandanicehomeenvironment.A.InadditiontoB.BesidesC.ApartfromD.A，BandC12.I________everyonemakefulluseoftime.A.wishB.hopeC.wantD.suggest13.Wewalkedasfastaswecould,________togetthereontime.A.hopingB.tohopeC.hopedD.beinghoped14.OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItaly________howcomfortableitwastoliveinourhomecountry.A.IrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.didIrealizeD.hadIrealized15.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit________onhisownfarm.A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrow16.In2009manycountriesaregoingthroughfinancialcrisis，________hasagreateffectonmanywalksoflife.A.itB.whichC.thatD.what17.Itissaidthatchancesarehigh________theChineseCommunistPartywillco­operatewithKuomintangforthethirdtime.A.thatB.asC.ifD.what18.Helenalwayshelpshermotherdothehouseworkeventhoughgoingtoschool________mostofherday.A.takesupB.makesupC.savesupD.usesup19.Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras_______toourshopforqualityproblems.（2014.重庆高考）A.returning B.returned C.toreturn D.tobereturned20.________Imethim，hewasworkingasasecretaryinabigcompany.A.SincethefirsttimeB.ThefirsttimeC.ForthefirsttimeD.Thefirsttimewhich答案：1.C2.C3.B4.C5.A6.B7.A8.B9.B10.C11.D12.D13.A14.C15.A16.B17.A18.A19.B20.B__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Hisfatherseems________(please)withhisresults.2.Don’tdrink________(pollute)water，becauseitcarriessomedisease.3.Someofthepeople________(invite)tothepartycouldn’tcome.4.Thereisacar________(park)outsidethehouse.5.Wewere________(inspire)bythe________(inspire)news.6.Whyareyoulookingso________(disappoint)?7.Withhis________(break)English,hecan’tmakehimselfunderstood.8.Didyouattendthemeeting________(hold)yesterday?9.Whenhesawtheletter,hebecame________(excite).10.Thefirsttextbook________(write)forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.答案：1.pleased2.polluted3.invited4.parked5.inspired；inspiring6.disappointed7.broken8.held9.excited10.written二、单项填空1.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps________fromthelibrary.A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing2.InApril，thousandsofholidaymakersremained______abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.A.stickingB.stuckC.tobestuckD.tohavestuck3.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney________inthelibrary.A.discoveredB.tobediscoveredC.discoveringD.havingdiscovered4.I’mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition________inyesterday’sChinaDaily.A.advertisedB.tobeadvertisedC.advertisingD.havingadvertised5.Agreatnumberofstudents________saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questionedD.questioning6.Don’tusewordsorphrases________onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known7.Mr.Smith，________ofthe________speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired；boringB.tiring；boredC.tired；boredD.tiring；boring8.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain________astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating9.Thisistheproblem________soquicklylastevening.A.havingbeensettledB.settleC.besettledD.settled10.Idon’tknowthegirl________inthestorm.A.tocatchB.caughtC.catchingD.tobecatching11.Thelittleboy________byhisfatherlefthomelastnight.A.havingbeenscoldedB.tobescoldedC.scoldedD.whohasbeenscolded12.The________lookonhisfaceshowedthathehadn’texpectedit.A.astonishedB.astonishingC.beingastonishedD.havingastonished13.Hisability________inthoseyearswaspraisedbyallofus.A.showingB.beshowingC.shownD.wasshown14.Thereisabigdog________toafenceoutsidethehouse.A.tyingB.tiedC.totieD.ties15.TheOlympicGames,________in776B.C.，didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplaying答案：1.C2.B3.A4.A5.C6.D7.A8.C9.D10.B11.C12.A13.C14.B15.A三、借助过去分词翻译句子1.李明对打篮球感兴趣。________________________________________________________________________2.地上有许多落叶。________________________________________________________________________3.他爸爸生气时，这孩子很害怕。________________________________________________________________________4.他写的这本书很好。________________________________________________________________________5.在昨天的会议上讨论的问题很难解决。________________________________________________________________________答案：1.LiMingisinterestedinplayingbasketball.2.Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.3.Theboywasveryfrightenedwhenhisfathergotangry.4.Thisbookwrittenbyhimisverygood.5.Theproblemdiscussedatthemeetingyesterdaywasverydifficulttosolve.四、阅读理解Therewasastorymanyyearsagoofaschoolteacher—Mrs.Thompson.Shetoldthechildrenonthefirstdaythatshelovedthemallthesame.Butthatwasalie.ThereinthefrontrowwasalittleboynamedTeddyStoddard.Hedidn’tplaywellwiththeotherchildrenandhealwaysneededabath.Shedidnotlikehim.ThenMrs.ThompsongottoknowthatTeddywasactuallyaverygoodboybeforethedeathofhismother.Mrs.Thompsonwasashamedofherself.Shefeltevenworsewhen，likeallherotherstudents，TeddybroughtheraChristmaspresenttoo.Itwashismother’sperfume(香水).Teddysaid，“Mrs.Thompson，todayyousmelljustlikemyMomusedto.”Afterthechildrenleftshecriedforatleastanhour.Onthatveryday，shestoppedteachingreading,writingandmath.Instead,shebegantoteachchildren.Mrs.ThompsonpaidparticularattentiontoTeddy.Theboy’smindseemedtocomealive.Themoresheencouragedhim,thefasterheimproved.Bytheendofthesixthgrade,Teddyhadbecomeoneofthesmartestchildrenintheclass.SixyearswentbybeforeshegotanotefromTeddy.Hewrotethathehadfinishedhighschool,thirdinhisclass,andthatshewasstillthebestteacherheeverhadinhiswholelife.Hewenttocollege.Mrs.Thompsongottwomorelettersfromhimwiththelastonesigned,TheodoreF.Stoddard,M.D.(医学博士).Thestorydidn’tendthere.Onhisweddingday,Dr.StoddardwhisperedinMrs.Thompson’sear,“Thankyou,Mrs.Thompson,forbelievinginme.YoumademefeelimportantandshowedmethatIcouldmakeadifference.”Mrs.Thompson,withtearsinhereyes,whisperedback,“Teddy,youhaveitallwrong.YouweretheonewhotaughtmethatIcouldmakeadifference.Ididn’tknowhowtoteachuntilImetyou.”1.WhatdidMrs.Thompsondoonthefirstdayofschool?A.ShemadeTeddyfeelashamed.B.SheaskedthechildrentoplaywithTeddy.C.ShechangedTeddy’sseattothefrontrow.D.Shetoldtheclasssomethinguntrueaboutherself.2.WhatdidMrs.ThompsonfindoutaboutTeddy?A.Heoftentoldlies.B.Hewasgoodatmath.C.Heneededmotherlycare.D.Heenjoyedplayingwithothers.3.InwhatwaydidMrs.Thompsonchange?A.Shetaughtfewerschoolsubjects.B.Shebecamestricterwithherstudents.C.Shenolongerlikedherjobasateacher.D.Shecaredmoreabouteducatingstudents.4.WhydidTeddythankMrs.Thompsonathiswedding?A.Shehadkeptintouchwithhim.B.Shehadgivenhimencouragement.C.ShehadsenthimChristmaspresents.D.Shehadtaughthimhowtojudgepeople.答案：1.D2.C3.D4.BItmayhelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthingasaperfectspeech.Atsomepointineveryspeech,everyspeakersayssomethingthatisnotunderstoodexactlyashehasplanned.Fortunately,suchmomentsareusuallynotobvious(明显的)tothelisteners.Why?Becausethelistenersdonotknowwhatthespeakerplanstosay.Theyhearonlywhatthespeakerdoessay.Ifyouloseyourplaceforamoment,wronglychangetheorderofacoupleofsentences,orforgettopauseatacertainpoint,noonewillbeanythewiser.Whensuchmomentsoccur,don’tworryaboutthem.Justcontinueasifnothinghappened.Evenifyoudomakeanobviousmistakeduringaspeech,thatdoesn’treallymatter.IfyouhaveeverlistenedtoMartinLutherKing’sfamousspeech—“IHaveaDream”,youmaynoticethathestumbled(结巴)overhiswordstwiceduringthespeech.Mostlikely,however,youdon’tremember.Why?Becauseyouwerefixingyourattentiononhismessageratherthanonhiswayofspeech­making.Peoplecarealotaboutmakingamistakeinaspeechbecausetheyregardspeech­makingasakindofperformanceratherthanasanactofcommunication(交流).Theyfeelthelistenersarelikejudgesinanice­skatingcompetition.But,infact,thelistenersarenotlookingforaperfectperformance.Theyarelookingforawell­thought­outspeechthatexpressesthespeaker’sideasclearlyanddirectly.Sometimesamistakeortwocanactuallyincreaseaspeaker’sattractivenessbymakinghimmorehuman.Asyouworkonyourspeech,don’tworryaboutbeingperfect.Onceyoufreeyourmindofthis,youwillfinditmucheasiertogiveyourspeechfreely.1.Theunderlinedpartinthefirstparagraphmeansthatnoonewill________.A.be