【英语】浙江省三锋联盟2023-2024学年高二下学期4月期中试题（解析版）

浙江省三锋联盟2023-2024学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题选择题部分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WhatwillChrisdonext?A.WatchtheWorldCup.B.Drinksomecoffee.C.Gotosleep.2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers.B.Classmates.C.Relatives.3.Whatisthewoman'sattitudetotheman'ssuggestion?A.Favorable.B.Tolerant.C.Negative.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutTom?A.He'sunwillingtostudy.B.He'ssmartforhisage.C.He'sdifficulttogetalongwith.5.WhatdidKevindoyesterday?A.Hewentswimming.B.Hecleaneduphishouse.C.Hetalkedwithhisgrandparents.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whoisarrangingthemeeting?A.Peter.B.David.C.Janet.7.Whendoesthemanprefertohavethemeeting?A.ThisFriday.B.ThisWednesday.C.NextMonday.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Travelexperiences.B.Vacationplans.C.Favoriteseasons.9.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Gotothebeach.B.Findasummerjob.C.MovetoWashington.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhatdoesthenewssayaboutbigonlinespendersintheUS?A.Thenumberofthemgrowsslowly.B.Therearemorementhanwomen.C.Theymakeuphalfofallshoppers.11.HowmuchdidAmericansspendshoppingonlinelastyear?A.$990billion.B.$1,500billion.C.$453billion.12.WhatdidGeorgebuyonlinelastSunday?A.Anadventurenovel.B.Asoftwarepackage.C.AnotebyMarkTwain.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhathasRichardbeendoing?A.Visitingamuseum.B.WatchingTV.C.Studying.14.WhydoesSusancallRichard?A.Toaskforhelp.B.Togivethanks.C.Tomakeanappointment.15.WhatdoesSusanwanttodo?A.Seeanexhibition.B.Buyanewcellphone.C.Takepicturesofthesnow.16.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydo?A.Attendaparty.B.Gotoapark.C.Playfootball.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Wheredidthespeakerlearnaboutcollege?A.Fromthemovies.B.Fromherfamily.C.Fromthebooks.18.Whathelpedchangethespeaker'sattitudetowardsstudy?A.Hergraduateprogram.B.Herprofessor'sadvice.C.HertriptoAfrica.19.Howdoesthespeakerfeelwhenshetalksaboutherpastexperiences?A.Relieved.B.Grateful.C.Regretful.20.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Highschoolstudents.B.Collegeteachers.C.Conservationworkers.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATherearemanygreatindependentbookstoresinNorthCarolina.Ifyou’relookingforsomegoodbookstoread,youcanvisitthebookstoreslistedbelow.PurpleCrowBooksIt’saliterarymeetingplacerightinhistoricdowntownHillsborough.Itwasopenedin2009.Youcanfindnewbooks,usedonesorthelatestworksbylocalauthors.Becauseitspecializesinlocalwriters,PurpleCrowBooksisafavoritetouristdestination.It’sagreatplacetograbasignedcopyofabookbyyourfavoritelocalauthor.109WestKingStreet,Hillsborough,NC27278QuailRidgeBooksThisisanindependentbookstorewithfriendlystaffdedicatedto(致力于)providingthebestcustomerservice.Foundedin1984byNancyOlson,thestoreprovidesawidevarietyofcarefullyselectedbooks,events,discussiongroupsandtownhallmeetings.TheownerLisaPooleboughtthestorein2013andisdedicatedtoservingthelocals.4209-100LassiterMillRoad,Raleigh,NC27609PomegranateBooksThisbookstoreislocatedinthehistoricBorkenhagenHouseintheWinterParkneighborhoodofWilmington,NorthCarolina.Ithasbeenfindinggoodhomesforgreatbookssince2005.Itstocksacarefullyselectedcollectionofliteraryandlife-enhancingtitlesforallagesandalsofeatureslocally-madecardsandgiftitems.4418ParkAve,Wilmington,NC28403ScuppernongBooksThisbookstorewasopenedonDecember21,2013andhasbeenanimportantpartoftherebirthofdowntownGreensboroeversince.Itfeaturesfictionandpoetryalongwitharemarkablechildren’ssectionandabroadrangeofgeneralinteresttitles.Withinthestoreisabusycafeservingcoffee,wine,andbeersourcedprimarilyfromlocalsmallbusinesses.304SouthElmStreet,Greensboro,NC274011.WhatisspecialaboutPurpleCrowBooks?A.Itholdsvariousreadingactivities. B.Itmainlysellsbooksbylocalwriters.C.Itfocusesonsellingsecond-handbooks. D.Itissupportedbylocalsmallbusinesses.2.Whichbookstorehasthelongesthistory?A.QuailRidgeBooks. B.PurpleCrowBooks.C.PomegranateBooks. D.ScuppernongBooks.3.WhowouldprefertovisitScuppernongBooks?A.Peoplelovingnon-fictionbooks. B.Peoplelikinghandmadecardsandgifts.C.Peopleenjoyingaveryquietenvironment. D.Peoplefondofbuyingcollectionsofpoetry.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四家独立书店的情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据PurpleCrowBooks部分中“Becauseitspecializesinlocalwriters,PurpleCrowBooksisafavoritetouristdestination.It’sagreatplacetograbasignedcopyofabookbyyourfavoritelocalauthor.(因为它专门研究当地作家的作品，紫鸦书店是一个很受欢迎的旅游目的地。在这里你可以买到你最喜欢的当地作家的签名书。)”可知，PurpleCrowBooks的特别之处在于主要卖本地作家的书。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据PurpleCrowBooks部分中“Itwasopenedin2009.(它于2009年开业。)”；QuailRidgeBooks部分中“Foundedin1984byNancyOlson,thestoreprovidesawidevarietyofcarefullyselectedbooks,events,discussiongroupsandtownhallmeetings.(这家书店由南希·奥尔森于1984年创立，提供各种精心挑选的书籍、活动、讨论小组和市政厅会。)”；PomegranateBooks部分中“Ithasbeenfindinggoodhomesforgreatbookssince2005.(自2005年以来，它一直在为伟大的书籍寻找好去处。)”以及ScuppernongBooks部分中“ThisbookstorewasopenedonDecember21,2013andhasbeenanimportantpartoftherebirthofdowntownGreensboroeversince.(这家书店于2013年12月21日开业，自那以后一直是格林斯博罗市中心重生的重要组成部分。)”可知，QuailRidgeBooks的历史最悠久。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据ScuppernongBooks部分中“Itfeaturesfictionandpoetryalongwitharemarkablechildren’ssectionandabroadrangeofgeneralinteresttitles.(它的特色是小说和诗歌，以及一个引人注目的儿童部分和广泛的一般兴趣标题。)”可知，喜欢买诗集的人更愿意参观ScuppernongBooks。故选D。BIwassurfingtheInternet,planningforour15th-anniversarytripwhenaperfectspotattractedme:TheShireofMontana,a“hobbithouse”,whichJimmyhusbandhaddreamedabout.Iknewhe’dbeimpressed.Andoursix-year-olddaughter,Aurora,wouldlikeit,too.IwasabouttobookourreservationwhenIsawanoteonthewebsite:Nokidsallowed.Thatruinedeverything!Luckily,therewasanemailaddressonthesite.Ipluckedupthecouragetocontacttheowner.Soon,areplyarrived,saying,“Ifyoupromisethatyourdaughterisresponsibleandwillnottouch,shecancome.”Iwasrelieved,thinkingAurorawasagoodkid.“Thiswillbeokay,”Iwroteback.Thedayfinallyarrived.Wepiledintothecar.Icouldn’thelpbeingexcited,imaginingJimandAurora’sreactions.Wepassedasignthatread,“Theadventurebegins…”TurningontotheHobbitLane,Ifeltapangofanxiety.Assoonaswegotoutofthecar,IpulledAuroraaside.“Childrenaren’tusuallyallowedhere,”Isaid.“Soyouhavetobevery,verycareful.Youcanlookateverything,butdon’ttouch.”Iexplainedtheruleandhowterribleitwouldbetodamageanything.Aurora’seyeswidenedatmyno-nonsensetone.“Ipromise,Mom,”shesaid.Obviously,myconcernwassuperfluous.WespentseveraldaysatTheShire.Aurorawasdelightedateachdiscoverybutsheneverdisturbedathing.Shetookherresponsibilitytoprotecttheowner’sworkseriously.Itturnedoutthatrespectingboundariesdidn’ttakeawaythebeautyandwonder,itallowedTheShiretoremainbeautifulandwonderfulintothefuture.Notsodifferentfromamarriage,Ithought.NowIunderstoodwhywewenttothisplacetocelebrateourfifteenthanniversary.JimandImovedthroughlifesidebysideasacouple,andwe’dlearnedtoaccepteachother’sindividualityandboundariesaswell.Marriageisfullofsurprises,challengesandadventures.Thekeytomakingitworkisrespectingeachother.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Theauthormetaproblemwhileplanningatrip.B.Theauthorandherhusbandhadbeenmarriedfor6years.C.Auroradidn’twanttotakeatriptoTheShireofMontana.D.Thetripwasruinedbecausetheauthordidn’treservearoom.5.Whydidtheauthorfeelapangofanxiety?A.Shefeltitaburdentotakecareofherdaughter.B.Shedoubtedifherdaughterwouldbehavewell.C.Sheworriedherdaughterwouldn’tbeadmitted.D.Shewasn’tsurewhetherherhusbandwouldliketheplace.6.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“superfluous”inparagraph4?A.considerable B.important C.unnecessary D.common7.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveythroughthetext?A.Don’tgiveupuntilyoutryyourbest.B.Goodrolemodelsareessentialforteachingkids.C.Respectcontributestoahappyandlastingmarriage.D.Obeyingtherulesisimportantwhendealingwithpeople.【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和家人外出度假，女儿表现良好，让作者意识到了互相尊重适用于亲子和婚姻关系。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“IwasabouttobookourreservationwhenIsawanoteonthewebsite:Nokidsallowed.Thatruinedeverything!(我正要预订座位时，在网站上看到一条告示：儿童不得入内。那毁了一切！)”可知，作者在计划旅行时遇到了一个问题。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Wepassedasignthatread,“Theadventurebegins…”TurningontotheHobbitLane,Ifeltapangofanxiety.Assoonaswegotoutofthecar,IpulledAuroraaside.“Childrenaren’tusuallyallowedhere,”Isaid.“Soyouhavetobevery,verycareful.Youcanlookateverything,butdon’ttouch.”Iexplainedtheruleandhowterribleitwouldbetodamageanything.(我们经过一块牌子，上面写着：“冒险开始了……”拐进霍比特人巷，我感到一阵焦虑。我们一下车，我就把奥罗拉到一边。“这里通常不允许孩子进来，”我说。“所以你必须非常非常小心。你可以看所有的东西，但不要碰。”我解释了规则，以及损坏任何东西会有多可怕)”可知，作者感到一阵焦虑是因为她怀疑她的女儿是否会表现良好。故选B。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“WespentseveraldaysatTheShire.Aurorawasdelightedateachdiscoverybutsheneverdisturbedathing.Shetookherresponsibilitytoprotecttheowner’sworkseriously.Itturnedoutthatrespectingboundariesdidn’ttakeawaythebeautyandwonder,itallowedTheShiretoremainbeautifulandwonderfulintothefuture.(我们在夏尔待了几天。爱洛对每一个发现都很高兴，但她从不打扰任何事情。她认真对待保护业主作品的责任。事实证明，尊重边界并没有带走美丽和奇迹，它让夏尔在未来保持美丽和精彩)”可知，作者的女儿表现良好，所以作者的担心是不必要的。由此可知，划线词意思是“不必要的”。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“JimandImovedthroughlifesidebysideasacouple,andwe’dlearnedtoaccepteachother’sindividualityandboundariesaswell.Marriageisfullofsurprises,challengesandadventures.Thekeytomakingitworkisrespectingeachother.(吉姆和我作为一对夫妻并肩度过了一生，我们也学会了接受彼此的个性和界限。婚姻充满了惊喜、挑战和冒险。维系关系的关键在于相互尊重)”可推知，作者想要表达的是尊重有助于幸福和持久的婚姻。故选C。CTheage-oldchoreofdustingcouldsoonbeathingofthepast.Scientistsaredeveloping“self-cleaning”surfacesthatmakedustparticlesunabletosticktothem.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofTexasatAustinsaytheparticlesinsteadsticktoeachotherandsimplyrolloffthesurfaceswithnothingmorethantheassistanceofgravity.Thescientistsalteredthegeometry(几何构造)offlatsurfacesatalevelinvisibletohumaneyes.Theteammadeatightly-packednanoscale(纳米级)networkofpyramid-shapedstructuresonthesurfaceswhichmadeitdifficultfordustparticlestosticktothematerial.Instead,theparticlessticktoeachotherbeforerollingoffthematerialduetogravity.Thestudy,fundedbyagrant(拨款)fromNASA’sSmallBusinessInnovationResearchprogram,testedthematerialbypilinglunardustontheirengineeredsurfacesbeforeturningthemontheirsides.Theteamfoundthatjusttwopercentofthesurfaceremaineddusty,comparedwithmorethan35percentofanunalteredsmoothsurface.Thenewsurfacecouldprovideapassivesolutiontoremovingdust,asopposedtomoreactivemethodslikeusingwipersandfluidtocleardustfromacarwindscreen.“Whatwe’vedemonstratedhereisasurfacethatcancleanitself,”saysleadstudyauthorChih-HaoChang.“Particulatesaren’tabletosticktothesurface,sotheycomeoffusingjusttheforceofgravity.”Studyauthorshopethematerialprovidesasolutiontospacedust,whichcanbeextremelyharmfulinsuchahigh-riskenvironmentandisalmostimpossibletocleanout.SpacedusthaspreviouslycausedgreatdamagetoNASA’shumanspaceflightApollomissionsandhasevencausedroversonMarstomalfunctionandfail.“There’snotmuchyoucandoaboutlunardustinspace—itstickstoeverythingandthere’snorealwaytowipeitoff,”saysSamuelLee,aleadauthorofthestudy.“DustonsolarpanelsofMarsroverscancausethemtofail.”However,theresearchersalsobelievethediscoverycouldproveusefulonEarth,preventingsolarpanelsfromcollectingdustandlosingefficiency.Thesesurfacesmayevenprotectourscreensandwindowsfromirritatingdust.8.Howdidthescientistsaltertheflatsurfaces?A.Byputtingthinpaintonthem. B.Bycreatingaspecialnetworkonthem.C.Bymakingparticlessticktoeachother. D.Bymakingtheminvisibletohumaneyes.9.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesurfacesafterthetest?A.Over35%ofthesurfacesweredusty.B.Justtwopercentofthesurfacesremaineddusty.C.Thesurfacesstillneededtobecleanedwithwipersandfluid.D.Thesurfacesattractedmoredustparticlesthancommonones.10.WhydoestheauthormentionNASA’shumanspaceflightApollomissionsandroversonMars?A.Toshowthematerialcanbeveryhelpful. B.Toproveirritatingdustexistseverywhere.C.Toshowtheimportanceofspaceexploration. D.ToexplainwhyNASAsupportedtheresearch.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Dustthreatenedmissionsinspace. B.Scientistsdevelopedself-cleaningsurfaces.C.Self-cleaningsurfacesprovedusefulonEarth. D.ScientistsdevelopedamaterialforroversonMars.【答案】8.B9.B10.A11.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员开发了一种可以自我清洁的表面，解释了其工作原理以及测试情况和未来的应用。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theteammadeatightly-packednanoscale(纳米级)networkofpyramid-shapedstructuresonthesurfaceswhichmadeitdifficultfordustparticlestosticktothematerial.(该团队在表面制作了一个金字塔形结构的紧密排列的纳米级网络，这使得灰尘颗粒很难粘在材料上)”可知，科学家们通过建立一个特殊的网络改变平面。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theteamfoundthatjusttwopercentofthesurfaceremaineddusty,comparedwithmorethan35percentofanunalteredsmoothsurface.(研究小组发现，只有2%的表面仍有灰尘，而未改变的光滑表面有超过35%的灰尘)”可知，测试后，只有2%的表面仍有灰尘。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Studyauthorshopethematerialprovidesasolutiontospacedust,whichcanbeextremelyharmfulinsuchahigh-riskenvironmentandisalmostimpossibletocleanout.SpacedusthaspreviouslycausedgreatdamagetoNASA’shumanspaceflightApollomissionsandhasevencausedroversonMarstomalfunctionandfail.(研究作者希望这种材料能为太空尘埃提供解决方案，太空尘埃在这样一个高风险的环境中是极其有害的，而且几乎不可能清除。此前，太空尘埃对美国宇航局的阿波罗载人航天任务造成了巨大损害，甚至导致火星上的漫游者发生故障和失败)”可知，作者提到美国宇航局的载人航天阿波罗任务和火星探测器是为了展示材料会很有帮助。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Theage-oldchoreofdustingcouldsoonbeathingofthepast.Scientistsaredeveloping“self-cleaning”surfacesthatmakedustparticlesunabletosticktothem.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofTexasatAustinsaytheparticlesinsteadsticktoeachotherandsimplyrolloffthesurfaceswithnothingmorethantheassistanceofgravity.(打扫灰尘这种由来已久的苦差事可能很快就会成为过去。科学家们正在开发一种“自清洁”表面，使灰尘颗粒无法附着在表面上。德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的研究人员说，这些粒子相互粘在一起，只是在重力的帮助下从表面滚下来)”结合文章主要说明了研究人员开发了一种可以自我清洁的表面，解释了其工作原理以及测试情况和未来的应用。可知，这篇文章的主旨是科学家开发了自清洁表面。故选B。DWhentemperaturesclimb,manypeoplereachforice-coldbeverages(饮料)tocooldown.Butothersputthekettleon:Hotteaisago-tobeverageyear-roundincountriessuchasBangladesh,China,JapanandSaudiArabia.Manypeoplefindhottearefreshingonhotdays.Canhotdrinksreallycoolyoudownonahotday?AccordingtoPeterMcNaughton,aprofessoratKing’sCollegeLondonwhostudiesthermoregulation(温度调节),hotdrinksreallycancoolyoudown.“Itseemstotallycounterintuitive(反直觉的，违反直觉的),”McNaughtonsaid.“Drinkingahotdrinkreallydoesmakeyoudropyourtemperatureifit’snottoohumidout.”“Ifadrinkiswarmerthanyourbodyatfirst,obviously,thatdrinkmakesyouhotter,”McNaughtonsaid.Buthumans,likeallwarmbloodedanimals,areconstantlyadjustingtomaintainaconsistentinternaltemperature.McNaughtonfoundthathotdrinksactivateareceptor(接受器)inournervescalledTRPV1,whichtellsthebodyitneedstocooldown.Inresponse,humanssweat.“Sweatpoolingonskinisuncomfortable,butaddabreezeorafan,andtheairblowingpasthelpssweatevaporate(蒸发),takingheatwithit,”McNaughtonsaid.“Ingeneral,yourlifedependsonsweating.SweatingcanhelphumanssurviveinsomeofthehighesttemperaturesdocumentedonEarth,atleastindryheat.Sweatislesseffectiveinhighhumiditybecausetheairisalreadyfullofwatervaporandcan’tabsorbasmuchfromtheskin,that’swhyinhighhumidity,thesurvivabletemperatureismuchlower.”A2012studyinthejournalActaPhysiologicafoundthatwhensweatfullyevaporates,hotdrinkscanhelpcoolpeopleoffoverall,atleasttemporarily.Thatstudylookedatcyclistsbikingquicklyenoughtocreatetheirownbreezeinaclimatewithnohumidity:idealconditionsforsweatevaporation.Inthereverseeffect,colddrinkslowerbodytemperaturesandthenmakethebrainreducesweatinginordertobringbodytemperaturebacktoitsbaseline.A2018papersuggeststhatwithlesswind,morehumidity,orotherbarrierstoeffectivesweating—liketheheavyclothingwornbyfirefighters—itmaymakemoresensetocooloffbydrinkingcrushedice.12.WhatdoweknowaboutpeopleinBangladesh,China,JapanandSaudiArabia?A.Theylikeice-coldbeveragesonhotdays.B.Theyfavorhotteaovercolddrinksyear-round.C.Theydoubtwhetherhotteacanhelpcoolthemdown.D.Theybelieveice-coldbeveragesareharmfultotheirhealth.13.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?A.TRPV1helpsadjustbloodtemperature. B.Bloodhelpsaddheattothehumanbody.C.Sweatinghelpsincreaseourbodytemperature. D.TRPV1sendssignalsrelatedtobodytemperature.14.WhydoestheauthorquoteMcNaughton’swordsaboutsweatingparagraph4?A.Toshowthedangerofhighhumidity. B.Torevealwhysomepeoplesweatmore.C.Totellusaboutthefunctionofsweating. D.Todisplayhowpeoplesurviveextremeheat.15.Whatcanweconcludeafterreadingthetext?A.Drinkingenoughwaterbenefitsourbodies.B.Weshouldavoidcoldwaterinhighhumidity.C.Hotwatercoolsusdownbetterthancoldwater.D.Hotdrinkshelpcoolthebodyundercertainconditions.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明喝热饮可以有助于身体降温，解释了其中的原理。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Butothersputthekettleon:Hotteaisago-tobeverageyear-roundincountriessuchasBangladesh,China,JapanandSaudiArabia.(但也有人把水壶打开：在孟加拉国、中国、日本和沙特阿拉伯等国家，热茶是全年的必备饮料。)”可知，孟加拉国、中国、日本和沙特阿拉伯的人全年都喜欢热茶而不是冷饮。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“McNaughtonfoundthathotdrinksactivateareceptor(接受器)inournervescalledTRPV1,whichtellsthebodyitneedstocooldown.Inresponse,humanssweat.(麦克诺顿发现，热饮会激活我们神经中的一种名为TRPV1的受体，它会告诉身体需要降温。作为回应，人类会出汗。)”可知，TRPV1发送与体温有关的信号。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段““Sweatpoolingonskinisuncomfortable,butaddabreezeorafan,andtheairblowingpasthelpssweatevaporate(蒸发),takingheatwithit,”McNaughtonsaid.“Ingeneral,yourlifedependsonsweating.SweatingcanhelphumanssurviveinsomeofthehighesttemperaturesdocumentedonEarth,atleastindryheat.Sweatislesseffectiveinhighhumiditybecausetheairisalreadyfullofwatervaporandcan’tabsorbasmuchfromtheskin,that’swhyinhighhumidity,thesurvivabletemperatureismuchlower.”(麦克诺顿说：“汗水聚集在皮肤上是不舒服的，但吹过的风或风扇会帮助汗水蒸发，带走热量。总的来说，你的生活取决于出汗。出汗可以帮助人类在地球上有记录的一些最高温度下生存，至少在干热的情况下。汗液在高湿度条件下效果较差，因为空气中已经充满了水蒸气，不能从皮肤上吸收那么多，这就是为什么在高湿度条件下，生存温度要低得多。”)”可知，作者在第4段引用了McNaughton关于出汗的话是为了告诉我们出汗的功能。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“A2012studyinthejournalActaPhysiologicafoundthatwhensweatfullyevaporates,hotdrinkscanhelpcoolpeopleoffoverall,atleasttemporarily.(2012年发表在《生理学学报》上的一项研究发现，当汗液完全蒸发后，热饮可以帮助人们整体降温，至少是暂时的。)”可推知，在某些情况下，热饮有助于身体降温。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Gettingupearlyisactuallythesecrettothesuccessofmanypeople.____16____Itmayimproveyourcognitive(认知的)function.Peoplewhogetupearlyinthemorningcanconcentratebetter,aremoreattentive,andstayenergizedthroughouttheday.____17____Therefore,focusingonimportanttasksearlierwillallowyoutomakebetterdecisionsthanpeoplewhoworklater.A2010HarvardUniversitystudyfoundthatmorningpeoplehavebetterproblem-solvingskills,getbettergradesinschool,andlandhigher-payingjobs.Ithelpsyousleepbetter.Wakingupearlymakesgoingtobedearliereasierandhelpsyougetconsistentsleepandwaketime.____18____Gettingadequatesleepmayloweryourbloodpressure,boostyourmood,aswellasimproveyourbrainfunction.Peoplewhotendtobenightowlsaremorelikelytofeeltiredanddevelopsleepdisorders.Itgivesyoumoretimetoeatbreakfast.____19____Afterall,foodisthefuelpeopleneedtofeelenergizedandreadytofacetheworld.Justdrinkingacupofcoffeeatthedrive-throughwillnotgiveyouwhatyouneed.Enjoyanutritiousbreakfastofhealthybreadrollsoryogurtandfruittostartyourdayoffright.Itgivesyoumoretimeforyourself.Wakingupearlyallowsyoutowatchthesunriseandhavequiettimeathome.Self-careisvitallyimportant,sotakethistimetoenjoyyourcoffee,takeyourdogforalongwalk,writeyourshoppinglist,orjusttakesomeextrametime.Peoplegenerallythinkitisdifficulttogetmoretimeforthemselves.____20____A.Trygoingtothegymorrunningfirstinthemorning.B.People’sbrainsaremorealert(灵敏的)inthemorning.C.Nothingstartsadaybetterthaneatingahealthybreakfast.D.Thishelpstoregulateyourbodyclockandleadstobettersleep.E.Checkoutthesefourgoodreasonstowakeupearlyinthemorning.F.Herearefourmethodsthatwillhelpyoustartyourdayfeelingrelaxed.G.However,settingyouralarmclockearlierwillgiveyouthegiftofextratime.【答案】16.E17.B18.D19.C20.G【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了四个早起的理由。【16题详解】根据上文“Gettingupearlyisactuallythesecrettothesuccessofmanypeople.(早起其实是很多人成功的秘诀)”结合后文论述了早起的四个理由，故E选项“看看这四个早起的好理由”符合语境，故选E。【17题详解】根据上文“Peoplewhogetupearlyinthemorningcanconcentratebetter,aremoreattentive,andstayenergizedthroughouttheday.(早起的人可以更好地集中注意力，更专注，一整天都保持精力充沛)”可知，上文提到早起的人注意力更集中，说明大脑在早上更加灵敏，故B选项“人们的大脑在早上更灵敏”符合语境，故选B。【18题详解】根据上文“Wakingupearlymakesgoingtobedearliereasierandhelpsyougetconsistentsleepandwaketime.(早起可以让你更容易早睡，帮助你获得一致的睡眠和醒来时间)”以及后文“Gettingadequatesleepmayloweryourbloodpressure,boostyourmood,aswellasimproveyourbrainfunction.Peoplewhotendtobenightowlsaremorelikelytofeeltiredanddevelopsleepdisorders.(充足的睡眠可以降低你的血压，改善你的情绪，以及改善你的大脑功能。夜猫子的人更容易感到疲劳，患上睡眠障碍)”可知，上文提到了早起帮助你获得一致的睡眠和醒来时间，后文提到了充足睡眠的好处，可知本句承接上文，继续说明早起带来的好处，故D选项“这有助于调节你的生物钟，从而获得更好的睡眠”符合语境，故选D。【19题详解】根据后文“Afterall,foodisthefuelpeopleneedtofeelenergizedandreadytofacetheworld.Justdrinkingacupofcoffeeatthedrive-throughwillnotgiveyouwhatyouneed.Enjoyanutritiousbreakfastofhealthybreadrollsoryogurtandfruittostartyourdayoffright.(毕竟，食物是人们感到精力充沛、准备好面对世界所需要的燃料。仅仅在汽车餐厅喝杯咖啡并不能满足你的需要。享受一顿营养丰富的早餐，健康的面包卷或酸奶和水果，开始你的一天)”可知，后文主要论述了早起可以更好地享受早餐。故C选项“没有什么比吃一顿健康的早餐更好的开始新的一天了”符合语境，故选C。【20题详解】根据上文“Wakingupearlyallowsyoutowatchthesunriseandhavequiettimeathome.Self-careisvitallyimportant,sotakethistimetoenjoyyourcoffee,takeyourdogforalongwalk,writeyourshoppinglist,orjusttakesomeextrametime.Peoplegenerallythinkitisdifficulttogetmoretimeforthemselves.(早起可以让你看日出，在家里有一段安静的时间。自我照顾是非常重要的，所以利用这段时间来享受你的咖啡，带你的狗去散步，写你的购物清单，或者只是给自己一些额外的时间。人们普遍认为很难为自己争取更多的时间)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，上文提到人们难以为自己争取更多时间，可知本句是在说明早起可以获得更多时间。故G选项“然而，把闹钟调早一点会给你额外的时间”符合语境，故选G。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iamemployedinaneducationalinstitution.Eachday,followingthe____21____ofthestudents,adelightfulyoungwomannamedClaireoftenarrivestocleantheclassroomsandoffices.Onceaweek,I____22____afterhours,doingsomeextrawork.SoIoftenchatforafewminuteswithher.Shealwaysmakesmefeelgoodbecauseshe'sagoodlistenerandwillingtotalkaboutherchildren.Our____23____areconsistentlyenjoyable.Lastweek,sheseemedunlikeher____24____self.Shetoldmethatherhusbandhadbeen____25____fromhisjob,leavingthemworriedabouttheirfinancial____26____.Laterthatweek,whileIwasinadepartmentstore,myattentionwasdrawntotheshelveslinedwithsunglasses.After____27____variouspairs,Idiscoveredtheidealsunglasses.AsIadmiredmy____28____,itoccurredtomethatClairewouldlookgreatwhilewearingthem.____29____withmycurrentpair,IpurchasedthesunglassesforClaire.Eagertosurpriseher,Iplacedtheminanelegantbagand____30____puttheminherclosetforherdiscovery.Thefollowingday,Clairewaschattingwithacoworkerasshe____31____thecloset.Upon____32____thebagandtakingoutthesunglassesandaSmileCard,herfacelitupwithjoy.Sheexpressedthatithadbeendayssinceshehadreasontosmileandthatthisactofkindness____33____herspirits.Shepennedanoteexpressingher____34____formyheart-warminggesture.Choosingtogiftherthesunglassesinsteadofmyselfbroughtmemuchsatisfaction.Ieagerly____35____creatingmoremomentsofjoy.21.A.queue B.exit C.guidance D.plan22.A.wait B.work C.think D.remain23.A.conversations B.jobs C.trips D.arrangements24.A.regular B.usual C.unusual D.calm25.A.fired B.blamed C.rewarded D.comforted26.A.stability B.manner C.method D.support27.A.checkingout B.puttingaside C.tryingon D.takingup28.A.ambition B.reflection C.conclusion D.decision29.A.Satisfied B.Bored C.Familiar D.Careful30.A.occasionally B.cautiously C.accurately D.secretly31.A.achieved B.approached C.found D.removed32.A.covering B.hiding C.spotting D.receiving33.A.maintained B.struck C.lifted D.restored34.A.gratitude B.comment C.preparation D.apology35.A.doubt B.imagine C.admit D.anticipate【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.B25.A26.A