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银行系统招聘考试(阅读理解)模拟试卷2一、阅读理解(本题共25题,每题1.0分,共25分。)Allofthe2019NobelPrizesinsciencewereawardedtomen.That'sareturntobusinessasusual,afterbiochemicalengineerFrancesArnoldwonin2018,forchemistry,andDonnaStricklandreceivedthe2018NobelPrizeinphysics.StricklandwasonlythethirdfemalephysicisttogetaNobelfollowingMarieCuriein1903andMariaGoeppert-Mayer60yearslater.Whenaskedhowthatfelt,shenotedthatatfirstitwassurprisingtorealizesofewwomenhadwontheaward,"But,Imean,Idoliveinaworldofmostlymen,soseeingmostlymendoesn'treallyeversurprisemeeither."TherarityoffemaleNobellaureatesraisesquestionsaboutwomen'sexclusionfromeducationandcareersinscience.Femaleresearchershavecomealongwayoverthepastcentury.Butthere'soverwhelmingevidencethatwomenremainunderrepresentedintheSTEMfieldsofscience,technology,engineeringandmath.Studieshaveshownthosewhopersistinthesecareersfaceexplicitandimplicitbarrierstoadvancement.Biasismostintenseinfieldsthatarepredominantlymalewherewomenlackacriticalmassofrepresentationandareoftenviewedastokensoroutsiders.Traditionalstereotypesholdthatwomen"don'tlikemath"and"aren'tgoodatscience."Bothmenandwomenreporttheseviewpoints,butresearchershaveempiricallydisputedthem.StudiesshowthatgirlsandwomenavoidSTEMeducationnotbecauseofcognitiveinability,butbecauseofearlyexposureandexperiencewithSTEM,educationalpolicy,culturalcontext,stereotypesandalackofexposuretorolemodels.Forthepastseveraldecades,effortstoimprovetherepresentationofwomeninSTEMfieldshavefocusedoncounteringthesestereotypeswitheducationalreformsandindividualprogramsthatcanincreasethenumberofgirlsenteringandstayinginwhat'sbeencalledtheSTEMpipeline—thepathfromK-12tocollegetopostgraduatetraining.Theseapproachesareworking.WomenareincreasinglylikelytoexpressaninterestinSTEMcareersandpursueSTEMmajorsincollege.Womennowmakeuphalformoreofworkersinpsychologyandsocialsciencesandareincreasinglyrepresentedinthescientificworkforce,thoughcomputerandmathematicalsciencesareanexception.MorewomenaregraduatingwithSTEMPh.D.sandearningfacultypositions.Buttheyencounterglasscliffsandceilingsastheyadvancethroughtheiracademiccareers.TheyfaceanumberofstructuralandinstitutionalbarriersinacademicSTEMcareers.Inadditiontoissuesrelatedtothegenderpaygap,thestructureofacademicscienceoftenmakesitdifficultforwomentogetaheadintheworkplaceandtobalanceworkandlifecommitments.Benchsciencecanrequireyearsofdedicatedtimeinalaboratory.Thestricturesofthetenure-trackprocesscanmakemaintainingwork-lifebalance,respondingtofamilyobligations,andhavingchildrenortakingfamilyleavedifficult,ifnotimpossible.1、WhatdidDonnaStricklandmeanwhenshewasaskedhowshefelt?A、ShestillfeltsurprisedwhytherewerefewwomenthathadwontheNobelPrize.B、Shethoughtthatmendeservedtheawardsastheymadegreatcontribution.C、Shenolongerfeltsurprisedastherewerealwaysmoremeninhercareerandlife.D、Shewassurprisedbythefactthatthereweresofewwomeninherworld.标准答案:C知识点解析:细节题。题干:当DonnaStrickland被问及她的感受时,她是什么意思?根据题干关键词“DonnaStrickland”和“howshefelt”定位到文章第二段“StricklandwasonlythethirdfemalephysicisttogetaNobelfollowingMarieCuriein1903andMariaGoeppert.Mayer60yearslater.Whenaskedhowthatfelt,shenotedthatatfirstitwassurprisingtorealizesofewwomenhadwontheaward,‘But,Imean,Idoliveinaworldofmostlymen,soseeingmostlymendoesn’treallyeversurprisemeeither.’(Strickland是继1903年玛丽·居里和60年后的玛丽亚·格佩特_梅耶之后第三位获得诺贝尔奖的女性物理学家。当被问及她的感受时,她指出,起初她很惊讶地发现很少有女性获得这个奖项,‘但是,我的意思是,我确实生活在一个以男性居多的世界里,所以看到大部分男性获得该奖项也不会让我感到惊讶’)”,由此可知,由于在Strickland的工作环境中男性多于女性,所以获得该奖项的男性多于女性不会让她感到很惊讶,,C项“她不再感到惊讶,因为在她的事业和生活中总是男性居多”符合该意思。A项“她仍然对为什么获得诺贝尔奖的女性很少而感到惊讶”,文中说“她起初很惊讶地发现很少有女性获得这个奖项”,但是“后来她对大部分男性获得该奖也不会感到惊讶”,故A项错误。B项“她认为男人应该得到这个奖项,因为他们做出了巨大的贡献”,文中并没有提及,故B项错误。D项“她感到惊讶的是,她的世界中女性很少”,文中提到她意识到在自己的周围男性居多,但是这一点并没有让她惊讶,故D项错误。故本题选C。2、Whydoestheauthorthinkthatbiasismostseriousinfieldswheretherearemostlymen?A、Becausewomeninthesefieldsdonothavewomenrolemodels.B、Becausethesefieldsneedmoremenwhohasmorepowerandmoreexpertise.C、Becausemeninthesefieldsusuallyhavehigherpositions.D、Becausetherearen’tenoughwomenthatcanstandupforthemselvesinthegroup.标准答案:D知识点解析:细节题。题干:为什么作者认为偏见在男性居多的领域最为严重?根据题干关键词“bias”定位到文章第四段中的“Biasismostintenseinfieldsthatarepredominantlymalewherewomenlackacriticalmassofrepresentationandareoftenviewedastokensoroutsiders.(偏见在以男性为主的领域最为强烈,在这些领域,女性代表没有达到临界数量,通常被视为象征或局外人)”。理解此句话的关键在于criticalmass“临界数量”,临界数量指的是达到一定的数量能使某事发生或继续,所以本句话是说在这些女性代表数量不足、男性占主导的领域,偏见会更加强烈,故D项“因为在这些群体中,女性代表数量不足以至于她们不能捍卫自己”正确。A项“因为这些领域的女性没有女性榜样”,B项“因为这些领域需要更多拥有更多权力和专业知识的男性”和C项“因为通常在这些领域男性的地位更高”在文章中均没有提及,故排除。故本题选D。3、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?A、FemalesavoidchoosingSTEMfields,becausetheythinktheyarelesscapable.B、WomenhavestartedpursuingSTEMmajorsincollegesandincareer.C、Theincreaseofwomenworkersisnotthecaseincomputerandmathematicalscience.D、Educationhasplayedahelpfulroleinchangingpeople’sstereotypes.标准答案:A知识点解析:细节题。题干:根据文章,以下哪一项表述是不正确的?答案需要选择与文中内容不符的选项,该题可根据选项中的关键词定位文章,然后采用排除法作答。A项“女性避免选择科学、技术、工程和数学领域,因为她们认为自己能力不足”,关键词是avoidchoosingSTEMfields,定位到文章第五段中的“StudiesshowthatgirlsandwomenavoidSTEMeducationnotbecauseofcognitiveinability,butbecauseofearlyexposureandexperiencewithSTEM,educationalpolicy,culturalcontext,stereotypesandalackofexposuretorolemodels.(研究表明,女孩和妇女避免接受STEM教育不是因为认知能力低下,而是由于受早期对STEM的接触和经历、教育政策、文化背景、固有观念及缺乏与榜样的接触等影响)”,由此可知,女性回避STEM是因为固有观念、教育政策、文化背景等原因,而不是能力不足,A项表述错误。B项“女性已经开始在大学和职业生涯中追求STEM专业”,关键词是pursuingSTEMmajorsincolleges,定位到倒数第三段中的“WomenareincreasinglylikelytoexpressaninterestinSTEMcareersandpursueSTEMmajorsincollege.(女性越来越多地表达对STEM职业的兴趣,并在大学里攻读STEM专业)”,B项正确。C项“在计算机和数学科学中,女性工作者(的数量)并没有像其他领城一样增加”,关键词incomputerandmathematicalscience,定位到倒数第三段中的“Womennowmakeuphalformoreofworkersinpsychologyandsocialsciencesandareincreasinglyrepresentedinthescientificworkforce,thoughcomputerandmathematicalsciencesareanexception.(现在,女性的数量在心理学和社会科学领城中占一半或更多,并且将来会越来越多,尽管在计算机和数学科学领域并非这样)”,由此可知,在计算机和数学科学领城中女性占比依旧很少,C项正确。D项“教育在改变人们的固有观念方面发挥了有益的作用”,关键词是changingpeople’sstereotypes.,通过同义替换counteringthesestereotypes定位到第六段第一句“Forthepastseveraldecades,effortstoimprovetherepresentationofwomeninSTEMfieldshavefocusedoncounteringthesestereotypeswitheducationalreformsandindividualprograms…在过去几十年里,提高妇女在STEM领域代表性的努力侧重于通过教育改革和个人项目来消除这些固有观念……)”结合下一段第一句可知,这种方式是起作用的,也就是教育改革等方式使人们的固有观念得到了一定的改变,D项正确。因为本题要求选表达不正确的选项,故本题选A。4、Accordingtothepassage,thebarrierswomenfaceinacademicSTEMcareersincludethefollowingEXCEPT________.A、theyareisolatedinnetworkingandsocialopportunitiesB、theyarereceivinglesspaythantheirmalecolleaguesC、theyarelesslikelytogetpromotedeventheyaremorecapableD、theyhavetotakemoreresponsibilitiesathome标准答案:A知识点解析:细节题。题干:根据文章,女性在STEM学术职业生涯中面临的障碍包括以下几种,除了______。答案需要选择文中未体现的内容,该题也可采用排除法作答。根据题干关键词academic,barrier,career定位到倒数第一段和倒数第二段。根据“genderpaygap(性别收入差距)”可知B项“她们的工资比她们的男同事低”正确。根据“thestructureofacademicscienceoftenmakesitdifficultforwomentogetaheadintheworkplace”(学术科学的结构常常使女性难以在职场中获得晋升)可知C项“她们尽管更有能力,但晋升较难”正确。根据“Thestricturesofthetenure-trackprocesscanmakemaintainingwork-lifebalance,respondingtofamilyobligations,andhavingchildrenortakingfamilyleavedifficult…(终身制的约束使女性在平衡工作与生活、承担家庭责任、生儿育女或请探亲假等方面变得更难……)”可知,女性难以平衡工作与生活,是因为女性需要承担文中提到的这些责任,故D项“她们在家里要承担更多的责任”正确。A项“她们无法接触到网络,没有社交机会”,文中并未提及,故A项错误。综合以上分析,故本题选A。5、Whatisthemainideathattheauthorintendstoconveythroughthearticle?A、TheNobelPrizeawardshaveneglectedwomen’scontributioninscience.B、Womenhavebeenworkinghardtoseekmoreequalityinsciencework.C、WomenhavebeenfacingbarriersinSTEMbutaregainingmoreattention.D、Educationhastoputmoreefforttocultivatewomenscientists.标准答案:C知识点解析:主旨题。题干:通过文章,作者想要表达的主旨是什么?通读文章,把握全文的主旨。本文首先根据Strickland对自己成为继1903年玛丽·居里和60年后玛丽亚·格佩特_梅耶之后第三位获得诺贝尔奖的女性物理学家的感想来引出文章的话题,Strickland表示在自己的研究领域中男性居多,因此对男性获奖多并不惊讶,接着文章分析了偏见在以男性为主的领域最为强烈的原因,女性避免接受科学、技术、工程和数学相关教育的原因,提高女性在科技教育领域代表性的方法和这些方法取得的效果,以及女性在科学、技术、工程和数学相关职业中面临的障碍。由此可知,女性在科学,技术、工程和数学领域中面临障碍,但是这一现象在逐渐好转,这些领域中的女性在逐渐增多,C项“女性在STEM领城一直面临障碍,但是目前正在获得越来越多的关注”符合本文主题。A项“诺贝尔奖忽略了女性在科学领域的贡献”,明显表述错误,诺贝尔奖并没有忽略女性的贡献,只是在STEM领域工作的女性太少;B项“女性一直在努力,以便在科学工作中寻求更多平等”,在文章中没有明显体现;D项“加强教育,培养更多的女科学家”,是对文章的片面概括,故排除。综合以上分析,故本题选C。Manypeoplethinkofinternalcontrolasameansofsafeguardingcashandpreventingfraud.Althoughinternalcontrolisanimportantfactorinprotectingassetsandpreventingfraud,thisisonlyapartofitsroles.Rememberthatbusinessdecisionsarebasedonaccountingdataandthesystemofinternalcontrolprovidesassuranceofthedependabilityoftheaccountingdatausedinmakingdecisions.Thedecisionsmadebymanagementarecommunicatedthroughouttheorganizationandbecomecompanypolicy.Theresultsofthepolicies—theconsequencesofmanagerialdecisions—mustbereportedbacktomanagementsothatthesoundnessofcompanypoliciescanbeevaluated.Amongthemeansofcommunicationincludedinthesystemofinternalcontrolareorganizationcharts,manualsofaccountingpoliciesandprocedures,flowcharts,financialforecasts,purchaseorders,receivingreports,invoices,andotherdocuments.Thetermdocumentationreferstoallthecharts,forms,reports,andotherbusinesspapersthatguideanddescribetheworkingofacompany'ssystemofaccountingandinternalcontrol.Internalcontrolsfallintotwomajorclasses:administrativecontrolsandaccountingcontrols.Administrativecontrolsaremeasuresthatincreaseoperationalefficiencyandcompliancewithpoliciesinallpartsoforganization.Forexample,anadministrativecontrolmaybearequirementthattravelingsalespersonssubmitreportsshowingthenumberofcallsmadeoncustomerseachday.Anotherexampleisadirectiverequireairlinepilotstohaveregularmedicalexaminations.Theseinternaladministrativecontrolshavenodirectbearingonthereliabilityofthefinancialstatements.Consequently,administrativecontrolsarenotofdirectinterestonaccountantsandindependentauditors.Internalaccountingcontrolsaremeasuresthatrelatetoprotectionofassetsandtothereliabilityofaccountingandfinancialreports.Anexampleistherequirementthatapersonwhosedutiesinvolvehandlingcashshallnotalsomaintainaccountingrecords.Morebroadlystated,theaccountingfunctionmustbekeptseparatefromthecustodyofassets.Anotheraccountingcontrolistherequirementthatchecks,purchaseorders,andotherdocumentsbeseriallynumbered.Stillanotherexampleistherulethatapersonwhoordersmerchandiseandsuppliesshouldnotbetheonetoreceivethemandshouldnotsigncheckstopayforthem.6、Whichoneofthefollowingisnottheroleofinternalcontrol?A、Protectingassets.B、Improvingthesenseofresponsibilityofemployees.C、Preventingfraud.D、Providinghelpformakingdecisions.标准答案:B知识点解析:细节题。第一段第二句“Althoughinternalcontrolisanimportantfactorinprotectingassetsandpreventingfraud,thisisonlyapartofitsroles.”提到A、C。最后一句中“thesystemofinternalcontrolprovidesassuranceofthedependabilityoftheaccountingdatausedinmakingdecisions”表示内部控制也在决策方面发挥作用。只有B项,提高员工责任感没有在文中体现出来。7、Theresultsofmanagerialdecisionsmustbereportedbacktomanagementsothat________canbeevaluated.A、thelevelofperformanceinalldivisionsofthecompanyB、themeansofcommunicationC、theeffectivenessofcompanypoliciesD、thefinancialreports标准答案:C知识点解析:细节题。定位第二段第二句“Theresultsofthepolicies—theconsequencesofmanagerialdecisions—mustbereportedbacktomanagementsothatthesoundnessofcompanypoliciescanbeevaluated.”,句意为公司管理决策的结果要反馈给管理层,以便评估公司政策的完好性。C项是对句子中的thesoundnessofcompany的同义转换。8、________arenotthemeansofcommunicationincludedinthesystemofinternalcontrols.A、OrganizationchartsB、ManualsofaccountingpoliciesandproceduresC、FinancialforecastsD、Accountingrules标准答案:D知识点解析:细节题。定位第二段第三句“Amongthemeansofcommunicationincludedinthesystemofinternalcontrolareorganizationcharts,manualsofaccountingpoliciesandprocedures,flowcharts,financialforecasts,purchaseorders,receivingreports,invoices,andotherdocuments.”,这句话交代了内部控制包括的沟通方式,其中A、B、C三项在句子里都有体现。9、Anairlinepilothavingregularmedicalexaminationsisanexampleof______.A、externalcontrolsB、administrativecontrolsC、internalaccountingcontrolsD、internalfinancialcontrols标准答案:B知识点解析:细节题。根据题干,定位第三段。第三段第一句交代内部控制主要分为两种,一是管理上的控制,二是财务上的控制。接下来整段叙述的都是对管理控制的理解,文中对飞行员的举例也是为了解释管理控制而存在的。10、Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofinternalaccountingcontrols?A、Atravelingsalespersonisrequiredtopresentreportsshowingthenumberofcallsmadeoncustomers.B、Apersonisrequiredtohandlecashandanotheronetomaintainaccountingrecords.C、Apersonisrequiredtokeepthecustodyofassetaswellasaccountingrecords.D、Apersonisrequiredtoordermerchandiseandsuppliesandtoreceivethemaswell.标准答案:B知识点解析:细节题。关于财务控制的内容在最后一段。财务控制是保护公司财产和保证财务报告可靠性的手段,接下来的举例也是围绕这个主旨。B项,Apersonisrequiredtohandlecashandanotheronetomaintainaccountingrecords,是对第二句“Anexampleistherequirementthatapersonwhosedutiesinvolvehandlingcashshallnotalsomaintainaccountingrecords.”的同义转换,即现金和账目的保管不能由同一个人负责。Anartificial"tongue"whichcantastesubtledifferencesbetweenwhiskiescanhelptacklethecounterfeitalcoholtrade,accordingtoengineers.Theyhavebuiltatinytasterwhichexploitsthepropertiesofgoldandaluminiumtotestdifferencesbetweenthespirits.Thetechnologycanpickuponthesubtlerdistinctionsbetweenthesamewhiskyagedindifferentbarrels.Itcantellthedifferencebetweenwhiskiesagedfor12,15and18years.Engineerssaythetongue"tasted"thedifferenceswithgreaterthan99%accuracy.AlasdairClark,oftheUniversityofGlasgow'sschoolofengineering,said:"Wecallthisanartificialtonguebecauseitactssimilarlytoahumantongue—likeus,itcan'tidentifytheindividualchemicalswhichmakecoffeetastedifferenttoapplejuicebutitcaneasilytellthedifferencebetweenthesecomplexchemicalmixtures.""We'renotthefirstresearcherstomakeanartificialtongue,butwe'rethefirsttomakeasingleartificialtonguethatusestwodifferenttypesofnanoscalemetal'tastebuds',whichprovidesmoreinformationaboutthe'taste'ofeachsampleandallowsafasterandmoreaccurateresponse.Hesaidthetonguecouldbeusedto"taste"virtuallyanyliquid—notjustwhisky.Dr.Clarkadded:"Inadditiontoitsobviouspotentialforuseinidentifyingcounterfeitalcohols,itcouldbeusedinfoodsafetytesting,qualitycontrol,security—reallyanyareawhereaportable,reusablemethodoftastingwouldbeuseful."Whiskywaspouredoverachequerboardpatternofthetwometals—whichactas"tastebuds"—andresearchersthenmeasuredhowtheyabsorbedlightwhilesubmerged.Subtledifferenceswhichwerehighlightedontheartificialtongueallowedtheteamtoidentifydifferenttypesofthespirits.TheteamusedthetonguetosampleaselectionofwhiskiesfromGlenfiddich,GlenMarnochandLaphroaig.ResearchwasconductedbyengineersandchemistsfromtheuniversitiesofGlasgowandStrathclyde.Theirpaper,titled"Whiskytastingusingabimetallicnanoplasmonictongue",ispublishedinNanoscale.11、Whatisthe"artificialtongue"actually?A、Amachineforfoodsafetytesting.B、Twotastebuds.C、Achequerboardpatternmadeofgoldandaluminum.D、Alargebarrel.标准答案:C知识点解析:细节题。题干:“人造舌头”实际上是什么?文章第六段中提到“we’rethefirsttomakeasingleartificialtonguethatusestwodifferenttypesofnanoscalemetal‘tastebuds’(我们是第一个用两种不同类型的纳米金属‘味蕾’制造出单一人造舌头的研究人员)”,由此可知“人造舌头”由金属制成;之后在倒数第五段又出现了相关描述“Whiskywaspouredoverachequerboardpatternofthetwometals(威士忌被倒在这两种金属的棋盘状图案上)”,由此可知“人造舌头”是棋盘状图案;再返回前文第二段“Theyhavebuiltatinytasterwhichexploitsthepropertiesofgoldandaluminiumtotestdifferencesbetweenthespirits”,由此可知“人造舌头”的制造涉及金和铝两种金属。故C项符合文意。A项“用于食品安全检测的机器”,根据文章内容可知,食品安全检测是这种“人造舌头”的其中一种用处,A项错误。B项“两个味蕾”,根据第六段中的“we’rethefirsttomakeasingleartificialtonguethatusestwodifferenttypesofnanoscalemetal’tastebuds’”可知,“人造舌头”使用的是两种金属,而不是两个味蕾,B项错误。D项“一个大桶”明显与文章描述不符。故本题选C。12、Howdoresearchersusethe"artificialtongue"totastesubtledifferencesbetweenwhiskies?A、Bytastebuds.B、Byidentifyingchemicals.C、Bythe"taste"ofeachsample.D、Bythewaytoabsorblightwhensubmerged.标准答案:D知识点解析:细节题。题干:研究人员如何使用“人造舌头”来品尝威士忌之间的细微差别?该题的关键词是subtledifferences,根据关键词定位到文章倒数第四段,结合文章结构可知前一段描述的就是判断细微差别的方法。倒数第五段给出的方法是“Whiskywaspouredoverachequerboardpatternofthetwometals—whichactas‘tastebuds’—andresearchersthenmeasuredhowtheyabsorbedlightwhilesubmerged.(研究人员将威士忌倒在这两种金属构成的棋盘图案上,然后测量它们浸没时吸收光线的情况)”,由此可知研究人员是通过“味蕾”在被威士忌浸没时吸收光线的情况判定威士忌之间的细微差别,D项“通过浸没时吸收光线的情况”为本题正确答案。A项“通过味蕾”,“人造舌头”并不是真的拥有味蕾这一构造,故排除。B项“通过辨别化学物质”,在文章第五段中就提到“人造舌头”并不能辨别单个的化学物质,故排除。C项“通过每个样品的‘味道’”,并不是文章给出的确切的科学解释,故排除。故本题选D。13、Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?A、Researchwasconductedwiththesupportoftwouniversities.B、Scientistshavedonealotofattemptstoinventsuchartificial"tongue".C、Artificial"tongue"workstoidentifycrucialindividualchemicals.D、Artificial"tongue"hassurpassed99%successtotastedifferencesbetweenwhiskies.标准答案:C知识点解析:细节题。题干:下列哪项叙述是错误的?此类题目要求选出与文章内容不符的选项,可结合排除法。A项“这项研究是在两所大学的支持下进行的”,根据文章倒数第二段“ResearchwasconductedbyengineersandchemistsfromtheuniversitiesofGlasgowandStrathclyde.(这项研究是由Glasgow大学和Strathclyde大学的工程师和化学家进行的)”可知A项正确。B项“科学家们已经做了很多尝试来发明这种人造‘舌头’”,根据第六段第一句“We’renotthefirstresearcherstomakeanartificialtongue.(我们不是第一批制造人造舌头的研究人员)”,可推断已经有很多科学家尝试制造人造舌头,故B项符合原文意思。C项“人造‘舌头’的作用是识别关键的单个化学物质”,选项关键词为individualchemicals,根据关键词定位到第五段“Wecallthisanartificialtonguebecauseitactssimilarlytoahumantongue—likeus,itcan’tidentifytheindividualchemicalswhichmakecoffeetastedifferenttoapplejuicebutitcaneasilytellthedifferencebetweenthesecomplexchemicalmixtures.(我们称它为人造舌头,因为它的功能与我们人类的舌头类似,它不能识别使咖啡尝起来不同于苹果汁的个别化学物质,但它可以很容易地分辨出这些复杂的化学混合物)”,由此可知C项错误。D项“人造舌头品尝出不同的威士忌的成功率已经超过99%”,根据选项中的关键数字99%定位到第四段第二句"Engineerssaythetongue’tasted’thedifferenceswithgreaterthan99%accuracy.(工程师们说,人造舌头品尝出差异的准确率超过99%)”,由此可知D项正确。综上所述,A、B、D三项表述均与文章内容相符,只有C项表述有误。故本题选C。14、Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A、Howscientistsinventartificial"tongue".B、Scientistssuccessfullyfindmethodstotastesubtledifferencesbetweenwhiskies.C、Anartificial"tongue"totacklecounterfeitalcohol.D、Methodstoachievefoodsafetytesting.标准答案:C知识点解析:主旨题。题干:这篇文章主要讲了什么?通读全文可知,文章通篇都在围绕artificialtongue展开,第一段就开门见山地指出人造舌头这项技术能帮助识别不同威士忌之间的细微差别,从而打击假酒交易;紧接着下文分别介绍了“人造舌头”这个名称的来源,它的工作原理、功能研究者等,由此可知C项“一种用来应对假酒的人造‘舌头’”最能概括文章内容。A项“科学家如何发明人造舌头”,文章中并未提及相关内容,A项错误。B项“科学家成功地找到了品尝威士忌之间细微差别的方法”,这只是在陈述一个事实,即科学家通过发明“人造舌头”来鉴定威士忌之间的细微差别,但没有涉及文章的关键词artificialtongue,不具有概括意义,B项错误。D项“实现食品安全检测的方法”,食品安全检测只是“人造舌头”的功能之一,是文章的一个细节,并不能概括文章主要内容,且D项中methods为复数,而文章中只提到了人造舌头这一项发明,没有列出多个食品安全检测方法,D项错误。故本题选C。15、Whatisthepurposeofinventingthe"artificialtongue"?A、Identifydifferenttypesofthespirits.B、Distinguishingfakealcohols.C、Exploitingthepropertiesofgoldandaluminium.D、Tastingsubtledifferencesbetweenwhiskies.标准答案:B知识点解析:推断题。题干:发明人造舌头的目的是什么?A项“识别烈酒的不同种类”,文章倒数第四段指出“Subtledifferenceswhichwerehighlightedontheartificialtongueallowedtheteamtoidentifydifferenttypesofthespirits.(人造舌头上突出的细微差异使研究团队能够识别烈酒的不同种类)”,这是“人造舌头”其中一种作用,不是目的,A项错误。B项“鉴别假酒”,文章第一段指出“Anartificial’tongue’whichcantastesubtledifferencesbetweenwhiskiescanhelptacklethecounterfeitalcoholtrade(能够鉴别威士忌之间细微差别的人造舌头能够帮助打击假酒交易)”,由此可以看出发明“人造舌头”的目的是帮助鉴别假酒、打击假酒交易;且文章第八段提到“Inadditiontoitsobviouspotentialforuseinidentifyingcounterfeitalcohols,itcouldbeusedinfoodsafetytesting,qualitycontrol,security(除了在鉴别假酒方面有明显的潜力外,还可用于食品安全检测、质量控制、安全保障等方面)”,由此可知鉴别假酒也是人造舌头的重要功能。由此可以推断“人造舌头”之所以会被发明,是想通过鉴别不同酒之间的细微差异这一手段来识别假酒,打击假酒交易。B项符合文意。C项“开发金和铝的特性”,文章并没有提到开发金和铝的特性。C项错误。D项“品尝威士忌的细微差别”,结合全文内容来看,发明“人造舌头”来鉴别威士忌之间的细微差别,这只是一种方式或手段,其根本目的还是为了帮助打击假酒交易。D项与A项本质一样,故排除。故本题选B。Q:CanIgetajoboutsideofmycollegedegree?A:Youcanabsolutelyshiftcareerpaths!I'veseenthissuccessfullydonetimeandtimeagain.Thefactthatyouareearningyourdegreespeaksvolumes.Employerswillwanttoknowwhatdegreeyouearnedandwhatyoustudied,butasarecruiter,I'dbemorefocusedonthetypesofinternshipsyou'vetaken,yourskillsandexperiences(studyabroadcounts,aswell).Subjectmattercounts,too.Soifyou'repassionateaboutpsychologyandcanfitinpsychologyclasses,goforit.(Iactuallymajoredinpsychology!)Iknewatthetimethatunderstandingpeoplewouldbeavaluableassettohaveduringeverystageofmylife—bothbusinessandpersonal.AsaformerBig4recruiter,Iwasonlyabletointernallyrecruitcandidatesforcertainpositionsiftheyhadadegreeinaccounting.Iftheyearnedadegreeinbusinessoreconomics,Iwasnotabletohirethem.So,itcanhelpifyoucanworkbackwardsandbeginwiththeendinmind.Forexample,ifyouwanttoeventuallypursueacareerincommunications,startlookingatjobopeningstodeterminewhattypeofdegreethejobsrequire.16、What’sthespeaker’sattitudetowardsworkingoutsideofone’sdegree?A、Thespeakerfocusesmoreonone’sinternshipexperienceratherthanthedegree.B、Thespeakerencouragespeopletoworkoutsideofone’sdegree.C、Thespeakerthinksitisnotwisetochooseacareerthatisnotrelatedtoone’sdegree.D、Thespeakerconsidersitriskytoworkoutsideofone’sdegree.标准答案:A知识点解析:态度题。题干:演讲者(即作者)对从事与大学文凭无关的工作持什么态度?文章第三段首句点明所得文凭是能够说明一些事情的(Thefactthatyouareearningyourdegreespeaksvolumes),but一词转折,表明作者是持不同的想法的,即“…butasarecruiter,I’dbemorefocusedonthetypesofinternshipsyou’vetaken,yourskillsandexperiences(但作为一名招聘人员,我更关注的是应聘者的实习经历技能和经验)”,由此可知,相比一个人的文凭而言,作者认为应聘者更关注的是人们的实习经历,A项“演讲者更注重一个人的实习经历,而不是文凭”正确。文章第一段提出问题:我能找到一份与大学文凭无关的工作吗?第二段明确给出答案:你绝对可以改变职业道路!由此可知,作者对从事与大学文凭无关的工作是持积极态度的。但这并不表明作者鼓励人们去从事与自己所学无关的工作。B项“演讲者鼓励人们从事与所获文凭无关的工作”不符合文意,C项“演讲者认为选择与所获文凭无关的职业是不明智的”与文章意思相悖,故排除。D项“演讲者认为从事与所获文凭无关的工作是有风险的”在文中没有提及,故排除。故本题选A。17、Whichofthefollowingapproachestogettingtheidealjobisrecommendedbythespeaker?A、Toapplyforone’sdreamjobdirectly.B、Tochangeone’smajor.C、Tounderstandpeople.D、Totakeclassesrelatedtothejob.标准答案:D知识点解析:推断题。题干:演讲者(即作者)建议采用下列哪种方式来获得一份理想的工作?文章没有直截了当地阐述,需要在理解文章内容、把握文章结构的基础上选择正确答案。最后一段指出,作者之前作为四大会计师事务所的招聘人员,内部招聘时只招聘具有会计文凭的人,而不选择获得商业或者经济文凭的人。所以在文章最后,作者通过举例给出建议:“Forexample,ifyouwanttoeventuallypursueacareerincommunications,startlookingatjobopeningstodeterminewhattypeofdegreethejobsrequire.(例如,如果你最终想在通信领域发展,那就开始寻找工作机会来确定这份工作需要什么样的文凭)”,言下之意也就是建议应聘者去学习与工作有关的课程。因此D项“参加与工作相关的课程”为正确选项。A项“直接申请理想的工作”和B项“更换专业”,在文中均未提及,故排除。C项“理解他人”,根据选项内容定位至文章第三段最后一句“Iknewatthetimethatunderstandingpeoplewouldbeavaluableassettohaveduringeverystageofmylife—bothbusinessandpersonal.(我当时就知道,无论是在工作上还是在个人生活的各个阶段,理解他人都是一笔宝贵的财富)”,由此可知“理解他人”只是作者的体会和感悟,并非给应聘者的工作建议,故排除。综上所述,本题选D。18、Thephrase"speaksvolumes"inthethirdparagraphcouldbereplacedby_________.A、providesalotofinformationB、meansnothingC、provessomethingD、helpsalot标准答案:A知识点解析:含义题。题干:第三段中的短语“speaksvolumes”可以被以下替代?该题可结合排除法做出选择。根据关键词speaksvolumes定位到文章第三段“Thefactthatyouareearningyourdegreespeaksvolumes.Employerswillwanttoknowwhatdegreeyouearnedandwhatyoustudied…(你获得文凭的事实______。雇主会想知道你获得了什么文凭、学习了什么专业……)”,由此可知文凭是有意义的,能说明一些东西,B项“没有任何意义”错误,故排除。根据第三段转折连词but后的内容“butasarecruiter,I’dbemorefocusedonthetypesofinternshipsyou’vetaken,yourskillsandexperiences(但作为一名招聘人员,我更关注的是应聘者的实习经历、技能和经验)”,可知文凭对于像作者这样的招聘人员来说不是那么重要,他们更注重实习经历。由此可知D项“有很大帮助”不符合文意,故排除。根据第三段内容可知,通过所获文凭可以了解一个人学习了什么专业、学习了什么课程,以及最终获得了什么文凭。由此可知所获文凭能给雇主或者招聘人员提供很多信息,因而可推断出“speaksvolumes”的含义为“提供很多信息”,故A项“提供大量信息”为正确答案。C项“证明一些东西”,文凭能够提供关于所学专业和课程等相关信息,但不能说是证明了这些信息,故排除。综上所述,本题选A。Therearethreecountriesthathavesentspacecrafttothemoon,theU.S.,Russiaandthethirdwhichsoftlandedarovertherebackin2013isChina.ButChinahopestobecomethefirstcountrytoexplorethedarksideofthemoonorthefarside.ThepartneverfacesEarth.Chinahasamissionplanthisyear,thoughalaunchdatehasn'tbeenannouncedyet.Oneproblemwithexploringthedarksideofthemoonisthatthere'snoeasywaytocommunicatewithwhateverkindofvehiclepeopleputthere.ThemoonitselfwouldblockanysignalscomingfromEarth.Sotoaddressthat,Chinalaunchedasatelliteearlierthisyearthatwillhangoutinthemoon'sorbitactinglikearelaystationbetweentheEarthandthenewroverthatChina'splanningtosendtothemoonlaterthisyear.Thecountryisarelativelylateentryintospaceexploration.Chinadidn'tsenditsfirstsatelliteintoorbituntil1970.Butoverrecentdecades,it'sfunneledbillionsofdollarsintospaceresearch.It'shopingtoultimatelysetupabaseonthemoonthat'srunbyrobots.Andit'salsosettingitssightsonMars.Chinaishopingtosendsomespacecraftstherestartingin2020.19、Whichcountryhasn’tsentspacecrafttothemoon?A、Russia.B、China.C、TheUnitedStates.D、TheUnitedKingdom.标准答案:D知识点解析:细节题。题干:哪个国家没有把宇宙飞船送上月球?该题要求选出“没有”向月球发射宇宙飞船的国家,可结合排除法得到答案。该题关键词为sentspacecraft,根据题干关键词定位到“Therearethreecountriesthathavesentspacecrafttothemoon,theU.S..,Russiaandthethirdwhichsoftlandedarovertherebackin2013isChina.”(有三个国家向月球发射了宇宙飞船,美国、俄罗斯和第三个国家——于2013年把月球探测车软着陆在月球的中国)。由此可知,向月球发射了宇宙飞船的三个国家分别是美国、俄罗斯和中国。文中没有提到英国向月球发射宇宙飞船。故本题选D。20、Whyisitnoteasytoexplorethedarksideofthemoon?A、ThedarksideisthefarthestpartfromtheEarth.B、ThemoonwillblockanysignalscomingfromEarth.C、ThedarksideneverfacesEarth.D、Havetolaunchasatellitethatwillhangoutinthemoon’sorbit.标准答案:B知识点解析:细节题。题干;为什么探索月球的背面并非易事?根据题干关键词noteasy,thedarksideofthemoon定位到"Oneproblemwithexploringthedarksideofthemoonisthatthere’snoeasywaytocommunicatewithwhateverkindofvehiclepeopleputthere.ThemoonitselfwouldblockanysignalscomingfromEarth.(探索月球背面的一个问题是,和人类放置在月球背面的任何月球探测车进行联系并非易事。月球自身会屏蔽来自地球的任何信号)”,由此可知,人类探索月球背面比较困难的原因是月球会屏蔽来自地球的信号。故B项符合文意。A项“月球背面是离地球最远的地方”,在文中没有依据,故排除。C项“月球背面从不面对地球”,根据文章可知,这并非人类探索月球背面比较困难的原因,故排除。D项“必须发射

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