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Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldTheValueofScienceTheValueofScienceWhoisRichardFeynman?Americanphysicistwhopredictedthefutureofnanotechnology(纳米技术),andimprovedthescientificunderstandingofthenatureofwavesandparticlesandtheinteractionsoflightandmatter.
HewonNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1965.
WhenIwasyounger,Ithoughtsciencewouldmakegoodthingsforeverybody.Itwasobviouslyuseful;itwasgood.ButthenduringthewarIworkedontheatomicbomb.Thisresultofsciencewasobviouslyveryserious—itrepresentedthedestructionofpeopleanditputourfutureatrisk.Ihadtoaskmyself,“Istheresomeevilinvolvedinscience?"
Putanotherway,
whatisthevalueofthescienceIhadlongdevotedmyselfto—thethingIhadloved—whenIsawwhatterriblethingsitcoulddo?ItwasaquestionIhadtoanswer.Ithoughtlongandhardaboutthisquestion,andIwilltrytoansweritinthistalk.Para.1-2Whatquestionisraised?Whatcausedthespeaker’sconcernaboutquestion?
Thefirstwayinwhichscienceisofvalueisfamiliartoeveryone:scientificknowledgeenablesustodoandmakeallkindsofthings.Ofcourse,ifwemakegoodthings,itisnotonlytothecreditofscience;itisalsotothecreditofthemoralchoicewhichledustogoodwork.
Scientificknowledgeisanenablingpowertodoeithergoodorbad-butitdoesnotcarryinstructionsonhowtoapplyit.Suchpowerhasobviousvalue—eventhoughthepowermaybenegatedbywhatonedoeswithit.Value1:____________________________________
Accordingtotheauthor,whatcontriutetothegoodthingswemade?Howisthisvaluerelatedtothequstionatthebeginning?
Value1:enablepeopletodoandmakeallkindsofthingsSuchpowerhasobviousvalue—eventhoughthepowermaybenegatedbywhatonedoeswithit.
Anothervalueofscienceistheintellectualenjoymentitcanprovideuswith.Whenwelookatanyquestiondeeplyenough,wefeeltheexcitementandmysterycomingtousagainandagain.Withmoreknowledgecomesadeeper,morewonderfulmystery,inspiringonetolookdeeperstill.Neverconcernedthattheanswermayletusdown,withpleasureandconfidenceweturnovereachnewstonetofindunimaginedstrangenessleadingontomorewonderfulquestionsandmysteries.
Thankstothescientificeffort,wehavebeenledtoimagineallsortsofthingsmorefantasticthanpoetsanddreamersofthepastevercould.Value2:______________________________
circleoutwordsorphrasesshowingtheenjoymentadeeper,morewonderfulmysteryunimaginedstrangenesswonderfulquestionsandmysteriesimaginingallsortsoffantascticthingsValue2:provideuswithintellectualenjoyment
Iwouldnowliketoturntoathirdvaluethatsciencehas.Thescientisthasalotofexperiencewithignoranceanddoubtanduncertainty,andthisexperienceisofverygreatimportance.Whenascientistdoesn'tknowtheanswertoaproblem,heisignorant.Whenhehasanideaastowhattheresultis,heisuncertain.Andwhenheisprettysureofwhattheresultisgoingtobe,heisstillinsomedoubt.Howdoestheauthorexplainthethreeconcepts(概念)?
Now,wescientiststakeitforgrantedthatitisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow.Butourfreedomtodoubtwasbornoutofadeepandstrongstruggleagainstauthorityintheearlydaysofscience.Inordertoprogress,wemustnotforgettheimportanceofthisstruggle;wemustrecognizeourignoranceandleaveroomfordoubt.Permitustoquestion—todoubt—tonotbesure.
Value3:thefreedomtodoubt
Itisourresponsibilityasscientists,knowingthegreatprogressthatisthefruitoffreedomofthought,todeclarethevalueofthisfreedom;toteachhowdoubtisnottobefearedbuttobewelcomedanddiscussed;andtodemandthisfreedomasourdutytoallcominggenerations.
Whatshouldscientistsdo?
Itisourresponsibilityasscientists,knowingthegreatprogressthatisthefruitoffreedomofthought,todeclarethevalueofthisfreedom;toteachhowdoubtisnottobefearedbuttobewelcomedanddiscussed;andtodemandthisfreedomasourdutytoallcominggenerations.ExpressionsP53itrepresentedthedestructionofpeopleput…atriskbeinvolvedin…putanotherwaybeofvaluebetothecreditofscienceScientificknowledgeisanenablingpowertodoeithergoodorbad.carryinstructionsonhowtoapplyitbenegatedby…intellectualenjoymentWithmoreknowledgecomesadeeper,morewonderfulmystery,inspiringonetolookdeeperstill.Never__________(concern)thattheanswermayletusdownfindunimaginedstrangenessAlotofexperiencewithignoranceanddoubtanduncertainty.
takeitforgranted(that…)Ourfreedomtodoubtwasbornoutofadeepandstrongstruggleagainstauthority.Recognizeourignoranceandleaveroomfordoubt.Permitustoquestion-todoubt-tonotbesure.concerneddeclarethevalueofthisfreedomdemandthisfreedomasourdutytoallcominggenerations.Focusinvolvecreditapplyinvolve=include包含;需要Anyinvestmentinvolvesrisks.Runningyourownbusinessinvolvesworkinglonghours.*involvesth/doingHouseworkinvolvescooking,washingdishedandcleaning.Mostpeopledon'trealizetheamountofeffort________(involve)inwritinganovel.involved(line4)Istheresomeevilinvolvedinscience?Cooking,washingdishedandcleaningareinvolvedinhousework.*sthbeinvolvedininvolve2.=influence牵涉;牵连;影响Thesechangeswillinvolveeveryoneonthelist.Therewasanincidentinvolvingagroupofyouths.Thisincidentreflectsbadlyoneveryoneinvolved.Hewasinvolvedinthatcrime.*be/getinvolvedin…被卷入involve3.tomakesbtakepartinsth(使)参加,加入Teachersshouldtrytheirbesttoinvolvechildrenintheclass.Reillyinvolves
himselfineveryaspectofhiscompany’sbusiness.Parentsshouldgetinvolvedinintheirchild'seducation.Threeteamsareinvolvedinthechaseforthechampionship.*involvesbin(doing)sth使…参加*get/beinvolvedin加入…Webelievethetimeandhardwork____________(involve)incompletingsuchanassignmentareworthwhile.Those____________(involve)and__________(benefit)fromtheillegalbusinessmustbepreparedtostandupandbequestioned."Genius"isacomplicatedconcept,______(involve)manydifferentfactors.Whenusedinwritingclass,themethodcangetstudentsactively____________(involve)inwritingactivities.involvedinvolvedbenefitinginvolvinginvolvedcredit1.approvalorpraise[un.]赞扬;称赞;认可Theynevergivehimanycreditforalltheextraworkhedoes.Wedidalltheworkandshegetsallthecreditforit!Tohiscredit,Jacknevertoldanyonewhathadhappened.*give/get/takecreditfor
sthCreditforthiswingoestoeverybodyintheteam.
*creditgoestosb*toone’scredit/tothecreditofsbifwemakegoodthings,itisnotonlytothecreditofscience;itisalsotothecreditofthemoralchoicewhichledustogoodworkcredit2.delayedpayment[un.]赊购;赊欠1)What'sthecreditlimit
onyourVisacard?2)Mostnewcarsarebought____credit.oncreditcardThecreditsinafilm Thiscoursecountsasonecredittowardsyourdegree.cn.演职人员表cn.学分creditcreditV.tobelieveoradmitthatsomeonehasaquality,orhasdonesomethinggood:认为……有某品质/把……归功于Thecompanyiscreditedwithinventingtheindustrialrobot.Theinventionoftheindustrialrobotiscreditedtothecompany.
*AbecreditedwithB=BbecreditedtoA__________hercredit,shegaveahandtoanoldladyintherain.Hedoesn'tworkhardthisterm,asaresultofwhichhecan'tgetenough_________(credit).MuchofManchesterUnited'ssuccesscanbecredited______theirmanager.Mostnewcarsarebought_______creditbecausetheyareshortoffunds.TheynevergiveGeneanycredit______alltheextraworkhedoes.Tocreditstoonforapply1.[V.]使用,运用Thenewtechnologywasapplied______farming.
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