Unit+2+Natural+Disasters+Grammar+and+usage+非谓语动词讲解高中英语译林版（2020）必修第三册

一个句子当中，已经存在一个谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时，就需要使用非谓语动词。todo不定式动名词分词doing-ed-ingNon-finiteverb主语宾语表语定语状语补语todo

doing

-ed/-ing

01

不定式todo做主语1)ToknowsomethingaboutEnglishisonething;toknowEnglishisquiteanother.2)Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingisnotknownyet.3)It‘simportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.Itis+adj.(easy,difficult,important…)forsb.todosth.Itis+n.(apity,apleasure,one’sduty,ashame…)todosthItis+adj.(kind,nice,generous)ofsb.todosth.(形容人的品质)Ittakes/needs/requires(sb)sometime/hours/months/days/patiencetodosth01

不定式todo做主语主语宾语表语定语状语补语todo

doing

-ed/-ing

02不定式todo做宾语动词不定式作动词宾语Ihavedecidedtostudyengineering.Idon’twanttogoshopping.wishhopeofferdecidetendarrange

promiserefusepretendexpectdareplanagreemanagepreparedesiredetermine

failafford

prefer总结：常用不定式作宾语的动词有：主语宾语表语定语状语补语todo

doing

-ed/-ing

03不定式todo做表语当句子的主语是aim/purpose/intention/plan/wish/decision/choice/job/task/duty等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。Herwishisalawyer.Yourtasktodayisthecurtains.Sheisnextweek.Whattheoldmanlikesistowatchchildrenplay.tobecometowashtoreturn主语宾语表语定语状语补语todo

doing

-ed/-ing

04不定式todo做定语ThetraintoarriveisfromAustralia.MarieCuriewasthefirstpersontoreceiveNobelPrizes.Hehasnotkepthispromisetowritetohisparentsregularly.Threeyearslater,hehadachancetogotoAustralia.不定式做后置定语：(1)表示将来的动作(要做）(2)序数词,形容词最高级或被only,last,next等修饰的名词用不定式作定语。(3)同源词可以带不定式的名词后用不定式修饰，如attempt,decision,promise,plan,ability,determination,anxiety,eagerness等(4)用于抽象名词wish,chance;idea;belief;way;moment;time后04不定式todo做定语Ineedapieceofpaper_____________(write).Thereisnothingtoworry______.Pleasesgivemeaknifetocut_______.不定式做后置定语：如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词,不能省略。towriteonwithabout主语宾语表语定语状语补语todo

doing

-ed/-ing

不定式作状语：1)Shegotupveryearlytocatchupthefirstbus.2)I’mgladtoreceiveyourletter.3)Irushedtotheairport,onlytofindthatJohnhadgone.05不定式todo做状语目的原因结果只有不定式可以作目的状语：06不定式todo做状语soasto.../inorderto.../to...

Shegotupearly(soas)to/(inorder)tocatchupthefirstbus._______________________(avoid)fallingintothesameoldtrapagain,weshouldlearnfrompastmistakes.注意：soasto只能放在句中，不能放在句首。Toavoid/Inordertoavoid不定式作结果状语：06不定式todo做状语常用于enough…to,too…to,so…asto,onlyto…,等。Heissocleverastosolvethisquestion.Sheistootiredtodothejob.Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlytobetoldthathiswifehadlefthim.(onlyto常表示令人意外的结果)不定式作原因状语：06不定式todo做状语在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等形容词后用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。如：sorry,surprised,glad,disappointed,excited,happy等。Iamsosorrytohearyourmotherisill.I’mgladtoseeyoulookingsowell.用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如:tobefrank/honest/exact/brieftobesure tobegin/startwith tomakethingsworsetoconclude tosaynothingof（更不用说，而且还）nottomention

不定式todo插入语主语宾语表语定语状语补语todo

doing

-ed/-ing

06不定式todo做补语1）advise,cause,allow,permit,forbid,ask,beg,encourage,drive,invite,order,force,persuade等动词后用不定式作宾补。

V+sb+(not)todoThedoctorwarnedhim___________(eat)toomuchmeet.nottoeat2)表示见解\看法的动词后用不定式作宾补。believe,consider,declare,discover,feel,find,guess,imagine,judge,Ibelievehim(tobe)anhonestman.Weallconsiderhim(tobe)abrilliantfootballer.06不定式todo做补语3）arrangefor,longfor,waitfor,callon,dependon,relyon,etc.等词组后用不定式作宾补。

v.+sb./sth.+todoWearealllongingforthesummertobeover.Youcan’tdependonhimtoarriveontime.不定式的时态、语态1.不定式的一般形式通常与谓语动作同时(或几乎同时)发生，或是在它之后发生。Wedecidedtoleaveearly.Thistableneedstobecleaned.2.不定式进行式表示动作正在进行Heseemstobesayingsomethingnow.3.不定式完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。

I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Thenovelissaidtohavebeenpublished.

不定式的时态、语态不定式主动形式被动形式一般式完成式进行式todotohavedonetobedoingtobedonetohavebeendone/

非谓语动词的时态、语态---LiMingissaid_________abroad.Doyouknowwhichcountry---Yes,InLondon.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyinghestudiedin?hewillstudyin?heisstudyingin?ABCHepretended____________(sleep)whenhismothercameintohisroom.tobesleeping非谓语动词的时态、语态不定式主动表被动Noneofusistoblameforthat.Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Thismachineisimpossibletorepair.Theairisthintobreathe.easy,difficult,hard,simple,dangerous,convenient,pleasant，interesting,clearShecouldnothelpbut_________(leave)herchildrenathome.cannotchoosebut/cannothelpbut/cannotbutdo

Wehadnochoicebut_____(arrive)late.havenochoice/alternativebuttodoLastnightIdidnothingbut_________(prepare)mylessons.Ithadnoeffectexcept_________(make)himangry.Shewantednothingbut_______(leave)theplace.有do没to；没do有to

不定式todo其他用法主语宾语表语定语状语补语todo

doing

-ed/-ing

01

动名词做主语1.作主语，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语，而把动名词后置。Seeingisbelieving.(眼见为实)Collectingstamps

isagoodhobby.(单个动名词短语作主语时，动词用单数)01

动名词做主语固定句式It’snouse/nogood/greatfundoingsth.It’sawasteoftime/moneydoingsth.Thereisnopoint/nousedoingsth.Thereisnotelling/knowing/denyingthatItisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.It’sawasteoftimeplayinggame.Thereisnopointstudyingwithoutthinking.ThereisnodenyingthatChinaisplayinganimportantpartintheworld.主语宾语表语定语状语补语todo

doing

-ed/-ing

02

动名词做宾语动名词作动词宾语hecouldnotrisklosingthegoodopportunity.Ican’tstandworkingwithJane.admit,appreciate,avoid,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,stand,finish,complete,imagine,fancy,mind,miss,practise,prevent,resist,risk,stop,suggest,keep,consider总结：常用动名词作宾语的动词有：02动名词做宾语动名词作动词宾语Ilookforwardtoseeinghimagain.Heisaddictedtoplayingvideogame.lookforwardto,payattentionto,turnto,getdownto,onone’swayto,devote…to,stickto,objectto,contributeto,leadto,beusedto,can’thelp,feellike,spend/wastetime(in),havedifficulty/trouble/ahardtime(in),befondof,betiredof总结：常用动名词作宾语的动词短语有：02

非谓语动词做宾语注意:某些动词后可用doing,也可用todo作宾语,但意义不同。1)stop/goonIstoppedworkingandlookedathim.Hestoppedtolookathim.2)remember/forget/regretRemembertolockthedoor.Irememberlockingthedoor.3)try/meanItriedknockingatthedoor,butnobodyanswered.IwilltrytoimprovemyEnglish.02

非谓语动词做宾语4)allow/advise/permitWedon’tallow

___________(smoke)

inthehall.Myparentsdon’tallowme

__________(go)

atnight.smokingtogoout主语宾语表语定语状语补语todo

doing

-ed/-ing

03

动名词做表语Hisjobisfolksongs.=Collectingfolksongsishisjob.collectingYourtasktodayis(wash)thecurtains.towash主语宾语表语定语状语补语todo

doing

-ed/-ing

04

动名词做定语动名词可作前置定语，表示所修饰的词的用途或目的，可用for改写swimmingpool,waitingroom,walkingstickaswimmingpool=apoolforswimmingasleepingcar=acarforsleeping动名词的逻辑主语winningofthecompetitionmademanypeoplehappy.Wouldyoumindmovingyourcar?

not

havingseenthemdidnotsurpriseme.Loud

crashes

of

breaking

and

falling

on

the

ground

为动名词添加逻辑主语John’smy/meHisglassthings动名词的时态，语态Heattendedthemeetingwithout_____________(ask).Excusemefor____________________yourletterbefore.没有更早回信请原谅。Shenevertoldmeabouther_________________(interview)bythepolicebefore.她从未告诉我她之前曾接受过警方的采访beingaskednothavingansweredhavingbeeninterviewed主动形式被动形式一般式完成式doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone动名词的时态，语态Itisawasteofmoney

(buy)somethingtheydon’tneed.It'simpolite____you

(speak)totheteacherlikethat.Wecan'timagine

(experience)alltheproblemsinthehealth-caresystem.Ithinkitimpossible_______(solve)theprobleminashorttime.Ididn’tmean

(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp

(try)it.Themostimportantpurposeoffirstaidis_______(save)one’slife.Ourplanis______(set)upanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain_______(catch).IwasthefirstWesternreporter_______(permit)tofilmavideoforpandas.Anypersonpassingbycan'thelp_________(attract)byher.Irushedtotheairport,only_________(tell)thatJohnhadgone.Thestudentwasshocked_______(read)thenurse’snote.Wehadnochoicebut_____(arrive)late.Thenovelissaidto__________(publish)lastyear._________(notinvite)tothepartymadehimangry.Oldpeopleexpect_________(treat)withtherespectduetotheirage.Thevasesarebelieved________(be)worthover$20000each.Hestoodup,sayingthathewasnottheone_________(blame).04

非谓语动词做补语3)感官动词：feel、hear、see、watch、observe、notice被动感官动词主动、全过程（被动还原to）dodoing-ed主动、动作的某瞬间04

非谓语动词做补语3)感官动词：Isawhim_______(make)thephonecall.Isawhim_______(make)aphonecall.Isawhim_______(knock)downbythecar.Isawhim________(beat)byaman.04

非谓语动词做补语4)使役动词：make,have,get,keep,leavemakesb/sth

domakesb/sthdoneBemadetodoHecan'tmakehisEnglish_______(understand).Hewasmade______（finish）thejob.04

非谓语动词做补语4)使役动词：get,leaveget/leavesb/sthtodoget/leavesb/sthdoingget/leavesb/sthdoneHerparentslefther_______(choose)herownfriends.Don’tleavehim________(wait)outsideintherain.I’llgetmybike______(repair)tomorrow.04

非谓语动词做补语4)使役动词：keepsb/sthdoingsb/sthdoneWemustkeepthefire__________(burn).Wemustkeepthefire__________(protect).04

非谓语动