专题08 阅读理解（解析版）-2024-2025初升高衔接资料（新高一暑假学习提升）

专题08阅读理解一、细节理解类（一）明考查方式和考查角度Ⅰ.把握细节理解题的常见设问方式：(1)特殊疑问句形式：以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。(2)填空题形式：通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。(3)就文中数字、排序等提问。Ⅱ.明晰细节理解题的考查角度：(1)高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。(2)低频考点：数字计算题；正误判断题；细节排序题。(二)细节理解题正确选项特征同义替换 指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把loseone'sjob换成了beoutofwork。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important变换成ofimportance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项。(三)细节理解题干扰选项特征张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容。曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。正误参半 部分正确，部分错误。二、推理判断类（一）明确考查特点Ⅰ.把握推理判断题常见的命题方式(1)Wecaninferfromthe(first.../last)passagethat________．(2)Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat______．(3)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______．(4)Themainpurposeofthepassageis________．(5)Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?(6)What'stheauthor'sattitudetowards…?(7)Thewriterdevelopedthepassage/hismainideaby________．(8)Thefirst.../lastparagraphservesasa(n)________．Ⅱ.掌握推理判断题的考查角度(1)高频考点：推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。(2)低频考点：推断下段内容、文章出处、读者对象。(二)推理判断题正确选项特征推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或证据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点，正确选项一般具有以下特征：1．“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。2．选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念。如only,never,all,absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,probably等。(三)推理判断题干扰选项特征1．曲解文意：即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别。推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意思的曲解。2．张冠李戴：即把文章中作者的观点与其他人的观点混淆在一起。题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点；题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。3．偷梁换柱：干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的改变。4．无中生有：这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。5．鱼目混珠：鱼目混珠类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在文章特定语境中的具体含义。6．扩缩范围：为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文意范围的限定，有时通过加上almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually等词语对文意加以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。三、词义猜测类（一）明确考查特点Ⅰ.把握词句猜测题常见的命题方式(1)Thephrase“...”inthesentencecouldbereplacedby________．(2)Theword“...”intheparagraphrefersto______．(3)Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthe...paragraph？/Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?(4)Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase“...”？(5)Theword“...”mostnearlymeans________．(6)Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphimpliesthat________．Ⅱ.掌握词句猜测题的考查角度(1)猜测生词或熟词生义；(2)猜测短语的意义；(3)猜测替代词所替代的内容(如it,one,they,this,that,these,those等)；(4)猜测句意。（二）明确方法技巧（1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测（2）根据同位关系进行猜测（3）根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生、合成等)进行猜测（4）根据因果关系进行猜测（5）根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测（6）根据同义或近义关系进行猜测（7）根据转折或对比关系进行猜测（8）意义吻合定句意四、主旨大意类题型（一）明确考查特点Ⅰ.把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式Whatisthemainideaofthetext?Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?Themainideaofthefirst/second/thirdparagraphis___________.Paragraph1/2/3mainlydealswith___________.Ⅱ.掌握主旨大意题的考查角度主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。（二）明确方法技巧1.阅读文章的标题或副标题文章的标题是一篇文章的题眼，通过阅读标题或副标题可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。2.寻找文章的主题句分析篇章结构，找出文章主题。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过仔细阅读短文的第一句或第二句，即文章的主题句来归纳出文章的主题.若短文由若干段组成，除仔细阅读第一段的首句外，还须仔细阅读每一段的第一句，即段落中心。通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的首句，有时也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用来说明和阐述主题句。因此，在确定文章的中心思想时，要求学生重视阅读文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常贯穿在全文中，因此要求学生综观全文，对段落的内容要融会贯通，对文章透彻理解后归纳总结。主题句的特点是：1.相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括；2.主题句一般结构简单；3.段落中其他句子必定是用来解释，支撑或发展主题句所表达的思想的。五、理清文章结构文章的逻辑结构是文章重要的内在特征，了解篇章段落的逻辑结构对提高阅读理解的准度和速度有着不可估量的作用。因此，在平时的阅读理解训练中要强化领悟段落、篇章结构及行文逻辑内在规律，长此以往，内化于心，潜移默化形成读文的内在“情思”，这个“情思”就是指与文章情感思路一致的、默契的思维流动。具备了这种“情思”，快读、精读文章就达到了一种至高境界。(一)记叙文中的“具体事例型段落”——抓住此事例围绕的观点这种类型的段落整段都在讲具体事例。往往这个事例本身并不重要，而作者是为了证明自己的某个观点才讲了这样一个事例。因此，考生要站在宏观的角度把握这个事例证明了什么观点，或者说明了哪一方面。它的特点就是会有特别具体的描述词，比如某个人名，多次被提到，而且用到的动词也都是一些表示具体动作的动词，而不是观点动词。(二)说明文中的“对比型段落”——分清层次最重要这种段落最常见的就是按时间分类说明或按某一特性分类说明。针对这种段落，要特别留意段落中的过渡词，比如，aboveall,inaddition,finally等等。(三)议论文中的“总分型段落”或“分总型段落”——一定要找到并读懂主旨句“总分型段落”排列在一开始就给出了作者的观点或者要说明的主要内容。后面的大部分都在论证这个观点或者进行细节上的说明。针对这种类型的语篇，考生应该做到细读主旨段落，略读细节段落，以读懂主旨为要务。考生会发现文后的题目大都围绕主旨而命题，而偏离主旨的大都是干扰项，而不是正确答案。“分总型段落”排列在开始和中间都是一些细节型的内容，有时是平行的细节，有时是层层递进，但一直到语篇的最后一段才点出最重要的观点或结论。显然读这种语篇的落脚点应该在结尾处。跟总分型的语篇相比，分总型的语篇有时更耗时间去发现主旨，因此考生们平时做题的时候要多去体会，争取在最短的时间找到主旨。基础题一Doyouknowthatover1/3ofallfoodproducedintheworldgoestowaste?AccordingtotheUnitedNations(UN),everyyeararoundtheworld,aboutonebillion(十亿)tonsoffoodiswasted.Atthesametime,therearenearlyonebillionpeoplewhogohungry.Simply1/4ofthefoodwastedisenoughtokeepthemoutofhunger.Inaddition,thewastedfoodproducesoverthreebilliontonsofcarbondioxide(CO2),whichspeedsupclimate(气候)change.Whatcanwedotosolvethisfoodwasteproblem?Oneeffectivesolutionisbalancingfoodproductionwithdemand(需求).Inhotelsandothersimilarplaces,specialinstrumentsshouldbeusedsothatcookingspecialistsjustprepareandcookfoodasitisordered.Anothereffectivesolutionisstartingprogramstoreduce(减少)foodwaste.Storesandbuyerscantrytheirbesttobecreativeinfoodwastereduction.Forexample,storescanprovidecustomerswithinstructionstellingthemhowtomakefulluseoffood.Buyerscantrynotfixingtheireyesonlyonfoodofthebestquality(质量).Sometimes,thefoodofnon-topqualityisalsogoodenoughtoeat,orcanbeboughtandthenusedtomakedeliciousdishes.Oneofthehardestsolutionstoachieveisforeachandeveryonetobuyandpreparefoodwithaplanoftheirownsothatlessfoodiswasted.Challengingasitis,theuseofmealplansinpreparingfoodcanplayanimportantroleinendingfoodwasteinthefamily.Foodrecyclingisoneoftheknownsolutions.Effortsarenowalreadyinprogress.Foodthatisnotsafeforhumanstoeatisrecycledintootherproductssuchasanimalfeedsandclothing.Yet,thereisstillalongwaytogoandmuchforimprovementinthisarea.Inaword,foodwastehasbeenoneofthebiggestproblemsintheworldthathaveinfluencedusgreatly.Manysolutionshavebeenfoundandmanymoreareyettobeworkedout.Ifeachofuscanputinmoreefforts,foodwasteissuretobereducedforthegoodofourfuture.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapossibleresultoffoodwaste?A.Theproblemofworldwidehunger. B.Abigincreaseinfoodproduction.CThespeed-upofclimatechange. D.Asuddendropinpopulation.2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Foodrecyclinghasbeenhugelysuccessful. B.Buyersshouldgiveupnon-topqualityfood.C.Storesshouldtrainpeopletomakedeliciousdishes. D.Mealplansinthefamilyarehardtoputintopractice.3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Benefitsofreducingfoodwaste. B.Solutionstothefoodwasteproblem.C.Theimportanceoffightingfoodwaste. D.Theattitudetothefoodwasteproblem.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食物浪费的现状以及四个解决食物浪费问题的方法，并得出结论：如果我们每个人都做出努力，食物浪费问题一定会有所改善。1.细节理解题。根据“Inaddition,thewastedfoodproducesoverthreebilliontonsofcarbondioxide(CO2),whichspeedsupclimatechange.”可知食物浪费可能造成的一个结果是气候变化的加速。故选C。2.细节理解题。根据“Oneofthehardestsolutionstoachieveisforeachandeveryonetobuyandpreparefoodwithaplanoftheirownsothatlessfoodiswasted.”可知家庭的膳食计划很难付诸实施。故选D。3.主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Whatcanwedotosolvethisfoodwasteproblem?”以及通读全文可知主要介绍了四种解决食物浪费问题的方法。故选B。二Whenconsideringthekindofexperiencethatmakeslifebetter,mostpeoplefirstthinkthathappinessdependsonexperiencingpleasure:goodfood,goodjobs,allthecomfortsthatmoneycanbuy.Ifwecouldn’thavethese,wemightaswellsitinfrontofthetelevisiononaquietevening.Pleasureisanimportantpartofthequalityoflife,butbyitselfitdoesn’tbringhappiness.Whenpeoplethinkfurtheraboutwhatmakesaworthylife,theytend(倾向于)tomovebeyondpleasantmemoriesandbegintorememberotherevents,otherexperiencesthatoverlap(有重叠)pleasurableonesbutfallintoagroupwithaseparatename:enjoyment.Enjoyableeventstakeplacewhenpeoplehavenotonlysatisfiedaneedormetsomeearlierexpectation,butalsoachievedsomethingunexpected.Enjoymentischaracterizedbyasenseofcuriosity,ofachievement.Playingatennisgamethatimprovesone’sabilityisenjoyable,asisreadingabookthatshowsthingsinanewlight,asishavingaconversationthatleadsustoexpressideaswedidn’tknowwehad.Noneoftheseexperiencesmaybeespeciallypleasurablewhentheyaretakingplace,butwhenwethinkbackonthemafterwards,wewouldsay,“Thatreallywasfun”andwishtheywouldhappenagain.Afteranenjoyableeventweknowthatwehavechanged,andgrown.Experiencesthatgivepleasurecanalsogiveenjoyment,butthetwofeelingsarequitedifferent.Forexample,everybodytakespleasureineating.However,toenjoysfoodismoredifficult—youhavetopayenoughattentiontoameal,soastosenseandtellitsvarioustastes.Asthisexamplesuggests,wecanexperiencepleasurewithoutanypsychicenergy,whileenjoymenthappensonlyasaresultoffullattention.Apersoncanfeelpleasurewithoutanyeffort,aslongascertainpartsinhisbrainarestimulated(刺激).Butit’simpossibletoenjoyatennisgameorabookwithoutfullattention.It’sforthisreasonthatpleasuredoesnotlastlong,nordoesitmakeusgrow.Growthrequiresfullattentiontogoalsthatarenew,thatarerelativelychallenging.Withoutenjoyment,lifewillgoon,anditcanevenbepleasant.Butitdependsheavilyonluckandtheexternal(外部的)environment.Toachievepersonalcontroloverthequalityofexperience,however,weneedtolearnhowtobuildenjoymentintowhathappensdayin,dayout.1.Youwillmostprobablyexperienceenjoymentwhenyou________.A.buyexpensiveshoes B.orderadeliciousmealC.talkwithfriendsfornewideas D.sitquietlyinfrontofatelevision2.Whatdoyouknowaboutpleasureandenjoymentfromthepassage?A.Enjoymentgrowsoutofpleasure.B.Pleasureandenjoymentcomehandinhand.C.Pleasurableexperiencesarepartofenjoyableones.D.Someexperiencesprovidebothpleasureandenjoyment.3.Thewords“psychicenergy”inParagraph4areclosestinmeaningto________.A.attention B.interest C.ability D.knowledge4.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat________.A.feelingpleasurestopspeoplefromachievinggrowthB.feelingenjoymentcomeswithachievinggrowthC.aworthylifedependsonluckandenvironmentD.pleasureisthekeytoahappyandworthylife【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B【解析】本文主要讲述了快乐和享受的联系和对比。1.推理判断题。根据“Playingatennisgamethatimprovesone’sabilityisenjoyable,asisreadingabookthatshowsthingsinanewlight,asishavingaconversationthatleadsustoexpressideaswedidn’tknowwehad.”可知打一场能提高一个人能力的网球是令人愉快的，就像读一本从新的角度看待事物的书一样，就像进行一场能让我们表达自己不知道自己拥有的想法的谈话一样。由此推出当你和朋友谈论新想法时，你很可能会体验到乐趣。故选C。2.细节理解题。根据“Experiencesthatgivepleasurecanalsogiveenjoyment,butthetwofeelingsarequitedifferent.”可知有些经历既能带来愉悦，又能带来享受。故选D。3.词义猜测题。根据“Asthisexamplesuggests,wecanexperiencepleasurewithoutanypsychicenergy,whileenjoymenthappensonlyasaresultoffullattention.”可知正如这个例子所表明的，我们可以在没有任何精神能量的情况下体验快乐，而享受只有在全神贯注的情况下才会发生。psychicenergy与attention意思相近。故选A。4.观点态度题。根据“Enjoymentischaracterizedbyasenseofcuriosity,ofachievement.”以及“Growthrequiresfullattentiontogoalsthatarenew,thatarerelativelychallenging.”可知作者会赞成“感到快乐与得到成长是相辅相成的”这一观点。故选B。三Thescientificmethodisusedforsimpleexperimentsthatstudentsmaydointheclassroomorverydifficultexperimentsthatscientistsaredoingallovertheworld.Itisawayofthinkingthathelpsyoutoavoiddrawingincorrectconclusions.Thereareusuallyfourstepsinthescientificmethod,includingobservation(观察),hypothesis(假设),experiment,andconclusion.Thestepsmaynotalwaysbecompletedinthesameorder,butthefirststepisusuallyobservationandaskingaquestionaboutyourobservation.Forexample,youhadasickstomach,andateacandybar.Anhourlater,youobservedthatyoufeltmuchbetter.Here,youcanaskaquestion,suchas,“Whatmakesasickstomachfeelbetter?”Thesecondstepistostateapossibleanswertothequestion,orahypothesis,suchas“”Agoodhypothesisincludesthreethings:Theexplanationfortheobservations,itisabletobetested,anditwillusuallypredictnewoutcomesorconclusions.Thethirdstepistheexperiment,totestthehypothesis.Anexperimentisatestwhichwilleitherchallengeorsupportthehypothesis.Thehypothesiswillthenbetrueorfalse.Thefinalstepistothinkaboutwhathappenedwhenyoutestedthehypothesisanddrawaconclusion.Theconclusionwilleitherclearlysupportthehypothesisoritwillnot.Iftheresultssupportthehypothesis,aconclusioncanbewrittenandyoucanshareitwiththerestoftheworld.Ifitdoesnotsupportthehypothesis,youmaychoosetochangethehypothesisorwriteanewonebasedonwhatwaslearnedduringtheexperiment.1.Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?A.Howdothefourbasicstepsinthescientificmethodwork?B.Whatmakesagoodhypothesisbasedontheobservation?C.Theconclusionwillalwaysclearlysupportthehypothesis.D.Learningthescientificmethodmayhelpstudentssucceedinscience.2.WhichsentenceshouldgointheemptyboxinParagraph3?A.Acandybarmakesasickstomachfeelbetter.B.Itwasthemedicineyoutookanhourearlierthatmadeyoufeelbetter.C.Eatacandybaragain,andseewhathappenstoyoursickstomach.D.Askpeopleifeatingacandybarhasmadeasickstomachfeelbetter.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto(指的是)?A.Thehypothesis. B.Theconclusion.C.Thequestion. D.Theobservation.4.WhichofthefollowingsentencesabouttheexperimentisTRUE?A.Anexperimentisatesttoalwayssupportthehypothesis.B.Anexperimentdoesnothavetobepartofthescientificmethod.C.Anexperimentisatesttoeitherchallengeorsupportahypothesis.D.Anexperimentisonlyusedwhenscientistsaretryingtoproveahypothesis.【答案】1.A2.A3.B4.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基本科学方法包括四个步骤：观察、假设、实验和结论。1.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了基本科学方法包括四个步骤：观察、假设、实验和结论。选项A“科学方法的四个基本步骤是如何工作的？”最能表达出文章主旨。故选A。2.推理判断题。根据“Agoodhypothesisincludesthreethings:Theexplanationfortheobservations,itisabletobetested,anditwillusuallypredictnewoutcomesorconclusions.（一个好的假设包括三件事：对观察结果的解释，它能够被检验，它通常会预测新的结果或结论。）”可知A选项“一块糖能让恶心的胃感觉好一点。”是一个好的假设，是一个解释，且能够被检验。故选A。3.词句猜测题。根据“Theconclusionwilleitherclearlysupportthehypothesisoritwillnot.”可知此处“it”指代前面的“Theconclusion”，表示“结论要么明确地支持假设，要么结论不支持假设”。故选B。4.细节理解题。根据“Anexperimentisatestwhichwilleitherchallengeorsupportthehypothesis.”可知实验是一种挑战或支持假设的测试。故选C。四Oneday,Helenshouts,“Roger,comeandlookattheegg!It’scracking（裂开）.”Slowlyalongbeak（喙）appears.Theyareunsurewhatitis.Dadchecksonthecomputer,“Hey,look!It’sapterodactyl（翼手龙）.”“Apterodactyl?”shoutthechildren.“Yes,it’satypeofdinosaur.Pterodactylscanfly,”saysDad.ThenHelennamesitDacty.Amonthlater,hegrowsup.Butthereissomethingwrongwithhiswings.“MyroomistoosmallandDactykeepsbanging（碰撞）hiswingsonthewalls.Ifeelsorryforhim,”saysHelen.Finally,theytakeDactytoavet（兽医）.Twoweekslater,Dacty’swingsarebetter.However,heisn’twillingtofly.TheyphoneAuntElizabeth.Soonshearrives.“Myofficeisverybig.It’sperfectforDactyduringtheday.Andatnight,whenthemuseumisempty,Dactycanflyaroundhappily.”Thenshetakesthemtothemuseum.Onarriving,theytakeDactyoutofthebasket.Hestretches（伸展）hiswings,flieshighupandlandsonastonestatue.“Look,helikeshere,”shoutsHelen.“Canheseeinthedark?”asksRoger.“Yes,theyseeclearlyinthedark,justlikeowls（猫头鹰）,”saysAuntElizabeth.SixmonthspassesandDactyisverybignow.Onenight,Dactyseeslightsmovinginsidethemuseum.Twomen—BertandEriccomeinwithtorches（手电筒）.Theyarewearingmasksandtryingtoopenacase（箱子）.Insideitisamummy（木乃伊）.SuddenlyEriclooksupandseesDacty.Heisveryscared.“Look,Bert,thereisahugebirdupthere.”Bertlooksup.Dactydoesn’tmove,“Eric,don’tbesilly.It’sonlyastatue,”saysBert.“Comeon.Iwillopenthecase.Youlookforthegoldmedallions（大奖章）.”Atthemoment,DactyfliesdownandcatchesEric.Thethiefisveryscaredandhecan’tsayanything.Dactyfliesupandliftshimontopofastatue.He’sstuck.Atonce,DactyfliesdownagainandcatchesBert,too.Bothofthemarestuckthere.Thenextmorning,whenAuntElizabethcomesin,sheseesthebrokenmummycaseandthetwomen.Theyareshoutingloudly.Dactyfliesdowntoher.“Hereyouare,Dacty,”shesaysandpets（爱抚）hishead.“Thankyou,youdidagreatjob.”Thenshephonesthepolice.Themayor（市长）shakesDacty’swingandputsabigshinymedaloverhishead.“Congratulations,youdidagreatjob.”ThenheturnstoAuntElizabeth,“It’sgreattohaveabigbirdasaguard!”“Dactyisapterodactyl!”Rogersays.“Dactyisaheronow,”saysAuntElizabeth.“Apterodactyl?”shoutsanotherman.“Wow!Theylovewarmweatherandjungles（丛林）.IworkintheBotanicalGardens（植物园）.Wehaveawonderfulpalm（棕榈）house,bigandwarm,justlikeajungle.Hewilllovethere.Youcancometovisititanytime.”SonowDactyislivingintheBotanicalGardens.RogerandHelenvisithimeveryday.(AdaptedfromTheSurprise)1.HowdoesDactyhurthiswings?A.Heplaysgameswiththechildren. B.Hefallsoffthetreewhenflying.C.HebangsonthewallsinHelen’sroom. D.Hepractisesflyinginthemuseum.2.WhichwordcanbestdescribeDacty?A.Curious. B.Honest. C.Generous. D.Smart.3.Whatisthecorrectorderofwhathappensinthestory?a.Dactyistakentoseeavet.b.HelennamesthepterodactylDacty.c.DactylivesintheBotanicalGardens.d.Thethievesstealthingsinthemuseum.A.b-d-a-c B.d-a-b-c C.b-a-d-c D.c-d-a-b4.Whatcanweinfer（推断）fromthestory?A.Alldinosaursenjoycoldweatherandjungles.B.Humansandanimalsshouldcareabouteachother.C.Childrenthinkitnecessarytoraiseananimalathome.D.Itisbetterforadinosaurtolivewithhumansthaninnature.【答案】1.C2.D3.C4.B【解析】本文节选自《令人惊喜的礼物》，主要讲述了一个叫Dacty的翼手龙和人类之间发生的故事。1.细节理解题。根据“MyroomistoosmallandDactykeepsbanging（碰撞）hiswingsonthewalls”可知它的翅膀撞到了海伦房间的墙上伤到了翅膀。故选C。2.推理判断题。根据“Thankyou,youdidagreatjob”以及文章可知Dacty能够将小偷抓住，可知它非常的聪明。故选D。3.细节理解题。根据“ThenHelennamesitDacty.”可知海伦给它起名叫Dacty，即b；根据“Finally,theytakeDactytoavet”可知它伤到了翅膀，他们带它去看兽医，即a；根据“Twomen—BertandEriccomeinwithtorches（手电筒）.Theyarewearingmasksandtryingtoopenacase”可知两个小偷进入到博物馆，想要偷东西，即d；根据“SonowDactyislivingintheBotanicalGardens”可知现在它住在植物园里，即c，故正确顺序是b-a-d-c。故选C。4.推理判断题。通读全文可知，海伦和罗杰照顾Dacty，在它受伤的时候给它看医生，Dacty也帮助抓到了小偷，由此我们可推出人类和动物应该互相关心。故选B。提高题一MyFirstDayofSchoolFrightened,IwaswalkingintomyfirstschoolinAmerica.IhadtraveledalongdistancefromIndiainordertojoinmyparents,whohadbeenhereforthreeyears,hopingAmericawouldhelpmyfuture.MyfatherdecidedthatIwouldhaveabettereducationhere,soIenrolled(登记)inthelocalhighschoolinmynewtown.IwasafraidofhowIwoulddo.Onthefirstday,IwenttomysecondclassafterIhadmissedmyfirst.Withanxiety,Ireachedforthedoor,openingitslowly.Withoutpayingattentiontomyclassmates,Iwentstraighttotheteacherandaskedifthiswastherightclass.Withasoftvoiceheanswered,“Yes.”Hisvoicecomfortedmealittle.HegavemeasheetcalledCourseRequirements,whichIwouldnevergetinIndiabecausewedidn'thaveanythinglikethat.ThenheaskedmetochoosewhereIwouldsit.Ididn'tactuallywanttopickaseat.InIndiawehadfixedseats,soIneverneededtoworryaboutthat.Ispenttherestoftheclasstakingnotesfromtheimageproducedbytheoverheadprojector(投影仪).InIndianschools,wedidn'tusethetechnology.Wehadtotakenotesastheteacherspoke.Itwasnoon.IwasveryconfusedaboutwhenIwouldhavelunch.IwenttomynextclassandthebellrangasIentered.Iwentthroughtheregular(惯常的)processofaskingtheteacherifIwasintherightclass.Shesaid,“It'sstillfourthperiod.”“Butthebelljustrang,”Isaid.Changingfromagentletonetoaharsh(刺耳的)one,shesaid,“Thatisthelunchbell,youngman.”Iapologized.WithoutanotherwordIheadedforthecafeteria.Ifeltluckybecausewedidn'thavethisinIndia.EveryconfusionseemedlikeabarrierIhadtogetthroughtoreachmygoal.Attheendoftheday,Iwasonmywaytothebuswhichwedidn'thaveinIndiaeither.Isawmybusandsatdowninsidehappily.Iwasthinking,todaywasn'tsobad.1.WhydidtheauthorattendanAmericanhighschool?A.BecausehisfatherpreferredAmericanschools.B.Becausehisfamilywantedhimtohaveabrightfuture.C.Becausehismotherhadworkedinitfor3years.D.Becausehehadbeenlongingtoleavehishomeland.2.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor'sfirstdayofschool?A.Hewenttothewrongclassforsecondperiod.B.Hemetsomeenthusiasticteachersandclassmates.C.HegottheCourseRequirementssheetfromhisclassmate.D.HeexperienceddifferencesbetweenAmericanandIndianschoolsinmanyways.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“barrier”probablymean?A.Door. B.Difficulty.C.Task. D.Period.4.Howdidtheauthorfeelattheendoftheday?A.Worried. B.Puzzled. C.Happy. D.Sad.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者进入美国高中后第一天的经历和感受。1.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“hopingAmericawouldhelpmyfuture”和“Iwouldhaveabettereducationhere”可推断出作者进入美国高中是因为他父母想给他更好的教育,让他有一个光明的未来。故选B。2.D推理判断题。第二段多处提到美国学校和印度学校的区别,如在印度,没有课程要求,学生不能挑选座位,上课没有科技辅助,以及最后一段提到的印度学校没有餐厅也没有校车等,故可推断在上学的第一天,作者从很多方面感受到了美国学校和印度学校的不同。故选D。3.B词义猜测题。画线词所在句意为“每个困惑似乎都是我为了达到目标必须要跨越的。”由此可以推断出此处应该指的是障碍。difficulty从意义上最接近barrier,且与getthrough搭配,故选B。

4.C细节理解题。根据文章最后三句中的“Attheendoftheday”“satdowninsidehappily”“todaywasn'tsobad”可知作者感觉很快乐。故选C。二Peruisfamouslyknownasthe“landoftheIncas”.AtriptoPeruhadbeenonmywishlistforquiteawhile.Itwasfinallytimeformetovisitthecountry.MyfirstdaystartedinLima,thecapitalofPeru.ImetwiththeGAdventuresrepresentative(代表)ofthetourhere.GAdventuresisanorganizationthathelpsyoutoconnectwithotherlike⁃mindedpeopleinsmallgroup⁃basedtraveladventures.TheyplayedabigpartinhelpingtomakePeruanunforgettableexperienceforme!InLima,myrepresentativediscussedtheplanformytour,andIalsohadthechancetoexploreLimainmyowntime,withmanyactivities,includingacitytour,show,bikingtour,andmore.DaytwohadmetakingaflightfromLimatoCusco.ManypeoplevisitCuscoforshoppingbutforme,themainreasonforspendingadayortwoinCuscowastoadapttothealtitude(海拔).AsI'ddecidedtoreachthewonderofMachuPicchu,adaptationhadbecomeimportanttoavoidingaltitudesickness.IwashappytospendadayexploringCusco.CuscowasoncethecapitaloftheIncaEmpire.Today,it'sfamousforitsartists,paintings,clothingandtraditionalinstruments.There'ssomethingforeveryoneinthiscity.Thedayfinallycame!DaythreehadmeenjoyingalovelyguidedvisittoMachuPicchuatsunrise.Ihadfreetimetoexplorethecityonmyownaswellaswithmyguide.Therewasalottotakein!Ihadtostopforamomentandfelttheenergyofsuchanancientcity.ThehistoryhereisunbelievableandIwillneverforgetmytimehereforaslongasIlive!1.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetoGAdventures?A.Doubtful. B.Satisfied. C.Uninterested. D.Hopeful.2.WhydidtheauthorstayinCusco?A.Togoshopping. B.Tofindalocalguide.C.Togetusedtothehighaltitude. D.TodoresearchontheIncaEmpire.3.HowdidtheauthorfeelwhentravelingaroundMachuPicchu?A.Fullofexcitement. B.Outofluck.C.Lostindoubt. D.Deepinregret.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Myloveoftraveling B.MywonderfultriptoPeruC.Peru:the“landoftheIncas” D.Traveling:thefutureofPeru语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文,文章主要讲述了作者游览秘鲁的经历。1.B推理判断题。由文章第二段第四句“它们在帮助让秘鲁成为我难忘的经历这件事上发挥了重要作用!”可知,作者对GAdventures是非常满意的。故选B项。2.C细节理解题。由文章第三段第二句“许多人来库斯科购物,但对我来说,在库斯科待一两天主要是为了适应海拔。”可知选C项。3.A推理判断题。由文章最后一段最后两句“我不得不停下来一会儿,感受这座古城的活力。这里的历史令人难以置信,我永远不会忘记这段时光!”可知,在游览马丘比丘时,作者心里很激动。故选A项。47.B主旨大意题。由文章第一段“秘鲁以‘印加人的土地’而闻名。秘鲁之行在很长一段时间里是我的愿望之一。我终于可以游览这个国家了。”以及后文对秘鲁之行的介绍可知,本文主要讲述了作者在秘鲁的旅行经历。所以B项“我精彩的秘鲁之旅”符合文意。故选B项。三EatingalightmealManyofusliketoeatoutandtreatourselvestodeliciousfood.Weareusedtochoosinghearty,fat⁃filleddishesandsugarysnacks,whicharenoteasilycookedathome.Therecentriseoflight(清淡的)meals,however,givesdinersasmarterchoice.AccordingtoEconomicDaily,low⁃calorie,low⁃fatandhigh⁃fiber(高纤维的)mealshavebecomepopularinChina'srestaurantsandonlinedeliveryplatforms.Thecountrysawarapidexpansionofrestaurantsspecializinginlightmeals,fromjust600in2017tomorethan3,500in2018.AccordingtoareportreleasedbyMeituan,amajoronlinefooddeliveryplatform,thenumberoflightmealsorderedonlinealsorose75percentcomparedtothepreviousyear.Havingalightmeal,however,doesn'tmeaneatingonlyvegetables.Differentfromthemeat⁃freelifestyle,atypicallightdishavoidsoily,saltyandspicyfood.Instead,itcontainsthingslikeboiledmeat,wholegrains,fruitsandvegetables.Healthynutrients(营养成分)arethethemeofthelightmeal.Thesedishesareusefulforkeepinghealthyandcontrollingyourweight.That'sprobablywhysomanypeople,especiallytheMillennialgeneration(千禧一代),areintothem.Dinersseeitas“agreatwaytoavoidbloating(变胖),”wroteTheTelegraph.“Aftereatingseverallightmeals,Ifeelmyappetitehasshrunk(缩小).Inowpreferlightflavors,”ZouJing,acollegeteacherinWuhan,toldChinaDaily.Shesharedapictureofherlunch:amixtureofbeef,eggs,corn,mushroomsandcherrytomatoes.Thesechangesineatingbehaviorareconnectedwithdeeperchangesinhowpeoplethinkaboutfood,saysWalterWillett,chairoftheDepartmentofNutritionattheHarvardT.H.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth,theUS.Sonexttimeyouhaveapartywithfriends,tryalightmeal.Itwillsatisfynotonlyyourstomachbutmaybealsoyourheart.1.Whatarelightmeals?A.Low⁃calorieandhigh⁃fibermeals. B.Meat⁃freedishes.C.Sugarysnacks. D.Fat⁃filleddishes.2.Whatisthemainwaythattheauthorusestoprovethepopularityoflightmeals?A.Givingdescriptions. B.Givingexamples.C.Listingnumbers. D.Showingotherpeople'sviews.3.Whydomanyyoungpeopleenjoylightmealsaccordingtothearticle?A.Theycanhelpthemcontroltheirweight. B.Theyaresimpleandconvenient.C.Theyarecheaperthanothermeals. D.Theyareusuallycolorful.4.WhatdoweknowfromParagraph7?A.Lightmealswills