《走向高考》高考英语一轮复习 高二1-20单元阶段性测试

高二册1～20单元阶段测试Ⅰ.语音知识(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)(·武汉市高三4月调研)1．passengerA.sugar B.organize C.strange D.together2．chemistry A.stomach B.achieve C.check D.machine3．club A.pollution B.struggle C.useful D.bury4．majority A.baggage B.attract C.Canadian D.magazine5．area A.theatre B.breathe C.break D.heaven[答案]1—5CABDAⅡ.单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)6．Writteninahurry,______.A.PetermademanymistakesinthepaperB.therearemanymistakesinthepaperC.wefoundsomemistakesinthepaperD.thepaperisfullofmistakes7．Teachingishardwork;Iloveit,______.A.though B.butC.yet D.therefore8．Theserviceshop______him30yuanforrepairinghisTVset.A.asked B.chargedC.paid D.owed9．Icouldn’tfindmywatchforages,butthenonedayit______inacoatpocket.A.cameup B.gotoutC.foundout D.turnedup10．Sheislookingforwardasmuchtohisreturnashehimselfto______her.A.haveseen B.seeingC.see D.beseen11．Keepawayfromsuchthings______willdoyouharm.A.as B.thatC.like D.which12．Theteacherorderedalotofexercises______threedays’time.A.befinished B.wouldbefinishedC.tofinish D.beingfinished13．Themeetingwasputoff,______wasexactly______wewanted.A.it;that B.as;thatC.which;what D.this;what14．______theendoflastyear,theyhavebeenworkingontheproject,anditisprogressingwell.A.By B.AtC.Since D.In15．Asmostoftheirhouseswerebadlydamagedaftertheearthquake,manypeoplehadtobe______inastadium.A.putaway B.putupC.putout D.putoff16．MyteacherofEnglishisreallyverykind.I’llneverforgetthe______hehasdoneme.A.favour B.deedC.help D.value17．—DoyoumindifIuseyourbike?—No,______.A.youarewelcome B.that’sallrightC.youcan’tuseit D.helpyourself,please18．—CanIhelpyou,sir?—Yes,I’dlikearoomwitha______fortwonights,please.A.view B.suitC.scenery D.sight19．Nomatterhowmuchmoneyyoupossess,itcannot______ahealthybody.A.compare B.suitC.defeat D.match20．—Mom,thedoor______.Mykeysarelockedinitagain.—You______it!Itoldyoualwaystocarryyourkeyswithyou.A.won’topen;haveaskedforB.won’tbeopened;askedforC.won’topen;askedforD.can’topen,areaskingfor[答案]6．D。过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是句子的主语，故选D项。7．A。though，副词，意为“然而，但是”，常位于句尾。8．B。charge“索价”，与for连用。chargesb.somemoneyforsth.“因为……向某人收费”。9．D。turnup“出现”。10．B。lookforwardto“盼望……”，to为介词，其后宜接代词或动名词。11．A。在定语从句中先行词被such所修饰，定语从句引导词宜用as。12．A。考查了动词order的用法：①order＋从句，从句应用should加动词原形；②ordersb.todosth.，此题就是order带宾语从句的用法，省掉了should。13．C。which引导非限制性定语从句，what引导表语从句。14．C。由句子谓语动词havebeen...可知前面时间短语宜为since。15．B。地震之后，灾民无家可归，很多人只能安排在体育馆住宿。16．A。考查词组dosb.thefavor“帮某人一个忙”在定语从句中的运用。所以hehasdoneme是定语从句，修饰先行词favour。17．D。考查交际用语。问借自行车介意与否，回答一般是用No，表示不介意，“请自己拿去”，所以选D。而A是“不用谢”，B项是“没关系”，C项是拒绝出借，与前文的“No”矛盾。18．A。aroomwithaview“可以观看风景的房间”。sight“景象；观看；视力”；scene“布景，一场”；scenery不可数，“景色”。19．D。match“与……匹敌，比得上”；suit“合适，对……有益”。compareAwithB“把A与B比较”。20．C。thedoorwon’topen“门开不了”，won’t＋v，表示习惯性动作倾向，“不会……”；第二空用过去式，表示说话之前已发生的事情。Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)(·福建)Childrenfindmeaningsintheiroldfamilytales.WhenStephenGuyer’sthreechildrenweregrowingup,hetoldthemstoriesabouthowhisgrandfather,abanker,__21__allinthe1930s,butdidnotlosesightofwhathevaluedmost.Inoneofthedarkesttimes__22__hisstrong－mindedgrandfatherwasnearly__23__，heloadedhisfamilyintothecarand__24__themtoseefamilymembersinCanadawitha__25__，“Therearemoreimportantthingsinlifethanmoney.”The__26__tookonanewmeaningrecentlywhenMr.Guyerdownsizedtoa__27__housefromamoreexpensiveandcomfortableone.Hewas__28__thathischildren,adaughter,15,andtwins,22,wouldbeupset.Tohissurprise,theyweren’t.__29__，theirreactionechoed(共鸣)theirgreat－grandfather’s.Whatthey__30__washowwarmthepeoplewereinthehouseandhow__31__oftheirheartwasaccessible.Manyparentsarefindingfamilystorieshavesurprisingpowertohelpchildren__32__hardtimes.Storytellingexpertssaythephenomenonreflectsagrowing__33__intellingtales,evidencedbyariseinstorytellingeventsandfestivals.Auniversity__34__of65familieswithchildrenagedfrom14to16foundkids’abilityto__35__parents’storieswaslinkedtoalowerrateofangerandanxiety.The__36__istellingthestoriesinawaychildrencan__37__.We’renottalkinghereaboutthekindofstorythat__38__，“WhenIwasakid,Iwalkedtoschooleverydayuphillbothways,barefootinthesnow.”Instead,weshouldchooseastorysuitedtothechild’s__39__，andmakeeyecontact(接触)tocreate“apersonalexperience”.Wedon’thavetotellchildren__40__theyshouldtakefromthestoryandwhatthemoralis.21．A.missed B.lostC.forgot D.ignored22．A.when B.whileC.how D.why23．A.friendless B.worthlessC.penniless D.homeless24．A.fetched B.allowedC.expected D.took25．A.hope B.promiseC.suggestion D.belief26．A.tale B.agreementC.arrangement D.report27．A.large B.smallC.new D.grand28．A.surprised B.annoyedC.disappointed D.worried29．A.Therefore B.BesidesC.Instead D.Otherwise30．A.talkedabout B.caredaboutC.wroteabout D.heardabout31．A.much B.manyC.little D.few32．A.beyond B.overC.behind D.through33．A.argument B.skillC.interest D.anxiety34．A.study B.designC.committee D.staff35．A.provide B.retellC.support D.refuse36．A.trouble B.giftC.fact D.trick37．A.perform B.writeC.hear D.question38．A.means B.endsC.begins D.proves39．A.needs B.activitiesC.judgements D.habits40．A.that B.whatC.which D.whom[答案]给孩子们讲家庭故事，能够收到意想不到的效果，而且，给孩子们讲家庭故事，也能够引起他们的共呜，帮助他们渡过比较困难的时期。21．B。依据文章讲的故事可知，StephenGuyer的祖父当时破产了，也就是说失去了所有的一切，而且下文的“butdidnotlosesightofwhathevaluedmost”也给出了暗示。22．A。此处描述的是StephenGuyer的祖父当时的境况，故用when，相当于atthattime。23．C。既然是破产了，也就变得身无分文，所以用penniless“身无分文的”。24．D。下文提及加拿大的家人，所以用took，带着他们去。25．D。下文的“Therearemoreimportantthingsinlifethanmoney”是一种信念，一种想法，所以用belief。26．A。根据下文的“echoed(共鸣)theirgreat－grandfather’s”可知，StephenGuyer给孩子们讲的他祖父的故事产生了新的意义。27．B。由下文的“fromamoreexpensiveandcomfortableone”可知，现在没钱了，所以判断住的是小房子，形成对比。28．D。由富人变成穷人，住房条件发生了天翻地覆的变化，家里面的孩子是否会不适应，这是“父母们所担心的”，所以用worried。29．C。上文讲的是“让他吃惊的是：孩子们并没有(不适应这种落差)”。下文给出的是孩子们的反应，前后为转折关系，所以选C。30．B。从这一段可以看出，孩子们关心的不是住房条件的好坏，而是房子里面的人的温暖程度和大家是否心心相印。故此处用careabout“在乎，在意”。31．A。同30题解析。32．D。throughhardtimes“渡过难关”。33．C。人们对讲家庭故事的兴趣逐渐增强。34．A。依据后面的found一词，可以得出这里说的是调查。所以用study。35．B。上文提及父母给孩子讲故事，这里又说孩子讲故事，所以可以判断出这里是孩子复述父母给他们讲的故事。36．D。这里说的是讲故事的技巧：用孩子可以听的方式。37．C。既然是讲故事，所以孩子就要听，所以用hear。38．C。下文的“WhenIwasakid,Iwalkedtoschooleverydayuphillbothways,barefootinthesnow.”是通常讲故事的开头语，所以这里需用begins。39．C。这里说的是讲故事的技巧，讲的故事应该与孩子们的判断相一致。40．B。take后缺少宾语，take后面的从句也缺少宾语，故用what。我们不必告诉孩子他们应该从故事中得到什么以及教育意义是什么。Ⅳ.阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)A(·石家庄教学质量检测)AretheBritishpeopleEuropeans?ThismayseemastrangequestiontoAfricansandAsians,whotendtothinkofallwhitemenasEuropeans.ButtheBritish,whentheyareinBritain,donotregardthemselvesasEuropeans.TheEuropeans,tothem,arethoseratherexcitableforeignersfromtheothersideoftheEnglishChannel,whohaveneverlearnthowtospeakEnglish.Europeis“theContinent”，aplacefullofinterestforBritishtourists,butalsothesourceofalmostallthewarsinwhichBritainhaseverbeeninvolved.Thus,althoughgeographicallyspeakingBritainispartofEurope,yetthefactthatitisaseparateislandhasmadeitspeoplefeeldifferentfromtherestofEuropeandtheysometimesannoycontinentalnationsbyfailingtosupportthem,oreventounderstandthem,intimeofneed.WheredidtheBritishpeoplecomefrom?Thisisaninterestingquestion,sincetheyareamixtureofmanydifferentraces,andalltheseracesinvadedBritainatvarioustimesfromEurope.NobodyknowsverymuchaboutBritainbeforetheRomanscameduringthefirstcenturyB．C.,buttherehadbeenatleastthreeinvasionsbeforethat.Thefirstofthesewasbyadark－hairedMediterraneanracecalledtheIberians.TheothertwowerebyCeltictribes;firstlytheGaels,whosedescendants(后代)arethemodernScotsandIrish,someofwhomstillspeaktheGaeliclanguage;andsecondlytheBritons,whogavetheirnametothewholeislandofBritain.ThesewerethepeoplewhomtheRomansconquered.TheRomansgavetheBritonsagooddealoftheircivilization,buttheyneversettledinBritaininverylargenumbers,sotheBritishracesurviveduntiltheoverthrowoftheRomanEmpirebythe“barbarians”，i．e.thenumerousGermanictribeswhichoverranthewholeofWesternEurope.41．ByraisingthequestioninParagraph1,theauthor______.A.showshisdoubtwhethertheBritishareEuropeansB.meansthatbothAfricansandAsiansarefoolishC.makesthereadersinterestedinhisarticleD.meansthattheBritisharewrong42．WhichphrasebestdescribestheattitudeoftheBritishtowards“theContinent”？A.Fulloflove.B.Mixedfeelings.C.Muchenvy.D.Lackofinterest.43．TheBritishfeelverydifferentbecause______.A.theyareseparatedgeographicallyfromtheContinentB.theywereonceattackedbythepeopleontheContinentC.theysometimesfailtohelpthecontinentalcountriesintimeofneedD.theyareconsideredratherdifficulttounderstandbyothercountries44．WhichshowsthecorrectorderinwhichdifferentracesinvadedBritish?A.TheIberians,theBritons,theGaels,theBarbarians,theRomans.B.TheRomans,theIberians,theScotsandIrish,theBarbarians.C.TheIberians,theGaels,theBritons,theRomans,theBarbarians.D.TheIberians,theScotsandIrish,theRomans,theBarbarians.[答案]英吉利海峡把英国从欧洲大陆分离，使英国成为一个孤悬于欧亚大陆之外的岛国。这就使英国不同于其他欧洲国家。41．C。推理判断题。提出问题是英语中常见的文章开头的方法之一，目的是引起读者的注意，让读者关注本文即将讨论的话题。其他三项的陈述不合乎情理。综观全文可知，文首的问题“AretheBritishpeopleEuropeans？”旨在导入话题。42．B。细节理解题。根据第一段的第四、五句可知，对于英国人来说，英吉利海峡另一边的欧洲人是容易激动的外国人，欧洲大陆是使英国游客充满兴趣的旅游胜地，也是英国遭受战争之苦的源泉。由此可知，英国人对欧洲大陆怀着一种复杂的情感。43．A。推理判断题。根据文章第一段的最后一句话可知，由于大不列颠脱离了欧洲大陆，不仅使英国在地理位置上与其他欧洲国家产生了距离，而且使英国人产生了不同于其他欧洲人的感觉。44．C。细节理解题。结合文章第二段的第三句及其后面的内容可知，最早入侵大不列颠的分别是theIberians,theGaels,theBritons；然后是罗马人(theRomans)；最后是theBarbarians。B(·全国卷Ⅱ)OdlandrememberslikeitwasyesterdayworkinginanexpensiveFrenchrestaurantinDenver.Theicecreamhewasservingfellontothewhitedressofarichandimportantwoman.Thirtyyearshavepassed,butOdlandcan’tgetthememoryoutofhismind,northewoman’skindreaction(反应).Shewasshocked,regainedcalmnessand,inakindvoice,toldtheyoungOdland，“It’sOK.Itwasn’tyourfault.”Whenshelefttherestaurant,shealsoleftthefutureFortune500CEO(总裁)withalifelesson:Youcantellalotaboutapersonbythewayheorshetreatsthewaiter.Odlandisn’ttheonlyCEOtohavemadethisdiscovery.Rather,itseemstobeoneofthosefewlawsofthelandthateveryCEOlearnsonthewayup.It’shardtogetadozenCEOstoagreeaboutanything,butmostagreewiththeWaiterRule.TheysayhowotherstreattheCEOsaysnothing.Buthowotherstreatthewaiterislikeawindowintothesoul.Watchoutforanyonewhopullsoutthepowercardtosaysomethinglike，“Icouldbuythisplaceandfireyou.”or“IknowtheownerandIcouldhaveyoufired.”Thosewhosaysuchthingshaveshownmoreabouttheircharacter(人品)thanabouttheirwealthandpower.TheCEOwhocameupwithit,oratleastfirstwroteitdown,isRaytheonCEOBillSwanson.Hewroteabest－sellingbookcalledSwanson’sUnwrittenRulesofManagement.“Apersonwhoisnicetoyoubutrudetothewaiter,ortoothers,isnotaniceperson，”Swansonsays.“Iwillneverofferajobtothepersonwhoissweettothebossbutturnsrudetosomeonecleaningthetables.”45．WhathappenedafterOdlanddroppedtheicecreamontothewoman’sdress?A.Hewasfired.B.Hewasblamed.C.Thewomancomfortedhim.D.Thewomanlefttherestaurantatonce.46．Odlandlearnedoneofhislifelessonsfrom______.A.hisexperienceasawaiterB.theadvicegivenbytheCEOsC.anarticleinFortuneD.aninterestingbest－sellingbook47．Accordingtothetext,mostCEOshavethesameopinionabout______.A.Fortune500companiesB.theManagementRulesC.Swanson’sbookD.theWaiterRule48．Fromthetextwecanlearnthat______.A.oneshouldbenicertoimportantpeopleB.CEOsoftenshowtheirpowerbeforeothersC.oneshouldrespectothersnomatterwhotheyareD.CEOsoftenhavemealsinexpensiverestaurants[答案]45．C。这是一道细节判断题。根据第二段第二句“Shewasshocked,regainedcalmnessand,inakindvoice,toldtheyoungOdland,‘It’sOK.Itwasn’tyourfault.’”可以判断出这位女士没有责备他，而且还安慰他。46．A。这是一道细节判断题。根据第二段“Whenshelefttherestaurant,shealsoleftthefutureFortune500CEOwithalifelesson:Youcantellalotaboutapersonbythewayheorshetreatsthewaiter.”可以推断出Odland在当waiter的时候学到了这人生中的一课。47．D。这是一道推断题。根据第三段第三句“It’shardtogetadozenCEOstoagreeaboutanything,butmostagreewiththeWaiterRule.”可以推断出大部分CEO都会同意“侍者规则”。48．C。这是一道推断题。根据最后一段“Apersonwhoisnicetoyoubutrudetothewaiter,ortoothers,isnotaniceperson.”可以推断出一个人无论对谁都要尊重。C(·陕西卷)Didyouknowthatwomen’sbrainsaresmallerthanmen’s?Theaveragewomen’sbrainweighs10%lessthanmen’s.Sinceresearchhasshownthatthebiggerthebrain,thecleverertheanimal,menmustbemoreintelligent(聪明的)thanwomen.Right?Wrong.Menandwomenalwaysscoresimilarlyonintelligencetests,despitethedifferenceinbrainsize.Why?Afteryearsofstudy,researchershaveconcludedthatit’swhat’sinsidethatmatters,notjustthesizeofthebrain.Thebrainconsistsof“greymatter”and“whitematter”.Whilemenhavemoreofthelatter,theamountof“thinking”brainisalmostexactlythesameinbothsexes.Ithasbeensuggestedthatsmallerbrainappearstoworkfaster,perhapsbecausethetwosidesofthebrainarebetterconnectedinwomen.Thismeansthatlittlegirlstendtolearntospeakearlier,andthatwomencanunderstandsortsofinformationfromdifferentsourcesatthesametime.Whenitcomestotalkingtothebossonthephone,cookingdinnerandkeepinganeyeonthebabyallatthesametime,it’swomenwhocomeoutontopeverytime.Thereareotherimportantdifferencesbetweentwosexes.Aswhitematteristhekeytospatial(空间的)tasks,menknowbetterwherethingsareinrelationtootherthings.“Agreatfootballeralwaysknowswhereheisinrelationtotheotherplayers,andheknowswheretogo，”saysoneresearcher.Thatmayexplainoneoflife’sgreatmysteries:whymenrefusetoaskfordirections...andwomenoftenneedto!Thedifferencesbeginwhenfetuses(胎儿)areaboutnineweeksold,whichcanbeseenintheactionofchildrenasyoungasone.Aboywouldtrytoclimbabarrier(障碍物)beforehimorpushitdownwhileagirlwouldattracthelpfromothers.Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskills,whilemorewomenspeechskills.Itmayallgobacktoourancestors(祖先),amongwhomwomenneededspeechskillstotakecareoftheirbabiesandmenneededspatialskillstohunt,accordingtooneresearch.Ifallthisdisappointsyou,itshouldn’t.“Thebrainchangesthroughoutourlivesaccordingtowhatwedowithit.”saysabiologist.49．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Women’sbrainis10%lessthanmen’s.B.Greymatterplaysthesameroleaswhitematter.C.Greymattercontrolsthinkinginthebrain.D.Bothsexeshavethesameamountofwhitematter.50．Whatcanweinferfromthesecondandthirdparagraphs?A.Womenpreferdoingmanythingsatatime.B.Mendobetterdealingwithonejobatatime.C.Womendonotneedtotelldirections.D.Menhaveweakerspatialabilities.51．Whichofthefollowingdoyouagreewithaccordingtothefourthparagraph?A.Youngboysmaybestrongerthanyounggirls.B.MorewomentakeupjobsrequiringspeechskillsC.Womenmayhavestrongerfeelingsthanmen.D.Ourancestorsneededmorespatialskills.52．Whatisthewriter’sattitudeinwritingthispassage?A.Defensive. B.Persuasive.C.Supportive. D.Objective.[答案]科学研究表明：男性和女性大脑的差异使得两性在生活、工作、学习等方面有一定的差异，但人的大脑根据它所处理的事物的不同而在不断地变化之中。49．C。推理判断题。由第一段的后两句可知本题选C。50．B。推理判断题。根据第二段中的第三句可知本题选B。51．B。推理判断题。由本段第三句中的“Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskills,whilemorewomenspeechskills.”一句可知本题选B。52．D。推理判断题。作者客观地说明了男性和女性大脑的差异，故本题选D。D(·陕西卷)Runnersinarelay(接力)racepassastickinonedirection.However,merchantspassedsilk,gold,fruit,andglassalongtheSilkRoadinmorethanonedirection.TheyearnedtheirlivingbytravelingthefamousSilkRoad.TheSilkRoadwasnotasimpletradingnetwork.Itpassedthroughthousandsofcitiesandtowns.ItstartedfromeasternChina,acrossCentralAsiaandtheMiddleEast,andendedintheMediterraneanSea.Itwasusedfromabout200B.C.toaboutA.D.1300,whenseatravelofferednewroutes(路线).Itwassometimescalledtheworld’slongesthighway.However,theSilkRoadwasmadeupofmanyroutes,notonesmoothpath.Theypassedthroughwhatarenow18countries.Theroutescrossedmountainsanddesertsandhadmanydangersofhotsun,deepsnowandevenbattles.Onlyexperiencedtraderscouldreturnsafe.TheSilkRoadgotitsnamefromitsmostprizedproduct.Silkcouldbeusedlikemoneytopaytaxesorbuygoods.Butthetraderscarriedmorethanjustsilk.Gold,silver,andglassfromEuropeweremuchfoundintheMiddleEastandAsia.HorsestradedfromotherareaschangedfarmingpracticesinChina.Indianmerchantstradedsaltandothervaluablegoods.Chinesemerchantstradedpaper,whichproducedanimmediateeffectontheWest.ApplestraveledfromcentralAsiatoRome.TheChinesehadlearnedtograft(嫁接)differenttreestogethertomakenewkindsoffruit.Theypassedthisscienceontoothers,includingtheRomans.TheRomansusedgraftingtogrowtheapple.TradingalongtheSilkRoadledtoworld－widebusiness2,000yearsbeforetheWorldWideWeb.ThepeoplealongtheSilkRoaddidnotsharejustgoods.Theyalsosharedtheirbeliefs.TheSilkRoadprovidedpathwaysforlearning,diplomacy(外交),andreligion(宗教)．53．It’sprobablethattradersalongtheSilkRoadneeded______.A.toremembertheentiretraderouteB.toknowthemakingofproductsC.toreceivecertainspecialtrainingD.todealwithalotofdifficulties54．TheSilkRoadbecamelessimportantbecause______.A.itwasmadeupofdifferentroutesB.silktradingbecamelesspopularC.seatravelprovidedeasierroutesD.peopleneededfewerforeigngoods55．NewtechnologiescouldtravelalongtheSilkRoadbecausepeople______.A.learnedfromoneanotherB.sharedeachother’sbeliefsC.tradedgoodsalongtherouteD.earnedtheirlivingbytraveling56．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheSilkRoad;PastandPresentB.TheSilkRoad;EastMeetsWestC.TheSilkRoad;RoutesFullofDangersD.TheSilkRoad;PathwaysforLearning[答案]本文主要说明著名的“丝绸之路”的历史作用，即“丝绸之路”不仅促进了中西方商品的流通，对于沿途的文化、艺术、宗教等的融合和发展都有着巨大的作用。53．D。推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句可知本题选D。54．C。细节理解题。由第二段第四句中的“Itwasusedfromabout200B.C.toaboutA.D.1300,whenseatravelofferednewroutes.”一句可知本题选C。55．A。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“TheChinesehadlearnedtograftdifferenttreestogethertomakenewkindsoffruit.Theypassedthisscienceontoothers,includingtheRomans.”可知本题选A。56．B。主旨大意题。本文说明了“丝绸之路”的重要作用，即它促进了东西方的融合，故本题选B。E(·江苏)Haveyouevernoticedthecolourofthewaterinariverorstreamafteraheavyrainfall?Whatdoyouthinkcausedthischangeincolour?Itissoilthathasbeenwashedintotheriverfromtheriverbankorfromthenearbyfields.ComponentsofSoilSoilismadeupofanumberoflayers(层),eachhavingitsowndistinctivecolourandtexture.Theupperlayerisknownasthelitter.Itactslikeablanket,limitingtemperaturechangesandreducingwaterloss.Thetopsoillayerismadeupofsmallparticlesofrockmixedwithrottenplantandanimalmattercalledhumus(腐殖质),whichisblackandgivesthetopsoilitsdarkcolour.Thislayerisusuallyrichinnutrients,oxygen,andwater.Belowthetopsoilisthesubsoil,alayerthatcontainsmorestonesmixedwithonlysmallamountsoforganicmatter.Thislayerislighterincolourbecauseofthelackofhumus.Beneaththesoilliesalayerofbedrock.Soilformsfromthebottomup.Overtimebedrockisattackedbyrain,wind,frost,andsnow.Itisgraduallybrokendownintosmallerparticlesinaprocesscalledweathering.Plantsbegintogrow,androttenmaterialsenrichthetopsoil.MostofthesoilinEasternCanada,forexample,wasformedfromweatheredrockthatwasexposedwhentheicedisappeared12,000yearsago.WaterBeneaththeSoilSurfacewatercollectsandflowsabovethegroundinlakes,ponds,andrivers.Onceinthesoilorrock,itiscalledgroundwater.Gravitypullsgroundwaterthroughthesoilinaprocesscalledpercolation(渗透).Eventuallythewaterreachesalayercalledthewatertable.Underthisisbedrockthroughwhichwatercannotpercolate.Aswaterpercolatesdownward,itdissolvesorganicmatterandmineralsfromthesoilandcarriesthemtodeeperlayers.Thiscausesaseriousproblembecauseplantsrequirethesenutrientsforgrowth.SoilpHSoilcanbeacidic,neutral,orbasic.ThepHofthesoilisdeterminedbythenatureoftherockfromwhichitwasformed,andbythenatureoftheplantsthatgrowandrotinit.TheacidityofrainandsnowcanlowerthepHofthegroundwaterthatentersthesoil.Byburningfossilfuelssuchascoal,oilandgasoline,humanshavebeencontributingtohigherlevelsofacidityinmanysoils.Whenfossilfuelsareburned,gasesarereleasedintotheairandthenfallbacktoearthasacidrain.Acidsoilincreasestheproblemofcarryingnutrientstolowersoillevels.Asnutrientsareremoved,soilislessfertile.Plantsgrowmoreslowlyinacidicsoil,andalsobecomeeasilyattackedbydiseases.57．Thelayerofsoilthatprovidesnecessarynutrientsforplantgrowthiscalled______.A.litter B.topsoilC.humus D.subsoil58．Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Soilformsfromweatheredrockontheearthsurface.B.Thedeeperlayerofsoilisdarkerincolourthanthesurfacesoil.C.Airpollutionispartiallyresponsibleforacidsoil.D.Groundwatertendstocarryawaynutrientsforplantgrowth59．Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthewatertablelies______.A.betweenthetopsoillayerandthesubsoillayerB.inthesubsoillayerabovebedrockC.betweenthesubsoillayerandbedrockD.inthebedrocklayerbeneaththesubsoil60．Theunderlinedword“dissolve”isusedtoexpresstheideathatorganicmatterandmineralsfromsoilare______.A.rushedawayintotheriverB.cleanedandpurifiedbywaterC.destroyedandcarriedawaybywaterD.mixedwithwaterandbecomepartofit[答案]本文是一篇科普文，介绍了土壤的构成与土壤的pH值对于植物生长的影响。57．B。考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第四句中的“Thetopsoillayerismadeupofsmallparticlesofrockmixedwithrottenplant...whichisblackandgivesthetopsoilitsdarkcolour.Thislayerisusuallyrichinnutrients”可知给植物提供必要营养的土层是topsoillayer。58．B。考查细节判断。根据文章第二段第六句中的“Belowthetopsoilisthesubsoil,alayerthatcontainsmorestonesmixedwithonlysmallamountsoforganicmatter.Thislayerislighterincolourbecauseofthelackofhumus”可知，并不是土层深，它的颜色就深。59．C。考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的“Eventuallythewaterreachesalayercalledthewatertable.Underthisisbedrockthroughwhichwatercannotpercolate”可知watertable是位于bedrock之上的一个土层，它是独立存在的不属于其他层，因此选项C正确。60．D。考查词义猜测。根据本句中的“...andcarriesthemtodeeperlayers”可知营养物质是在被水溶解之后才被带到更深的土层中去的。Ⅴ.补全对话(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)(·北京市海淀区第一学期期末)Mike:Hello.Jane:Hello,Mike.ThisisJane.Mike:Oh,hello,Jane.Jane:Listen,Mike, __61__Mike:Whatisit?Jane:__62__Mike:Oh,notagain.Jane:Yeah.IcheckedtheoilandIcheckedalmosteverything.It’sjustnotstartingatall.Mike:__63__Jane:Iknow,Iknow.Butlook,thethingisthatI’vegottopickTomupattheairport.CanI．..Mike:__64__Yes,ofcourse.Jane:Thatwillbegreat.It’sverykindofyou.Mike:__65__Idon’tneedituntiltonight.Jane:OK,I’llbearoundinaboutanhour.Thanksalot.Mike:It’sallright.Seeyouthen.Jane:Seeyou.A.Usemycar?B.I’vegotarealproblem.C.Youhavetogetridofit,youknow.D.Comearoundwhenyoulike.E.Whatdoyouwanttodo?F.Youhadbettercheckit.G.Thecar’sbrokendown.[答案]61—65BGCADⅥ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)(·黄冈市3月高三质检)66．Theschoolhasallthecomputerscheckedat______(定期)intervals.67．Theirhousehaswonderfulviewsacrossthe______(山谷)．68．Ifyouwanttopasstheexam,youmustchangeyour______(态度)towardsstudy.69．Hisnotpassingtheexammadehisparents______(失望)．70．Shehaswrittenarticlesforseveralwomen’s______(杂志)．71．Aftertheoperation,thepatientis______(恢复)rapidly.72．Onsunnydaysyoucanseesomecolorful______(气球)flyinginthesky.73．Booksofthiskindare______(禁止)tobetakenoutoflibrary.74．Aftergraduation,hebegantosho