Unit+1+Cultural+Heritage+Discovering+Useful+Structures+高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

Unit1CulturalHeritageDiscoveringUsefulStructuresPart01WarmupLookatthesentencesbelowandunderlinetherelativepronounsandadverbs.Afterlisteningtothescientistswhohadstudiedtheproblem,andcitizenswholivedneartheproblem,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.Templesandotherculturalsitesweretakendownpiecebypiece,andthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininaplacewheretheyweresafefromthewater.（referstopeople）（referstoaplace）Part01Presentation定语从句在复合句中，作定语修饰名词或代词的从句。Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.先行词定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。关系词连接主句和从句指代先行词在从句中充当句子成分（作用）关系代词关系副词whowhomwhosethatwhichaswhenwherewhythat关系代词用法：关系代词除了指代主句中的先行词外，同时还在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。作宾语时可以省略;但关系代词作介词宾语，而且介词提到它的前面时,关系代词不能省略。关系代词修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语、表语which物或事主语、宾语、定语、表语as人、物或事主语、宾语、表语限制性定语从句紧跟在修饰对象（即先行词）之后的定语从句,先行词和限制性定语从句之间紧密相连，前后相接。非限制性定语从句先行词与定语从句没有紧密相连，而是被逗号或其它语句部分隔开。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别（1）作用不同限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,不可去掉,否则主句意思不完整。非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明,可去掉,去掉后主句意思仍完整。Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseenforyears.这是几年来我看过的最好的一部电影。Shelostthematch,whichdepressedhergreatly.她输了比赛,这使她很沮丧。去掉后影响对电影的限定范围去掉后不影响她输掉比赛这个事实限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别（2）形式不同限制性定语从句与主句不用逗号隔开,非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开。（3）先行词不同大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。Thetwopolicemenwerecompletelytrusted,whichinfacttheywere.那两个警察完全受到信任,事实上也确实如此。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别（4）关系词的使用情况不同1.that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句。2.关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替但whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。3.关系代词的省略情况不同:关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省略。Thetwopolicemenwerecompletelytrusted,whichinfacttheywere.那两个警察完全受到信任,事实上也确实如此。which的用法在定语从句中作主语、宾语,偶尔作定语或表语。Theriverwhichrunsthroughthecentreofthecitybringsuslotsofpleasure.穿过市中心的那条河给我们带来了很多欢乐。(which在从句中作主语)Doyouremembertheholiday(which)wespenttogether?你记得我们一起度过的那个假期吗?(which在从句中作宾语)Hechangedhismindagain,whichmadeusallangry.他又改变了主意，这使得我们大家都很生气。(which指代整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语)Shewasnotsick,whichsomeoftheotherpassengerswere.她没有生病,但有些其他旅客却病了。(which指代形容词sick，在从句中作表语)用来指事物that的用法在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略;作介词的宾语时介词不能提到that之前。Janeisnolongertheperson(that/who/whom)Iworkedwithseveralyearsago.珍妮不再是几年前我共事的那个人了既可指人也可指物Thisisthesupermarketthat/whichsellsavarietyofgoods.这就是那个卖各种各样的商品的超市。Themessage(that/which)youarelookingforisintoday'sChinaDaily.你找的信息就在今天的《中国日报》上。(that/who/whom在从句中作宾语)(that/which在从句中作主语)(that/which在从句中作宾语)省略that不用which的情况(1)当先行词是all,little,few,much,everything,nothing,none等不定代词时。AllthatIneedisonlyyouradvice.我所需要的只是你的建议。Thereisnotmuchthatoughttobedonerightnow.没有多少应该立即做的事情。InChina,parentsalwaysdoeverythingthattheycantosupporttheirchildren.在中国,父母总是尽他们所能来支持他们的孩子。(2)当先行词被all,every,no,little,few,much,theonly,thevery,theright,thelast等修饰时。ThesemessagesaretheveryonesthatIhavebeenlookingfor.这些就是我一直在寻找的信息。that不用which的情况(3)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。WhenitcomestoJinan,thefirstthatcomestomindisthespringwater.谈到济南时,首先想到的就是泉水。Thatisthebestfilmthathaseverbeenshownsofarinthecity.那是这座城市到目前为止放过的最好的一部电影。(3)当主是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whichisoneofthethingsthatmakepeoplehappy?哪一件是让人快乐的事?用which不用that的情况(1)关系代词前有介词时。I'mlookingforaboxinwhichIcanputalltheseeggs.我在寻找一个能放下所有这些鸡蛋的箱子。(2)在非限制性定语从句中。Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.足球是很有趣的运动项目，全世界的人都在踢。(3)先行词本身就是that时。What'sthatwhichexcitesyousomuch?是什么事情让你如此兴奋?as的用法(1)as引导限制性定语从句,先行词前有as,so,such或thesame修饰。Suchpeopleashavemadegreatcontributionstotheworldshouldbegreatlyrespected.那些对世界做出巨大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。Youmaytakeasmanychairsasyouneed.你需要多少椅子就拿走多少椅子。Hemadethesamemistakeasyoumadeinthelastexam.在上次考试中,他犯了跟你相同的一个错误。(as在从句中作主语)(as作need的宾语)(as作made的宾语)as的用法(2)as引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是整个主句。Aseverybodyknows,ShakespearewasagreatEnglishwriter.众所周知，莎士比亚是一位伟大的英国作家。Tomisabraveboy,asisdescribedinthereport.汤姆是一个勇敢的男孩,这正如在报告中描述的那样。Theproject,aswehadexpected,gotalongwell.正如我们所预料的那样，工程进展顺利。(从句在主句之前,as在从句中作宾语)(从句在主句中间，as在从句中作宾语)(从句在主句之后，as在从句中作主语)注意事项Thewatch(that/which)yougavemekeepsperfecttime.你给我的那块表走得很准。(1)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。Aliceisnottheperson(that)shewastenyearsago.艾丽斯不是10年前的那个人了。(2)关系代词在从句中作表语时可省略。Educationshouldbethemostimportantthing(that)parentsaregreatlyconcernedabout.教育应是父母们非常关心的最重要的事情。(3)关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而介词在从句句尾时可省略。宾语表语about的宾语that的用法

that作关系副词时可以修饰表示_______________________________________________的先行词，相当于____________________________，而且一般可以省略。表示时间时，that相当于when或"介词+which"可省略。Istillrememberthetime(that/when/inwhich)Ihelpedmyfatheronthefarm.我仍然记得在农场里帮助我爸爸的岁月时间(time)、地点(place)、原因(reason)、方式(way)when,where,why,inwhichthat的用法

表示地点时that相当于where或“介词+which”可省略。Ihaveneverbeentotheplace(that/where/inwhich)theIndianslive.我从未去过那些印第安人居住的地方。表示原因时，that相当于why或forwhich,可省略。Thereason(that/why/forwhich)helosthislifewaslackofmedicalcare.他死的原因是缺乏医疗护理。表示方式时,that相当于inwhich,可省略。Canyouworkoutaway(that/inwhich)wecansolvethisproblem?你能找出一种我们能够解决这个问题的方法吗?

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句when,where,whyI'llneverforgetthedayonwhich(=when)mysonwasborn.我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。“介词+which”可以替代关系副词when,where,whyI'dlikeyoutoexplainthereasonforwhich(=why)yourefusedmyoffer.我想让你解释一下你拒绝我帮助的原因。(for依据forthereason确定)关系副词_______________引导定语从句时,关系副词可用“______________”代替。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用_____________,不可用that或who。介词+关系代词which或whom替代when替代whereThisisthefarmonwhich(=where)Iusedtowork.这就是我过去工作过的农场。(on依据onthefarm确定)替代why

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句依据与先行词的固定搭配确定使用什么介词I'llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIwaswithmyfriendsinthecountry.我永远不会忘记和朋友们一起在乡村度过的时光。依据定语从句中动词或形容词的搭配来确定介词Sheboughtseveralbooks,onwhichshespentallhermoney.她买了几本书,这些书花光了她所有的钱。根据定语从句所表达的具体意思来确定介词Canyouseetheriveracrosswhichthereisabridge?你能看见上面有座桥的那条河吗?(during依据duringthetime确定)(on依据spend...on确定)“介词+关系代词”的其他表达法如果在whom和which之前用of表示所属关系(即ofwhom,ofwhich表示所属关系)，这时名词需要特指，应加定冠词该名词放在ofwhom,ofwhich之前或之后均可。I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichlooksoutoverthesea.I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowlooksoutoverthesea.因为whose也表示所属关系,所以可以转换为:I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.“介词+关系代词”的其他表达法在whom和which之前用of,还可以表示部分与整体的关系。这时，表示“部分”的数词或代词，放在ofwhom,ofwhich之前或之后均可。Shehasthreedaughters,oneofwhomisadoctor.Shehasthreedaughters,allofwhomarebeautiful.还可以说:Shehasthreedaughters,theoldestofwhomiscalledMary.Shehasthreedaughters,ofwhomoneisadoctor.Shehasthreedaughters,ofwhomallarebeautiful.定语从句中的主谓一致当关系代词在从句中做主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持一致Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthathavebeenasked.这是被问过的最有意思的问题之一。1.先行词是“oneof+复数名词”结构时，关系代词引导的定语从句中的谓语动词一般用复数形式。2.如有thevery，theonly，thefirst，thelast，theright等修饰one时，谓语动词用单数。Part03PracticeRewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.1.Heshowedmeaphotoinhisroom.ItwasaphotoofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.ThephotowhichheshowedtomeinhisroomwasaphotoofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.2.TheprojectteamhelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.ItwasformedbymembersfromfifteencountriesTheprojectteamwhichhelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzaniawasformedbymembersfromfifteencountries.3.ThistemplewasfirstbuiltduringtheQinDynasty.ThetimewhenthistemplewasfirstbuiltwasduringtheQinDynasty.Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.4.WemetaprofessionalarchaeologistattheentrancetotheGreatPyramid.Heexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.Theprofessionalarchaeologistwho/whomwemetattheentrancetotheGreatPyramidexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure5.Thedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasareunderthedesk.Ifoundthemyesterday.TheplacewhereIfoundthedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasyesterdayisunderthedesk.6.Scientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetemplebecausetheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.Thereasonwhyscientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetemplewasthattheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.1.Theoldtownhas