备考2025届高考英语一轮复习课时提能第一部分过透教材Unit1ScienceandScientists新人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit1ScienceandScientists一、阅读理解AScientistsresearchingclimatechangeinAntarcticaarestudyingpenguinsinanefforttobetterunderstandthearea’senvironmentalhealth.They’remeasuringthegrowthanddevelopmentofthepenguinpopulationontheeasternsideoftheAntarcticPeninsula."Wearecountingpenguinneststounderstandhowmanypenguinsareinacolony（聚居地），producingyounganimalseveryyear，andwhetherthatnumberisgoingupordownwiththeenvironmentalconditions，"saidAlexBorowicz，anecologyresearcheratNewYork’sStonyBrookUniversity.Theworkisnoteasyforclimateresearchersintheicy，farawayreachesofAntarctica.Butpenguinsareeasiertofollowthansomeotherkindsofanimals—theynestonland.Andtheirblackbodiesandwastedroppingscanalsobeidentifiedagainstthearea’swhitebackground.MichaelWethington，anotherresearcherfromStonyBrook，toldReutersthepenguinpopulationcanrepresentoverallclimateconditionsandthehealthofthearea’swholeecosystem.Theresearcherssaycountsofindividualpenguinscanbecombinedwithdatafromsatelliteimagestogetamorecompletepictureofhowtheanimalsareprogressing.Gentoopenguinspreferopenwaterwithoutbrokenpiecesoficefloatingaround.SowhentemperaturesontheAntarcticPeninsulabeganrisingduringthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury，gentoopopulationsmovedsouth."Gentoopenguinsdon’tlikeseaice，"DavidAinley，abiologistwhohasbeenstudyingpenguinsformorethan50years，toldReuters."Theymostlysearchforfoodoverthecontinentalshelf（大陆架）anddon’tgofarouttosea."Asseaicehasdecreasedalongthewesternsideofthepeninsula，gentoosseemtohavegotusedtothechangedconditions.ButthosesameconditionshavebeenworsefortheAdéliepenguinspecies.Thisisbecausetheydependonseaiceforfeedingandreproduction（繁殖）."WhenwefindAdéliepenguins，wetypicallyknowseaiceisnearby，"Wethingtonsaid.Headdedthatwheneverresearchersseeseaicedecreasingordisappearing，theyalsoseeAdéliepenguinpopulationsdropsharply.气候变更始终以来都是人们普遍关注的问题。科学家从未放松对气候变更的探讨。一些科学家通过对南极洲企鹅进行视察来探讨南极洲的气候变更。1.Whydidtheresearcherschoosepenguinsastheirresearchsubject？A.Becausetheircolonyisingoodcondition.B.BecauseAntarcticahasalargepopulationofpenguins.C.Becausetheyareeasiertofollowandidentifiedthanotheranimals.D.Becausetheirnumberchangessharplywiththeenvironmentalconditions.解析C微小环节理解题。由其次段中的"Butpenguinsareeasiertofollowthansomeotherkindsofanimals—theynestonland.Andtheirblackbodiesandwastedroppingscanalsobeidentifiedagainstthearea’swhitebackground"可知，探讨人员之所以选择企鹅是因为它们更易于跟踪和辨别，故本题选C项。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"picture"inPara.4probablymean？A.Photo. B.Future.C.Prediction. D.Situation.解析D词义揣测题。结合关键性信息countsofindividualpenguins，datafromsatelliteimages，theanimalsareprogressing以及常识我们不难推知，探讨人员通过不同手段收集有关企鹅的各种信息，无非是想对企鹅这一动物族群的"发展状况"有一个更为全面的了解，那么picture在意义上与situation最为接近，故本题选D项。3.WhatcanweinferaboutAdéliepenguinsfromthelastparagraph？A.Theyfeedoniceandbringuptheirbabiesonicetoo.B.Theycompeteforfoodandspacewithgentoopenguins.C.Theyareresponsibleforthedecreaseordisappearanceofice.D.Theywon’tliveinthewestoftheAntarcticPeninsulaingreatnumbers.解析D推理推断题。由"Thisisbecausetheydependonseaiceforfeedingandreproduction（繁殖）"可知，Adéliepenguins对海冰依靠性很强。再由"Asseaicehasdecreasedalongthewesternsideofthepeninsula，gentoosseemtohavegotusedtothechangedconditions.ButthosesameconditionshavebeenworsefortheAdéliepenguinspecies"可知，南极半岛西侧海冰数量削减，那里的环境条件自然不会适合Adéliepenguins大量生存繁衍。综上可知，本题选D项。4.Whichisthebesttitleforthistext？A.ClimateChangeHasPutPenguinsinDangerB.ScientistsUsePenguinstoStudyAntarcticClimateChangeC.ThePresentLivingConditionsforPenguinsinAntarcticaD.SeaIceHasDifferentInfluencesonGentooPenguinsandAdéliePenguins解析B标题归纳题。通读全文我们不难发觉，文章首句是整篇文章的主题句，指明白文章的主要内容：科学家借助企鹅来探讨南极洲的气候变更，故B项做文章的标题最佳。B[科技创新/2024湖北武汉部分学校调研]Personalizedmedicinechangesconventionalmedicine，whichtypicallyoffersblanketrecommendationsandofferstreatmentsdesignedtohelpmorepeoplethantheyharmbutthatmightnotworkforyou.Theapproachrecognizesweeachpossessuniquecharacteristics，andthattheyhaveanoutsizeimpactonourhealth.Aroundtheworld，researchersarecreatingprecisiontoolsunimaginablejustadecadeago：superfastDNAsequencing（测序），tissueengineering，cellreprogramming，geneediting，andmore.Thescienceandtechnologysoonwillmakeitpossibletopredictyourriskofcancer，heartdisease，andcountlessotherillnessesyearsbeforeyougetsick.Theworkalsooffersprospectsforchanginggenesinremovingsomediseases.Lastspring，researchersattheNationalCancerInstitutereportedthedramaticrecoveryofawomanwithbreastcancer，JudyPerkins.Theteam，ledbyStevenRosenberg，animmune（免疫的）treatmentpioneer，hadsequencedhercancercells’DNAtoanalyzethechangesinthegeneticstructure.Theteamalsoextractedasamplingofimmunecellsandtestedthemtoseewhichonesrecognizedhercancercells’geneticfaults.ThescientistsreproducedthewinningimmunecellsbythebillionsandputthemintoPerkinstoattackhercancercells.Morethantwoyearslater，Perkins，aretiredengineerfromFlorida，showsnosignsofcancer.Thirtyyearsago，scientiststhoughtthatitwouldbeimpossibletounderstandourgeneticrulesandsequencethe3.2billionpairsofdifferentelementsinourDNA."Itwaslikeyouweretalkingfairytales，"RazelleKurzrocksaid."Theconventionalwisdomwasthatitwouldneverhappen.Never！Andthenin2003，neverwasover."IttooktheHumanGenomeProject13years，roughlyonebilliondollars，andscientistsfromsixcountriestosequencethefirstdraftofthehumangenome.Todaysequencingcostsaboutathousanddollars.Thelatestmachinescanproducetheresultsinaday.Thetechnology，combinedwithadvancedcellanalysis，clarifiestheastonishingbiochemicalvariationsthatmakeeveryhumanbodyunique.特性化医疗正在变更常规医疗，基因测序技术的应用便是其详细表现。【词语积累】personalizedadj.为某人特制（或特设）的prospectn.可能性，希望；预期，展望；前景samplingn.抽样，取样【熟词生义】blanket常用义：n.毯子；毛毯文中义：adj.包括全部情形（或人员）的，总括的，综合的1.Whatcanweknowaboutpersonalizedmedicine？A.Ithasemergedadecadebefore.B.Itoffersblanketrecommendations.C.Itusesgeneticinformationtohelppatients.D.Itadministerstreatmentintendedformostpeople.解析C微小环节理解题。由其次段第一句和第三段的例子可知，特性化医疗利用基因信息帮助病人，故选C项。2.Whichbestdescribesthoseprecisiontools？A.Promising.B.Highlyrisky.C.Fruitless.D.Strictlyconfidential.解析A推理推断题。由其次段中的"Thescienceandtechnologysoon...inremovingsomediseases"可推知，精密工具很有前景，故选A项。3.WhathappenedintheprocessoftreatingJudyPerkins’breastcancer？A.Sequencingherimmunecells.B.Reprogramminghercancercells.C.Analysisofherlifestylechanges.D.Identificationofcancer-fightingcells.解析D微小环节理解题。由第三段中的"Theteamalso...testedthemtoseewhichonesrecognizedhercancercells’geneticfaults...putthemintoPerkinstoattackhercancercells"可知，探讨人员确认了抗癌细胞，故选D项。4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellusaboutsequencing？A.Itsrecentadvances.B.Itswideapplications.C.Itsmajordisadvantages.D.Itsattractiveprospects.解析A段落大意题。由最终一段中今昔状况的对比可以看出，本段主要讲了基因测序的最新进展，故选A项。二、完形填空[2024河北沧州质量检测]MawsonwasanAustralianexplorerandscientistwhoexploredtheAntarcticwithateamoffellowadventurersin1912.Histravelsinthefrozencontinentbroughthimworldwide1.InDecemberofthatyear，Mawsonandtwoother2leftthemainbaseatCommonwealthBay，3a300-mileexplorationintothecentralpartofthecontinenttogatherscientificdataandsamples.4followed.Oneofthemen，ayoungBritishsoldiernamedBelgraveNinnis，5downanopencrackonasledge，alongwithseveraloftheirbestdogsandmanyoftheteam’ssupplies，dead.Forseveralweeks，thetwoothers，6withscurvy（坏血病）andother7，struggledtoreturntocamp，keepinglivingfirstonthe8dogs，thenonstarvationfood.9，XavierMertz，aSwissmountaineerandskiingchampion，diedfromexhaustion，starvationandpossiblepoisonousnessfromeatingdogs’livers.10toreturnwiththeresearchdata，Mawson11theelementsfor30days.Finallyhereturnedtothe12inFebruaryof1913，extremelythin，frost-bittenandexhausted—onlyto13hehadmissedtheshiprescuingtherestofthe14byhours.Mawsonwasregardedasasurvivorhero.Forhisachievementsasanexplorerandscientist，hewasknighted（封爵）in1914.Inadditiontohisother15，Mawsoneditedandcontributedtothe22-volumeReportsofAustralasianAntarcticExpeditions.本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲解并描述了Mawson和另外两名探险者进行南极大陆中部探险时遇险，Mawson挣扎着生存下来，并将探讨数据胜利带回的故事。1.A.praise B.trustC.worry D.criticism解析A由"Mawsonwasregardedasasurvivorhero.Forhisachievementsasanexplorerandscientist，hewasknighted（封爵）in1914"可知，Mawson的探险受到了世界的赞誉，故选A。2.A.celebrities B.explorersC.athletes D.astronomers解析B由"MawsonwasanAustralianexplorerandscientistwhoexploredtheAntarcticwithateamoffellowadventuresin1912"可知，本题选B。3.A.puttingoff B.showingoffC.kickingoff D.lettingoff解析C此处说的是起先了对南极大陆中部的探究，故选C。4.A.Wonders B.BonusesC.Fortune D.Tragedy解析D由"...5downanopencrackonasledge，alongwithseveraloftheirbestdogsandmanyoftheteam’ssupplies，dead.Forseveralweeks，thetwoothers6withscurvy（坏血病）..."可知，起先探究之行后灾难随之而来，故选D。5.A.took B.fellC.looked D.wandered解析BBelgraveNinns掉进了一个裂缝中，故选B。6.A.adjusted B.circulatedC.infected D.confused解析C另外两名感染了坏血病和其他疾病的人挣扎着回营地，他们先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠抗饥饿的食物活着，故选C。7.A.cures B.disabilitiesC.errors D.illnesses解析D参见上题解析。illness疾病。8.A.remaining B.wildC.fierce D.hunting解析A参见第6题解析。remaining剩下的。9.A.Ultimately B.NeverthelessC.Temporarily D.Meanwhile解析A此处说的是"最终来自瑞士的XavierMertz死于乏累、饥饿……"，故选A。10.A.Discouraged B.RelievedC.Determined D.Frightened解析CMawson决心带着探讨数据回去，故选C。11.A.combined B.battledC.contained D.introduced解析BMawson决心带着探讨数据回去，与恶劣的天气抗争了30天，故选B。12.A.center B.normalC.base D.campus解析C最终，他在1913年2月回到基地（base）——骨瘦如柴、冻伤满布且乏累不堪——但却发觉（discover）错过了营救其他成员（crew）的船好几个小时。13.A.predict B.discoverC.complain D.explain解析B参见上题解析。14.A.passengers B.witnessesC.rescuers D.crew解析D参见第12题解析。15.A.achievements B.referencesC.services D.subjects解析A所填词指的是Mawson取得的成就，故选A。三、语法填空[科技创新/2024新疆乌鲁木齐一模]Overthepastfewyears，scientists1（develop）anewartificialintelligencetechnologythatcandetectwhethersomeoneislyingthroughanalyzingthemusclesinhisface.Patches（贴片）placedonaperson’sfacedetectmuscleactivityandthenthemachinelearningtechnologyisused.Themachineisable2（calculate）whetherornotthepersonistellinglies.3（invent）byYaelHaneinatTelAvivUniversityinIsrael，themachineshowedanimpressivesuccessrate：73percent，implyingitcancatchliarswithease.Howwouldourfacialexpressionsgive4ourlies？AccordingtoresearchersfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbia，Canada，someofthemusclesinourfac