美国虚假新闻行业市场前景及投资研究报告-培训课件外文版2024.6

INDUSTRIES

&

MARKETSFalsenewsintheU.S.CHAPTER

01NewsconsumptionoverviewLeadingglobalEnglish-languagenewswebsitesintheUnitedStatesinDecember2023,bymonthlyvisits(inmillions)LeadingnewswebsitesintheU.S.2023,bymonthlyvisitsMonthlyvisitsinmillions050100150200250300350400450500464.4374.7262.1259.2145.9145.1140.8134.1127.5116.3116104.6dailymail.co.uk933Description:InDecember2023,thenewswebsitewiththemostmonthlyvisitsintheUnitedStateswastheNewYorkTimes'website,withatotalof464.4millionmonthlyvisitstointhatmonth.Insecondplacewaswithcloseto375millionvisits,followedbywithjustover260million.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;December2023;basedonmobilewebanddesktopvisits;top20fromatotal25sitesrankedbymonthlyvisitsSource(s):PressGazette;SimilarWebShareofconsumerswhohaveusedselectedglobalonlinenewsbrandsandsitestoaccessnewsinthelastweekintheUnitedStatesasofFebruary2023LeadingonlinenewsbrandsintheU.S.2023Shareofrespondents0%2%4%6%8%10%12%14%16%Yahoo!NewsCNN.com17%17%FoxNewsonline16%LocaltelevisionnewssitesonlineNewYorkTimesonlineWashingtonPostonlineUSATodayonline14%13%11%11%11%MSNNewsNBC/MSNBCNewsonlineBuzzFeedNews10%9%ABCNewsonline8%WebsiteofacitypaperCBSNewsonlineWallStreetJournalonlineHuffPost8%8%8%8%4Description:ThemostpopularonlinenewsbrandsintheUnitedStatesasofFebruary2023wereYahoo!NewsandCNN.com.Astudyfoundthat17percentofrespondentstoasurveyhadvisitedthosesitesrespectivelyfornewsinthelastweek.AlsohighintherankingwereFoxNewsonlineandTheNewYorkTimesonline.Supportforandtrustinbothsourcesvariessignificantlyaccordingtothepoliticalaffiliationofaudiences,particularlyamongDemocratsandRepublicans.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;JanuarytoFebruary2023;2,081respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):ReutersInstitutefortheStudyofJournalism;YouGovShareofconsumerswhohaveusedselectedofflinenewssourcestoaccessnewsinthelastweekintheUnitedStatesasofFebruary2023LeadingsourcesforconsumingofflinenewsintheU.S.2023Shareofrespondents0%5%10%15%20%25%LocaltelevisionnewsFoxNews27%23%CNN19%19%NBC/MSNBCNewsABCNews18%18%CBSNewsLocalradionewsRegionalorlocalnewspaperBBCNews14%11%10%10%USATodayNewYorkTimesAcity-basedpaperNPRNews9%8%8%5Description:In2023,localtelevisionnewswasthemostusedofflinenewssourceintheUnitedStates,with27percentofrespondentstoasurveyhavingusedlocaltelevisionnewsinthelastweek.Bycontrast,just11percentusedregionalorlocalnewspapers,andCNNandMSNBCwerelesspopularthanFoxNews.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;JanuarytoFebruary2023;2,081respondents;18yearsandolder;TV,radioandprintbrandsSource(s):ReutersInstitutefortheStudyofJournalism;YouGovLeadingsocialnetworksusedfornewsintheUnitedStatesfrom2019to2023LeadingsocialnetworksusedfornewsintheU.S.2019-2023Shareofrespondents202315%2022202120%2020201925%0%5%10%30%35%40%45%29%28%FacebookYouTube28%35%39%24%19%23%24%20%14%13%11%Twitter17%15%7%8%8%FacebookMessengerInstagram9%9%9%12%7%7%8%6%6%4%TikTok4%RedditWhatsApp4%4%6Description:In2023,29percentofrespondentstoasurveyintheUnitedStatessaidthattheyusedFacebookfornews.FacebookremainstheleadingsocialmedianetworkfornewsconsumptionamongU.S.consumers.InsecondplacewasYouTube,with24percent,markingajumpfromthepreviousyear.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;JanuarytoFebruary2023;2023:2,081;18yearsandolder;WhatsAppandRedditwerenotincludedintherankingoftopsitesusedinthe2023surveySource(s):ReutersInstitutefortheStudyofJournalism;YouGovLevelofengagementwithnewsintheUnitedStatesfrom2016to2022EngagementwithnewsintheU.S.2016-2022AllormostofthetimeSomeofthetimeOnlynowandthenHardlyever60%50%40%30%20%10%0%52%51%31%49%32%46%45%35%38%33%37%33%28%19%9%17%9%14%7%13%6%13%6%13%7%12%5%20162017201820192020202120227Description:NewsaudiencesintheUnitedStateshave,overall,reducedtheirengagementwithnewssince2016.Inthatyear,51percentofadultssaidthattheyfollowedthenewsallormostofthetime,afigurewhichby2022haddroppedto38percent.Inthesametimeperiod,thepercentageofadultswhosaidtheyhardlyeverfollowedthenewsalmostdoubled.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2016to2022;12,147*;18yearsandolder;*Refersto2022survey.Surveydatesvariedbyyear.

ReadmoreSource(s):PewResearchCenterCHAPTER

02FalsenewsconsumptionFrequencyofseeingfalseormisleadinginformationonlineamongadultsintheUnitedStatesasofApril2023,byagegroupFrequencyofseeingfalseinformationonlineintheU.S.2023,byagegroup18-2930-4445-6465+70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%66%59%45%37%27%20%16%14%13%12%

12%12%11%10%10%9%7%6%3%3%3%2%

2%Never0%DailyWeeklyMonthlyLessoftenthanmonthlyNotsure9Description:A2023surveyfoundthattwothirdsofU.S.adultsaged65yearsoroversaidtheysawinformationtheybelievedtobefalseormisleadingeveryday,comparedtoonly37percentofrespondentsaged18to29yearsold.Olderrespondentswerealsomarginallymorelikelytosaythattheywerenotsureiftheyhadseenfalseinformationornot.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;April3to9,2023;1,516respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):YouGovFrequencyofseeingfalseormisleadinginformationonlineamongadultsintheUnitedStatesasofApril2023,bypartyIDFrequencyofseeingfalseinformationonlineintheU.S.2023,bypartyIDDemocratIndependentRepublican70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%58%55%47%22%18%16%12%11%10%9%9%8%7%7%7%2%2%2%DailyWeeklyMonthlyLessoftenthanmonthlyNeverNotsure10Description:A2023surveyfoundthatcloseto60percentofRepublicanssaidtheysawinformationtheybelievedtobefalseormisleadingeveryday,comparedtojust47percentofregisteredDemocratvoters.Democratswereoveralllesslikelytosaytheysawfalseinformationregularly.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;April3to9,2023;1,516respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):YouGovFrequencyofseeingfalseormisleadinginformationonlineamongadultsintheUnitedStatesasofApril2023,bylocalareaFrequencyofseeingfalseinformationonlineintheU.S.2023,bylocalareaUrbanSuburbanRural70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%59%55%45%20%20%16%13%13%11%10%8%7%6%6%4%3%2%1%DailyWeeklyMonthlyLessoftenthanmonthlyNeverNotsure11Description:A2023surveyrevealedthatalmosttwothirdsofU.S.adultslivinginruralareassaidtheysawinformationtheybelievedtobefalseormisleadingonadailybasis.Thisisincontrastto45percentlivinginurbanareas.AsnewsoutletsdisappearfromruralpartsoftheU.S.,theriskofencounteringfalseinformationcanbehigherasfewerofficialandlegitimatesourcesequalslesstrustworthyreportingandgreatercirculationofhearsayormisreportedcontent.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;April3to9,2023;1,516respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):YouGovLevelofconfidenceindistinguishingbetweenrealnewsfromfalsenewsamongadultsintheUnitedStatesasofApril2023AbilitytorecognizefalseinformationandnewsintheU.S.202360%52%50%40%30%23%20%14%10%0%6%5%VeryconfidentSomewhatconfidentOnlyalittleconfidentNotatallconfidentNotsure12Description:AccordingasurveyheldinApril2023,theshareofpeopleaged18yearsandaboveintheUnitedStateswhowereveryconfidentintheirabilitytodistinguishrealnewsfromfalseinformationamountedto23percent.Afurther52percentweresomewhatconfidentthattheywereabletoidentifymisinformation,whereasjustfivepercenthadlittlefaithinthemselvestodeterminefactsfromfakecontent.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;April3to9,2023;1,516respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):YouGovMethodsforverifyinginformationseeninthenewsandonsocialmediaintheUnitedStatesasofJune2022,byplatformMethodsforverifyinginformationU.S.2022,byplatformTVnewsNewsarticlesSocialmedia80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%69%65%64%63%58%57%55%47%45%40%34%27%21%20%19%17%10%9%UseGoogle/anothersearchengineReadadditionalarticles

Readinformationfrom

Researchonfact-checking

AskfriendsorfamilyDonotcheckatallonthesametopicexperts(doctors,scientists,researchers)sites(Snopes,Factcheck,Politifact,etc.)13Description:Theresultsofasurveyheldinsummer2022foundthatthemainwaytoverifynewswasusingGoogleoranothersearchengine.Fact-checkingbyreadingfurtheronthetopicorfindinginformationfromexpertswerealsopopularstrategies,especiallyfornewsfoundonsocialmedia.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;June2022;1,004respondents;18-74years;multipleanswerswereallowedSource(s):SCHAPTER

03ConsumerattitudesPublicopinionongovernmentrestrictingfalsenewsonlineintheUnitedStatesfrom2018to2023GovernmentinterventiononfalsenewsintheU.S.2018-202320182021202370%58%60%55%50%48%50%40%30%20%10%0%42%39%TheU.S.governmentshouldtakestepstorestrictfalseinformationonline,evenifitlimitsfreedomofinformationFreedomofinformationshouldbeprotected,evenifitmeansfalseinformationcanbepublished15Description:A2023surveyheldintheUnitedStatesfoundthat55percentofadultsbelievedtheU.S.governmentshouldtakestepstorestrictfalseinformationonline,evenifthismeantlimitingfreedomofinformation.Attitudestobodiesandorganizationsoutsidethenewsindustryhelpingtostemthespreadoffalseinformationhavechangedsince2018,withahighershareofAmericansrespondingtothe2023surveywillingtoseetechcompaniesandgovernmentsintervenethanthesharewho[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2018to2023;2023:5,685;18yearsandolderSource(s):PewResearchCenterPublicopinionontechcompaniesrestrictingfalsenewsonlineintheUnitedStatesin2018and2023TechcompanyinterventiononfalsenewsU.S.2018-2023201865%2021202370%59%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%56%42%39%32%Techcompaniesshouldtakestepstorestrictfalseinformationonline,evenifitlimitsfreedomofinformationFreedomofinformationshouldbeprotected,evenifitmeansfalseinformationcanbepublished16Description:Publicopiniononrestrictingfalsenewsischanging.A2023surveyheldintheUnitedStatesrevealedthat65percentofadultsbelievedtechcompaniesshoulddomoretostopthespreadoffalsenewsevenifthismeantlimitingfreedomofinformation.Thepercentageofsurveyparticipantswhofeltthiswaywasupbyninepercentfromthe2018result,exemplifyingthegrowingconcerntowardsinnaccurateinformationandincreasedinterestininterventionfrombodiesand[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2018to2023;2023:5,685;18yearsandolderSource(s):PewResearchCenterNewsconsumerswhoareconcernedaboutthespreadoffalseinformationonsocialmediaintheUnitedStatesasofMarch2023,byagegroupConsumersworriedaboutfalseinformationonsocialmediaU.S.2023,byagegroup80%75%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%67%61%60%53%18-2425-3435-4445-5455+17Description:Astudyheldinearly2023intheU.S.foundthatadultsaged18to24yearsweretheleastconcernedaboutthespreadoffalseinformationonsocialmedia,although53percentexpressedafairorhighdegreeofworryaboutthesubject.Meanwhile,atotalof75percentofadultsaged55yearsoroldersaidtheywereveryorsomewhatworried,thehighestamongallU.S.respondents.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;March2023;seenotes*;18yearsandolder;amongthosewhoare'veryworried'or'somewhatworried';*Surveyheldin18marketsworldwide,samplesizepermarketvariedbetween512and2,007.

ReadmoreSource(s):YouGovAttitudestowhoshouldberesponsibleforstoppingthespreadofmisinformationintheUnitedStatesasofJune2022,bypoliticalaffiliationAttitudestoentityresponsibleforstoppingmisinformationU.S.2022,bypoliticsOverall59%DemocratsRepublicans90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%80%73%70%63%62%59%54%54%46%49%39%32%31%18%8%4%1%NewsorganizationsIndividualusersSocialmediaplatforms

IndependentwatchdogsGovernmentNoone18Description:Theresultsofasurveyheldinsummer2022foundthatattitudestowardswhoshouldbeheldaccountableforthespreadofmisinformationvariedaccordingtopoliticalaffiliation,withasubstantiallyhighershareofDemocratssayingtheyfeltthatsocialmediaplatformswereresponsiblethanRepublicans.Overall,thegovernmentwasdeemedlessresponsiblethanotherentities.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;June2022;1,004respondents;18-74yearsSource(s):SGenZandmillennials'attitudestothelevelofresponsibilitycertaininstitutionshaveforthespreadofmisinformationintheUnitedStatesasofJune2022GenZandmillennialsattitudestomisinformationintheU.S.2022ShareofrespondentsAgreatdeal/quiteabit20%

40%Amoderateamount60%Onlyalittle/notatall80%0%100%120%ThenewsmediaPoliticiansintheU.S.SocialmediacompaniesTheU.S.governmentSocialmediausers55%56%56%28%27%27%17%15%16%48%32%19%57%27%16%Foreigngovernments41%34%24%19Description:AreportheldinJune2022amongGenZandmillennialsintheUnitedStatesfoundthat57percentfeltthatsocialmediausershadagreatdealorquiteasubstantialamountofresponsibilityforthespreadofmisinformationaboutcurrenteventsandimportantissues.Morethan50percentofrespondentsalsofeltthatthenewsmedia,politiciansintheU.S.,andsocialmediacompanieshadalargeamountofresponsibilityinthisrespect.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;May18toJune8,2022;5,975respondents;16-40yearsSource(s):AmericanPressInstitute;AP-NORCGenZandmillennials'attitudestohowproblematiccertainelementsofthenewsandinformationenvironmentareintheUnitedStatesasofJune2022GenZandmillennialsonproblemswiththenewsindustryintheU.S.2022ShareofrespondentsMajorproblemMinorproblem0%

10%

20%Notaproblem30%40%50%60%70%26%80%90%

100%

110%12%NewsstoriesthatseemtomostlycreateconflictratherthanhelpaddressitMediaoutletsthatpassonconspiracytheoriesandunsubstantiatedrumorsJournalistsfromrealnewsorganizationsmakingthingsupNewsstoriesfromrealnewsorganizationsthatareunfairorsloppyMade-upstoriesfromfictionalnewsoutlets60%54%30%31%33%14%14%13%17%16%53%52%52%30%Journalistshavingtoomuchopinionintheirstories45%38%20Description:AreportheldinJune2022amongGenZandmillennialsintheUnitedStatesrevealedthat86percentbelievedthatnewsstoriescreatingconflictratherthanaddressingthemwereamajororminorproblem.Meanwhile,52percentfeltthatmade-upstorieswereapertinentissueinthenewsindustry,aswellas45percentwhoconsideredjournalistshavingtoomuchopinionintheirstoriestobeveryproblematic.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;May18toJune8,2022;5,975respondents;16-40yearsSource(s):AmericanPressInstitute;AP-NORCCHAPTER

04TrustinnewsoutletsTrustinmediainselectedcountriesworldwidefrom2021to2023Trustinmediaworldwide2021-2023Leveloftrust2023202240%20210%10%20%30%50%60%70%80%90%77%79%80%ChinaIndonesiaThailand70%72%73%69%67%66%67%66%India62%63%UnitedArabEmiratesKenya62%64%62%63%57%61%60%60%SaudiArabiaSingaporeMalaysiaNigeriaNetherlandsMexico64%59%59%60%60%55%56%51%51%56%55%58%56%54%422Description:Duringasurveyheldin2023,77percentofrespondentsfromChinastatedthattheytrustedthemediaasasourceofreliableinformation.Chineseconsumerswerethereforethemostlikelytohavefaithinthemedia,whereasthoseintheUnitedKingdom,Japan,Argentina,andSouthKoreawereattheotherendofthespectrum.Trustinmediadroppedbetween2021and2023inmostcountriessurveyedinthestudy,inparticularinArgentina,whichsawadeclineof10percentagepointsin[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021to2023;32,000+respondents;18yearsandolder;1,150respondentspercountrySource(s):EdelmanLeveloftrustinthemassmediatoreportthenewsfully,accurately,andfairlyamongadultsintheUnitedStatesfrom2000to2023PerceivedobjectivityofmassmediaintheU.S.2000-2023GreatdealFairamountNotverymuchNoneatall120%100%80%60%40%20%0%12%11%

11%35%

35%14%12%37%16%39%17%

17%18%37%21%

19%

21%21%35%22%

24%

24%33%27%41%24%30%29%29%28%28%30%28%33%27%34%29%38%

39%37%

33%35%

35%38%

38%36%36%39%36%

36%28%29%40%14%41%

44%39%37%13%31%35%

31%

33%33%11%35%9%34%30%10%31%9%32%8%33%7%29%7%24%8%27%

25%7%

7%13%

14%

13%12%

12%12%

11%10%9%9%9%

10%2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

202323Description:In2023,justsevenpercentofrespondentsstatedtheyhadagreatdealoftrustinthemassmediawhenitcametoreportingthenewsfully,accurately,andfairly,downbytwopercentfromthepreviousyear.Meanwhile,39percentofrespondentshadnotrustatallinthemassmedia,thehighestrecordedinthetimeperiodshown.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2000to2023;2023:1,016;18yearsandolder;massmediaincludestelevision,newspapers,andradioSource(s):GallupShareofadultswhotrustthemassmediatoreportthenewsfully,accurately,andfairlyintheUnitedStatesfrom2019to2023,bypoliticalaffiliationPerceivedobjectivityofmassmediaintheU.S.2019-2023,bypoliticalaffiliation2019202020212022202380%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%73%70%69%68%58%36%36%31%29%27%15%14%11%11%10%DemocratsIndependentsRepublicans24Description:AccordingtoasurveyheldinSeptember2023,theshareofDemocratswhotrustthemassmediatoreportthenewsfully,accurately,andfairlyintheUnitedStatesamountedto58percent,downfrom70percentinthepreviousyear.Meanwhile,11percentofRepublicanssaidthattheytrustedthenewsmediaagreatdealorafairamount.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2019to2023;2023:1.016;18yearsandolderSource(s):GallupLeveloftrustinnewssharedonselectedsocialmediaplatformsintheUnitedStatesasofApril2023TrustinnewssharedonsocialmediaintheU.S.2023ShareofrespondentsNeithertrustworthynoruntrustworthy30%

40%

50%Verytrustworthy/trustworthyUntrustworthy/veryuntrustworthyDon'tknow90%0%10%20%60%70%44%80%100%FacebookInstagramLinkedInParler21%19%27%27%7%35%22%18%25%24%30%16%17%12%14%19%24%24%27%34%26%25%Reddit31%25%SnapchatTikTok24%22%39%50%14%TruthSocialTwitter(X)WhatsAppYouTube20%31%29%31%27%36%13%11%17%20%32%27%35%26%25Description:DataontrustinthenewsreportedbyselectedsocialmediaplatformsintheUnitedStatesrevealedthatasofApril2023,newsfoundonTikTokwasconsideredtobetheleasttrustworthyoverall,with50percentofrespondentssayingtheydidnottrustnewstheyencounteredontheplatform.Facebook,X,andYouTubefaredthebestintermsoftrustworthynewscontent,withover20percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeltthereportingtheysawonthesesiteswasreliable.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;April3to9,2023;1,516respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):YouGovLeveloftrustinnewsreportedbyselectedbroadcastnewsmediaorganizationsintheUnitedStatesasofApril2023TrustinbroadcastnewsorganizationsintheU.S.2023ShareofrespondentsVerytrustworthy/trustworthy0%Neithertrustworthynotuntrustworthy20%

40%Untrustworthy/veryuntrustworthyDon'tknow100%60%80%120%TheWeatherChannel62%22%8%9%PublicBroadcastingService47%44%23%24%18%24%11%ABC8%BBCCBSNBCCNN43%43%42%27%25%14%24%24%33%35%23%31%20%16%8%24%22%20%22%22%28%10%6%6%39%38%38%FoxNewsNationalPublicRadio(NPR)18%11%18%26%30%30%MSNBCC-SPANNewsmax36%34%29%26%25%24%22%21%22%OneAmericaNewsNetwork(OANN)AlJazeera22%24%26Description:DataontrustinthenewsreportedbyselectednewsmediaorganizationsintheUnitedStatesrevealedthatasofApril2023,FoxNewswastheleasttrustednewsoutletoverall,with35percentofrespondentsadmittingthattheyfeltFoxNews'reportingwasuntrustworthyorveryuntrustworthy.RespondentsweremostunsureaboutNewsmax,OneAmericaNewsNetwork,andAlJazeera,witharoundathirdsayingtheydidnotknowwhethertheyfoundnewsfromtheseorganizations[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;April3to9,2023;1,516respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):YouGovCHAPTER

05TrustinelectionnewsreportingMosttrustednewssourcesforinformationaboutthe2024presidentialelectionintheUnitedStatesasofJune2023,bypoliticalaffiliationNewssourcestrustedfor2024presidentialelectionnewsU.S.2023,bypoliticsDemocratRepublican75%Independent70%Total80%

74%70%69%69%58%58%56%56%56%60%54%53%50%48%47%46%46%46%46%50%44%41%41%41%40%39%38%38%38%37%40%32%31%30%25%20%10%0%28Description:AccordingtoasurveyheldintheUnitedStatesinJune2023,themosttrustedsourcefor2024presidentialelectionnewsamongDemocratvoterswerenewspapers,with74percentsayingtheytrustedthem.Incontrast,RepublicanandIndependentswerelesssure,bothcitingnetworkTVastheirmosttrustedsourceforelectionnews.Socialmediafaredpoorlyinthisregardamongrespondentsacrossthepoliticalspectrum.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;June2023;2,000respondents;18-64yearsSource(s):MagidAssociates;RTDNATrustplacedinnewsmediatoaccuratelyreportelectioninformationintheUnitedStatesin2023,byagegroupU.S.trustinnewsmediatoaccuratelyreportelectioninformation2023,byagegroupShareofrespondentsAgreatdealAfairamountNotmuch60%NotatallNotsure80%0%20%40%100%120%18to2930to4412%11%44%22%14%7%32%25%25%32%7%45to648%33%23%4%65andolder10%28%26%36%0%29Description:Headingintoapresidentialelectionyear,aDecember2023surveyfoundthataconsiderableshareofU.S.citizensovertheageof65didnotplacealotoftrustinthenewstoaccuratelyreportelectioninformation.Overone-thirdofrespondents65andolderrepo