(语法词汇)同等学历英语辅导

语法和词汇专项训练分册目录第一部分语法第一讲名词和代词…………（4）第二讲时态和语态…………（7）第三讲虚拟语气……………（9）第四讲各类从句及连词……………………（13）第五讲形容词、副词及其比较级和最高级………………（16）第六讲倒装结构……………（19）第七讲一致关系……………（22）第八讲非谓语动词…………（24）第九讲并列结构……………（28）第十讲情态动词……………（31）第二部分词汇第一讲出题思路与解题技巧………………（32）第二讲常见前缀后缀………………………（38）第三讲常见单词辨析………………………（39）第四讲词汇综合练习………………………（50）第一部分语法同等学力英语测试语法的主要题型为辨错题，另外在完型填空中也会涉及到一些。本部分主要针对辨错题对重点语法知识进行归纳讲解，旨在帮助考生了解试题的命题意图及辨错思路，并借助该部分的语法学习提高阅读、写作等综合能力。第一讲代词和名词常考知识点：名词代词所有格的构成及用法。注意双重所有格和复数名词的所有格：双重所有格：a(this,that,some,no…)+名词+所有格名词；复数名词所有格：字尾有s的复数名词+’;字尾无s的复数名词+s’。it的用法。it作为代词，可指代事物，可以表示天气、时间、距离等。尤其要注意it可以作为形式主语或形式宾语代替实际充当主语或宾语的不定式、动名词短语或从句。反身代词与代词宾格的区别。表示自己对自己发出的动作时，要用反身代词。注意常见易混修饰名词的形容词或代词：few/afew+可数名词复数anumberof+可数名词复数little/alittle+不可数名词anamountof+不可数名词注意other与another和区别:theother=thesecondoftwo另一个；others=otherpeople其他人（范指）；theothers=therest其他的人或物（一定范围内）;another=onemore/differentthing(person)=alsoone;one…theother…：两者当中的一个与另一个；one…another…：三者或三者以上中的一个与另一个。6、注意one(ones)和that的用法：one可用来指代可数名词，其复数为ones；其本身替代的是无定的名词，如特指，前面要用限定词the,these,those,this,that等；that可用来指代不可数名词，也可指代可数名词；其指代名词多是有定的，但只能带后置修饰语，不能带前置修饰语。二、真题解析：Sample1(2002年)ThereisfewevidencethatchildreninlanguageclassroomslearnforeignlanguagesanybetterABCthanadultsinsimilarclassroomsituations.DNote:答案为A。fewevidence应改为littleevidence.evidence为不可数名词，故不可以用few修饰。应注意区分little和few的用法。Sample2(2000年)Alloftheperformersintheplaydidwell.TheaudienceapplaudedtheactorsexcellentABCDperformance.Note:答案为D。actors应改为actors’。此题的考查点为名词所有格，即汉语中“…的”。这里需要注意的是，当名词的复数形式变为所有格形式时，其表达形式应为“复数形式+’”(后面的s省)。Sample3(2002年)ThenewtechnologyhasmadepossibleforthedoctortomakediagnoseswithoutseeingtheABCpatientinperson.DNote:答案为A。madepossible应改为madeitpossible。it是形式宾语，指forthedoctortomakediagnoses(医生确诊)这件事情。Sample4(1998年)Evidentlywedidn’tunderstanddirections,forwemadeawrongturnandfounduslost,ABCconfusedastowhichwayweshouldgo.DNote:答案为C。us应改为ourselves。“我们迷路了”，不能说“Wefounduslost”,而应当说“Wefoundourselveslost”。三、专项训练1.Whencuttingflowersforarranging,leavetwohealthyleavesandremainingstemstohelptheABCplantmaintainit’svigor.D2.Whathesaidinthemeetingwasnoteasytounderstandit.ABCD3.ThoseofuswhousecomputersdayinanddayoutshouldhavetheireyesexaminedatregularABCintervals.D4.Throughhisessays,poems,andlectures,RalphWaldoEmersonestablishedhimasamajorABthinkerofhistimeandasaleadingfigureofAmericanliterature.CD5.Unlikeanotherbloodcells,whitecellshaveanucleusthatenablesthemtodivideandABCDreproduce.6.MembersoftheassociationwereshockedbyCathywinningthegamesoeasily.ABCD7.ThisyearwillbedifficultforthisorganizationbecauseithaslessmoneyandvolunteersthanitABChadlastyear.D8.Therewillcomeadaywhenallofuswillbelivingincitiesquiteunlikeonesofthepresent.ABCD9.That’stimeyouandIcametoanunderstandingaboutourduties.ABCD10.AtthisperiodthearmywasmaintainingquitehighstandardsfortheircandidatesforofficerABCDtraining.参考答案：1.D错，it’s应改为its2.D错，it应去掉，多余3.C错，their应改为our4.B错，him应改为himself5.A错，another应改为other6.C错，Cathy应改为Cathy’s7.C错，lessmoneyandvolunteers应改为lessmoneyandfewervolunteers8.D错，ones应改为theones或those9.A错，That’s应改为It’s10.D错，their应改为its第二讲时态和语态常考知识点掌握与某个特定时态连用的时间状语：现在时：everyday,always,usually,sometimes,twiceaweek,often等；现在完成时和现在完成进行时：recently,lately,since,already,sofar,uptonow,for,thelast(past)two(three…)years(months…),thisday(week,month…)/thesedays(weeks,months…),allthisday(week,month)等；将来完成时：by/bytheendof+将来时间，when,before,until等引导的时间状语从句；过去完成时：by/bytheendof+过去时间，when,before,until等引导的时间状语从句；hardly/scarcely+过去完成进+when+过去时；nosooner+过去完成时+than+过去时。测试时态的试题常同时测试语态（主动或被动），应全面考虑。动词短语做谓语的被动语态中，注意不要将介词丢掉。二、真题解析：Sample1(2000年)ThisisthelongestflightIhaveevertaken.BythetimewegettoLosAngeles,wehadflownABCfor13hours.DNote:答案为C。hadflown应改为willhaveflown。句中的by（到…为止）短语作状语，常与完成时搭配使用。而过去完成时、现在完成时或将来完成时则取决于后面的时间。本题显然是指将来的时间。Sample2(2002年)CustomersareaskedtoensurethattheyhavegivencorrectchangebeforeleavingtheshopasABCmistakescannotbeafterwardsremedied.DNote:答案为B。havegiven应改为havebeengiven,因为customers不应该是“找钱”动作的发出者，应是“接受者”，故使用被动语态。Sample3(1999年)MorethanthreeyearsaftermovingfromAustraliatothisremotepointofEngland,wearestillABClearninghowthingshavedonehere.DNote:答案为D。havedone应改为aredone。首先，宾语从句…howthingshavedone中things与do之间是被动的关系；其次，句中的arestilllearning暗示动作还在进行，不强调动作已经完成，故不应用完成式。三、专项练习Theotherday,IfoundmywalletwhereIhadbeenleavingitsomeweeksago.ABCD2.Itwasthefirsttimehehasbeenatasummerschoolandhethoroughlyenjoyedit.ABCD3.Ilistenedtotheradiowhenyourangthebellthefirsttime,andthat’swhyIdidnothearyou.ABCD4.ThechemistryteachertoldthepupilsthatnoothersubstanceintheworldwasaslightasABCDhydrogen.5.ItexpectedthattheelectricitysupplyindustrywillberunningintosurpluscapacitybynextABCDyear.6.Hewantedthemtotreattheinformationasconfidential,butitmadepublicatapressABCDconference.7.Hesaidthathewillhavelivedinthatcityfor4yearsbytheendoftheyear.ABCD8.NottoomanyyearsagomymotherjoggedinthealleybehindourhousebecauseshewasABembarrassedtoseejogginginpublic.CD9.Whenhehurriedtotheairport,hefound,tohisgreatdisappointment,histicketandpassportABChavebeenleftathome.D10.ThecommitteearediscussingtheproblemforthewholedaybuttheyhavenotyetreachedABCDanagreement.参考答案：1.C错，hadbeenleaving应改为hadleft2.A错，hasbeen应改为hadbeen3.A错，listenedto应改为waslisteningto4.D错，was应改为is5.A错，expected应改为isexpected6.C错，made应改为wasmade7.B错，willhavelived应改为wouldhaveLived8.C错，tosee应改为tobeseen9.D错，havebeenleft应改为hadbeenleft10.B错，arediscussing应改为havebeendiscussed。第三讲虚拟语气常考知识点：1、if引导的虚拟条件句中：（1）熟记虚拟语气的主从句常规搭配形式：假设类型从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反动词过去式（be动词were）Would+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词Wouldhave+过去分词与将来事实相反should+动词原形wereto+动词原形Would(could,might)+动词原形（2）、注意虚拟条件中的if省略，从句要求主谓部分倒装；（3）、注意条件句与结果句两部分时间所指不一致的情况（如条件是过去，结果是现在）,尤其注意时间状语；2、表示命令、建议、意愿等的词语（动词或其派生出的形容词、名词），及表示必要性、重要性等的词语（形容词或名词），后接that从句中谓语用（should+）动词原形；if外的一些连词引导状语从句时，从句中谓语常用虚拟形式：asif/though,lest,forfearthat下列固定句型中需使用虚拟语气：wouldrathertha…过去式；Itis(high/about)timethat…过去式；Ifonly…过去式/过去完成式；注意下列介词或副词所隐含的假设条件：butfor(要不是因为)，without/with,otherwise/or,orelse,but二、真题解析：Sample1(2003年)Ifwe’dfoughtthatelectiononthetradeunionagenda,wewouldwinalotmorevotesthantheABCcampaignissueschosenbytheprofessionals.DNote:答案为C。wouldwin应改为wouldhavewon。虚拟语气中，从句时态为过去完成式，主句应为wouldhavedone的形式。Sample2(2000年)HisrecommendationthattheAirForceinvestigatestheUFOsightingwasapprovedbytheABCcommissionandreferredtotheappropriatecommittee.DNote:答案为A。investigates应改为（should）investigate。同位语从句中的先行词为recommendation,suggestion,proposal,insistence等词时，从句的谓语动词应用（should）do。Sample3(1999年)ShouldJohnresignandHenrysucceedhim,wewouldhavehadamorevigorousleadership.ABCDNote:答案为C。wouldhavehad应改为wouldhave。本题要注意从句中省略了if，采用了倒装形式，其谓语动词形式为shoulddo形式，其相应的主句应用would(might,could)do的形式。Sample4(1998年)Thelight,whichotherwisedisturbedthepatient,wasexcludedfromhisroombymeansoftheABCDwindowblind.Note:答案为B。disturbed应改为wouldhavedisturbed。这里要注意otherwise(否则)隐含了一个虚拟条件句，后面要接虚拟语气。Sample5(1997年)IoftenwanderwhatmylifewouldbelikeifIdidn’tgotothebeachthatafternoonwhenIwas14.ABCDNote:答案为C。didn’tgo应改为hadnotgone.本句要注意不能根据主句的时态来确定if虚拟条件句的谓语动词形式，而必须要看到从句中有个明显的表示过去的时间状语“whenIwas14”,因此从句的谓语动词形式应该是haddone的形式。三、专项练习1.ButfortheleadershipofourParty,wewillnothavesucceeded.ABCD2.Ifwehadpaidmoreattentiontotheseproblems,wewouldhavelargelyreducedtherisknow.ABCD3.IfitwerenotfortheguidanceofthePartycommittee,weshouldnothavegotsuchgreatABCDachievement.4.AnorderhascomefromBerlinthatnolanguagebutGermanwouldbetaughtintheschool.ABCD5.TheykeeptellingusitisofgreatimportancethatourrepresentativeissenttotheconferenceABConschedule.D6.Insectswillmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld,butfortheprotectionwegetfromABCinsect-eatinganimals.D7.Hadtheystayedathomeinsteadofgoingclimbingyesterday,theywouldn’thavebeensoABCtirednow.D8.Ididn’tknowhisnewtelephonenumber,otherwiseIwouldcalledhimthatday.ABCD9.ItishighlydesirablethateveryeffortistobemadetoreduceexpenditureandthateveryABmemberofthestaffeconomizewherepossible.CD10.Iwouldratherthattheytakeawalktogetherinsteadofwatchingtelevisionintheevening.ABCD参考答案：1.C错，willnothave应改为wouldnothave2.C错，wouldhave应改为would3.A错，werenot应改为hadnotbeen4.D错，wouldbe应改为(should)be5.C错，issent应改为(should)besent6.A错，will应改为would7.C错，wouldn’thavebeen应改为wouldn’tbe8.C错，wouldcalled应改为wouldhavecalled9.B错，istobemade应改为(should)bemade10.B错，take改为took。第四讲各类从句及连词常考知识点定语从句关系词用that：先行词是all,one,much,little,some,those,few,afew,anything,everything,nothing,或先行词受any,no,only,thesame,very,或受形容词最高级、序数词修饰，关系代词用that。非限定性定语从句：前面有逗号；先行词是物或前面整个句子时，关系代词用which，如果是人，用who或whom；注意that不能引导非限定性定语从句。关系代词whose在定语从句中的用法：做定语，修饰名词。关系代词在从句中充当介词的宾语：如介词提前，此时，指物用which，指人用whom；此时还要注意不要漏掉或误用介词。as和which引导非限定性定语从句，指代整个主句，其区别为：如果主句在前，用as/which均可；如果主句在后，只能用as,as也可插在主句之间。如果主语是reason，表语从句就不能用because引导，要用that,否则意思重叠。注意that和what引导主语从句和宾语从句的区别：that在句子中不做成分，只起引导作用；what在从句中要做成分（主语、宾语或定语）。下列关系代词和关系副词不需要先行词：whoever,whichever,whatever,wherever…注意不要将下列连接词语混用：that-which;who-whom;that-what;unless-if;as/solongas-as/sofaras;such…that-such…as10、注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导同位语从句，不在从句中做成分；而that引导定语从句必须在从句中充当成分（主语或宾语）。11、注意下列起承接上下文作用的连词或副词：连词：while,since,justas…so…(注意as和like表示像时的区别：as为连词，like为介词)；副词：however,nevertheless,furthermore,moreover,therefore,thereby,otherwise,likewise二、真题解析Sample1(2000年)Thirteenhundredmedicalprofessionals,allofwhichhavebeentrainedtotreatdrugdependency,ABattendedtheannualconventionsponsoredbythesociety.CDNote:答案为B。allofwhich应该为allofwhom。关系代词在从句中充当介词of的宾语，代指前面的“medicalprofessionals”,很明显是指人，故应用whom。Sample2(1998年)VincentVanGoghkilledhimselfwhenhewasonly37,butheleftbehindhimmorethan2000ABpaintingsanddrawings,thatestablishedhisreputationinawayhewouldneverhaveconsideredCDpossible.Note:答案为C。that应改为which。本句为非限定性定语从句，不能用that。Sample3(2002年)ThefactwhichagoodteacherhassomeofthegiftsofagoodactordoesnotmeanthathewillABCindeedbeabletoactwellonthestage.DNote:答案为A。which应改为that。fact后面的从句为同位语从句，不是定语从句，因此只能用that。Sample4(2000年)ThatthewomanwassayingwassoimportantthatIaskedeveryonetostoptalkingandlisten.ABCDNote:答案为A。That应改为What。that引导主语从句时，不充当句子成分，只起引导作用；而本题中saying缺少宾语，故应改为what。三、专项训练1.NancyandFredareaverycharmingcouple,inwhichhousewearegivingtheparty.ABCD2.Thiskindofanimalisfoundmostfrequentlyinwarm,humidregionswhichflowersandsmallABCinsectsabound.D3.ThesadtruthiswhatmostofushavebeenbroughtuptoeatcertainfoodsandwesticktothemABCDallourlives.4.Whendidheleavetheclassroomwasnotknowntotheteacherandtheotherstudents.ABCD5.Mostpeopleknowthatitisliketohavetheirbloodpressuretaken,butfewunderstandtheABCmeaningofthenumbersusedtorecordbloodpressure.D6.Thereasonwhichshegaveupthechancetostudyabroadisherownaffair.ABCD7.Whatisoftenthecase,thefoolthinksheisveryclever.ABCD8.Nomatterwhattiringadayshehashad,sheneverloseshergoodhumor.ABCD9.Nosoonerhadthewordsbeenspokenthatherealizedthatheshouldhaveremainedsilent.ABCD10.Inproportiontoitssize,thehungriestanimalistheshrew,thatmustconsumeseveraltimesitsABCownweighteveryday.D参考答案：1.D错，which应改为whose2.C错，which应改为where3.A错，what应改为that4.B错，didheleft应改为heleft5.A错，that应改为what6.A错，which应改为why7.A错，What应改为That8.A错，Nomatterwhat应改为Nomatterhow9.B错，that应改为than10.B错，that应改为which第五讲形容词、副词及其比较级和最高级常考知识点注意不要将形容词副词误用。形容词可作定语修饰名词，作表语或宾语补足语；副词修饰形容词、分词、动词或整个句子。注意以-ly结尾的形容词：costly,friendly,leisurely,lonely,likely,brotherly,monthly,yearly,earthly等。注意一些含有否定意义的副词：hardly,rarely,seldom,scarcely等。注意不要将more…than…结构与as+形容词或副词原级+as两种对应结构混用。在同级比较结构中so只能用在否定句中，即：notso…as…,而as既可用于肯定句也可用于否定句,即:(not)as…as….下列形容词没有比较级形式,表示比较是后面跟to,不跟than连用:inferiorminorseniorpriorsuperiormajorjuniorpreferable注意下列副词、形容词的位置和顺序：so,as,too,how,however+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词；如：toolargeahousesuch,what+a+形容词+单数可数名词；如：Whatalargehouse!注意区分由-ing分词和-ed分词转化而来的两类形容词。-ing分词转化来的形容词通常具有主动意义，多用于修饰物；-ed分词转化来的形容词通常含有被动意义，多用于修饰人。注意比较级与最高级的构成方式，并注意区分the+最高级和the+比较级。最高级前面要加定冠词或其它限定词；比较级前一般不能加定冠词，但如是两者之间的比较，表示“哪一个更…”，此时要用定冠词+比较级。注意习惯用语ratherthan,otherthan，虽然含有than，但并不表示比较，不必与比较级同时出现。注意比较结构中比较对象是否一致，是否采取相同形式。二、真题解析Sample1(2003年)Atthelocallevelindividualauthorities,whichhaverathergreaterfreedominplanningthantheirABCEnglishcounterparts,havebeenactivelyinencouraginginvestment.DNote:答案为D。actively应改为active。been为系动词，后应接形容词作表语，actively为副词。Sample2(1999年)Althoughwehadbeenpresentatroughlythesametime,Mr.BrownsawthesituationquiteABdifferentfromthewayIsawit.CDNote:答案为C。different应改为differently。本句中需要一个副词来修饰前面的动词saw。Sample3(2002年)Thisresearchprogramisfinancedbytwofunds,thelargestofwhichcouldlastfortwoyears.ABCDNote:答案为C。thelargest应改为thelarger。根据前半句可知，是在twofunds两者之间进行比较，故应用the+比较级。Sample4(2003年)WecannothardlyexpectadolescentstohaverespectforthepossessionsofothersiftheyhavenoABChopeofattaininganyoftheirown.DNote:答案为A。cannothardly应改为canhardly。注意hardly本身含有否定意义，表示“几乎不”，因此，cannothardly中not多余，应去掉。Sample5(2001年)Overseastravelsoundsexcitedandsometimesexoticbutnoteveryonecanaffordit.ABCDNote:答案为B。excited应改为exciting。过去分词转变来的形容词excited的主语一般为人（或有生命的东西），意为“感到兴奋、激动”；而本句中主语为物overseastravel，故应用exciting，意为“令人激动、兴奋的”。三、专项练习1.Itwasregardedinthepastthatwomenweremoreinferiorthanmen,butofcourseitprovedABCDwrong.2.SmokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkillsoverseventimespeopleeachyearthanABCDautomobileaccidents.3.Itwasanexcitedbutstressfultimeinmylife,forwhiletryingtoadjusttothenoveltyoftheABCunfamiliarsurroundings,Iwasstilllearningtocopewiththepainofmyfather’srecentdeath.D4.FewerpeopleresideinNewfoundlandasinanyotherCanadianprovinceexceptPrinceEdwardABCDIsland.5.TheradiowasofsoinferiorqualitythatItookitbackandaskedforabetterone.ABCD6.X-raysareabletopassthroughobjectsandthusmakevisiblydetailsthatareotherwiseABCimpossibletoobserve.D7.Beingthoughtofashavingmadetremendousachievementsinthefieldofeconomy,ChinaisABConeofthemostrapidchangingcountriesintheworld.D8.Withthegrowthofindependencebetweendifferentregionsoftheworld,itiseasytoseethatAanypermanentlyeconomicorpoliticalinstabilityinoneareaisboundtohaveanincreasinglyBCseriouseffectupontherestoftheworld.D9.Despitethissimilaritywithothercreatures,theevolutionofhumankinddiffersfromotherABCspeciesinoneimportantanduniqueway.D10.Jupiteristhefifthplanetfromthesunandthebiggerplanetofthesolarsystem,withaABdiameterapproximatelyeleventimesthatoftheEarth.CD参考答案：1.C错，moreinferiorthan应改为inferiorto2.C错，overseventimes应改为overseventimesmore3.A错，excited应改为exciting4.B错，as应改为than5.A错，so应改为such6.C错，visibly应改为visible7.D错，rapid应改为rapidly8.B错，permanently应改为permanent9.C错，otherspecies应改为thatofotherspecies10.B错，thebigger应改为thebiggest。第六讲倒装结构常考知识点以否定词或具有否定意义的短语开头的句子，要求倒装：no,not,neither,nor,never,nowhere;little,seldom,barely,hardly,scarcely,rarely;nolonger,noless,nomore,nosooner…than;notuntil,evenless,notonly…;undernocircumstances,innoway,bynomeans,onnoaccount,atnotime,innocase等。only+状语（副词、介词短语或从句）位于句首时，要求倒装：如：onlythen,onlyatthattime,onlywhen…as引导的让步状语从句，从句的状语或表语要放在as前。虚拟语气条件从句省略连词if，主谓应采用部分倒装。so…that和such…that句型中的so和such位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。注意以wh-开头的句子并不都是疑问句，而更多的是带疑问词的名词性从句。语序应为陈述语序。二、真题解析Sample1(2001年)Onlyoccasionallyonecouldtakeabreakoutofseason,gettingthebestbargainsthoughnotABCnecessarilythebestweather.DNote:答案为A。onecould应改为couldone。本句应采用倒装语序，因为句首为only+副词。Sample2(1999年)NeverbeforeIhaveseenanyonewhohastheskillJohnhaswhenherepairscars.ABCDNote:答案为A。Ihave应改为haveI。因为否定词及含有否定意义的短语位于句首时，句子要求部分倒装。本句中neverbefore表示否定意义，位于句首，故应用倒装。Sample3(1997年)NotonlyinobvioussituationssuchaswarsandrevolutionsenemiesarenecessaryandveryusefulABasawaytofocustheattentionandenergyofourfriendsandfollowers,butinoureverydayCactivitiesaswell.DNote:答案为B。enemiesare应该为areenemies。Notonly…butalso…句型中，notonly位于句首，其所在的句子要求倒装。三、专项练习1.Hardlyhehadfinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencestartedcheering.ABCD2.Onlythentheywereorderedtointensifytheirpatrolstoprotectourairspace.ABCD3.Notonlydidthegarageoverchargeme,buthadn’ttheydoneaverygoodrepairjobeither.ABCD4.UndernocircumstancesweshoulddoanythingthatwillbenefitourselvesbutharmtheinterestsABCDofthestate.5.Sobadlyhewasinjuredintheaccidentthathewasdelayedinthehospital.ABCD6.Neverbeforesomanypeoplehavebeeninterestedinforeignlanguagesinourcountry.ABCD7.Thesedifferencesshouldnothinderusfromestablishingnormalstaterelations,stilllessABCtheyshouldleadtowar.D8.Themorecomplexasubjectbecomes,themorenecessaryisittobreakitupintoanumberofABCpartswhichthereadercanvisualize.D9.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,thereshouldbealoudnoise.ABCD10.Howeverhestudiedhard,hestillfailedintheentranceexam.ABCD参考答案：1.B错，hehad应改为hadhe2.B错，theywere应改为werethey3.C错，hadn’ttheydone应改为theyhadn’tdone。4.B错，weshould应改为shouldwe5.B错，hewasinjured应改为washeinjured6.C错，somanypeoplehave应改为havesomanypeople7.D错，theyshould应改为shouldthey8.B错，isit应改为itis9.D错，thereshouldbe应改为shouldtherebe10.B错，hard应移至however之后第七讲一致关系一、常考知识点1、注意貌似单数、实为复数的词，包括data等不规则变化的复数名词，和只用复数的名词如police,及根据情况有时用做单数有时用做复数的集合名词如family,committee等。2、注意貌似复数、实为单数的词，包括表示学科或疾病的名词如politics,measles,还有一些固定复数形式的词如means,species等。3、动名词短语、不定式短语和从句做主语时，谓语用单数；但如果用and连接上述相同成分时，谓语则用复数。4、主语带有aswellas,accompaniedby,togetherwith,alongwith,suchas,but,except,lessthan,morethan,ratherthan,otherthan等附加成分时，该主语的数不受影响。注意两组用法易混淆的含of的短语做主语时，谓语的数视名词前的冠词而定：不定冠词，用复数；定冠词，用单数。anumberof许多，大量avarietyof…:各种各样的thenumberof…的数量thevarietyof…的种类6、注意oneof和theonlyoneof+复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句的谓语动词数的不同：前面是oneof，从句中谓语用复数；前面是theonlyoneof，从句中谓语用单数。下列并列连词连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于靠近动词的主语，即遵循靠近原则：notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,either…or…,ormanya+单数名词，谓语用单数；morethanone+单数名词，谓语用单数；但二者均表示复数概念“许多”。注意and连接并列名词，指两种概念，用复数；指同一概念，用单数。通常可用有无定冠词来确定。如：thesingeranddancer(同一个人),thesingerandthedancer(两个人)。注意倒装结构中及主语和谓语之间有定语从句或其它结构修饰时的主谓一致问题。注意代词与其所指代的名词在人称、数和格上的一致。二、真题解析Sample1(1999-1)Itistheinteractionbetweenpeople,ratherthantheeventsthatoccurintheirlivesthatarethemainABCfocusofsocialpsychology.DNote:答案为C。are应改为is。此句是强调句型，强调的是句子的主语theinteractionbetweenpeople,因此that后面的谓语动词的数应该跟theinteraction一致，应用单数。注意ratherthan后面的成分不影响主语的数。Sample2(1998-6)Perhapssurprisinglythemainobstaclestorealizethisdreamisneithertechnicalnorcommercial.ABCDNote:答案为D。is应改为are。本句的主语为obstacles,故谓语动词的形式应用复数。注意不要受torealizethisdream的干扰，该不定式是obstacles的定语。三、专项练习1.ManyastudentandmanyateacherinthatschoolbuiltinthesuburbshaveseenthatthreeABCdimensionalfilm.D2.HeusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshasnosatisfactoryABCexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationships.D3.Thereplacementofshopssuchasthegrocer’sandchemist’sbycafeshaveleftthehousewivesABCwithinsufficientfacilitiesforshopping.D4.JulianGodwin,socialworker,author,andspokeswomanforthepeaceandwomen’ssuffrageAmovements,receivemanyprizesforherhumanitarianachievements.BCD5.Thenewsofthelosssufferedbythefamilyweremuchworsethanwehadexpected.ABCD6.Notonlytheswitchesbutalsotheoldwiringhavebeenchanged.ABCD7.Everychangeofseason,everychangeofweather,indeed,everyhouroftheday,producesomeA