中考英语语法复习动词的形式知识讲解

中考英语语法复习动词的形式知识讲解动词的形式：动词有四种基本形式：现在式（又分为动词原形和第三人单数形式）、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。一、现在式现在式是动词的最基本形式，分为动词原形和第三人称单数形式。如果现在式的主语是第三人称单数，动词应变成相应的第三人称单数形式。其变化形式如下：构成规则动词原形第三人称单数形式一般动词在词尾加-s构成workworksgetgetsreadreads以o，s，x，sh，ch结尾的动词在词尾加-esgogoesexpressexpressesfixfixesbrushbrushesteachteaches以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加-esstudystudiesflyfliestrytries二、过去式和过去分词过去式表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态，主要用来构成一般过去时。动词过去式的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化两种情况，动词的过去分词形式主要用来构成

完成时态和被动语态。动词的过去式、过去分词的规则变化如下：变化规则动词原形过去式过去分词一般情况下加-edwork，look，helpworked，looked，helpedworked，looked，helped以不发间的e结尾的词直接加-dhope，like，dancehoped，liked，dancedhoped，liked，danced以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i再加-edstudy，copy，carrystudied，copied，carriedstudied，copied，carried以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-ednod，stop，plannodded，stopped，plannednodded，stopped，planned常见动词的过去式、过去分词不规则变化列表如下动词原形过去式过去分词动词原形过去式过去分词awake

（使）醒来awokeawokenlight点燃，照亮lighted/litlighted/litbear忍受borebornelose失去lostlostbeat击败beatbeatenmake制造，迫使mademadebecome成为becamebecomemeet遇见metmetbegin开始beganbegunmean意味着，打算meantmeantbend弯腰；压弯bentbentmistake误会，弄错mistookmistakenbite叮；咬bitbittenpay付款paidpaidblow吹blewblownride骑roderiddenbreak打碎brokebrokenring鸣响rangrungbring带来broughtbroughtrise增加，上升roserisenbuild建造builtbuiltrun跑ranrunbuy买boughtboughtsee看见sawseencatch捉住caughtcaughtsell售卖，出售soldsoldchoose选择chosechosensend送出sentsentdig挖，掘dugdugshake摇动，颤动shookshakendo做diddoneshine发光，照亮shoneshonedraw绘画，引起drewdrawnshoot射伤shotshotdrink喝，饮drankdrunkshow出示showedshoweddrive驱赶，驾驶drovedrivenshrink收缩shrankshrunkeat吃ateeatensing唱sangsungfall摔倒，跌落fellfallensink下沉sanksunkfeel感觉feltfeltsit坐satsittenfight战斗，打架foughtfoughtsleep睡觉sleptsleptfind发现，碰见foundfoundsmell闻smelt/smelledsmelt/smelledflee逃走fledfledsow播种sowedsown/sowedfly飞flewflownspeak讲话spokespokenforget忘记forgotforgottenspell拼写speltspeltfreeze结冰，冻结frozefrozenspend花费spentspentget得到gotgot/gottenstand站/忍受stoodstoodgive交给，赠送gavegivensteal偷stolestolengo去wentgonestick刺，粘贴stuckstuckgrow生长grewgrownstrike罢工struckstruckhang悬挂hunghungswear

发誓，诅咒sworeswornhave有hadhadsweep打扫sweptswepthear听见heardheardswim游泳swanswumhold握住heldheldholdentake拿，做tooktakenhurt损伤，伤害hurthurtteach教taughttaughtkeep保持keptkepttell告诉threwthrownknow知道，认识knewknownthink想，认为thoughtthoughtlay放置laidlaidthrow扔，投threwthrownlead带领，导致ledledunderstand

理解，明白understoodunderstoodlearn学习learnedlearntlelearnedlearntundertake

承担，接受undertookundertakenleave离开，留下leftleftwake醒wokewokenlend借出lentlentwear穿，磨坏worewornlet让letletWeep

哭泣，流（泪）weptweptlie躺laylainwin获胜，赢wonwon三、现在分词现在分词主要构成现在进行时和过去进行时，其构成如下：构成规则动词原形现在分词一般情况下加-ingwork，learn，teachworking，learning，teaching以不发间的e结尾的词，去掉e直接加-ingwrite，take，usewriting，taking，using以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写这个辅音字母再加-ingrun，stop，forgetrunning，stopping，forg