山东省青岛市莱西市2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末试题含解析

-26-高一学业水平阶段性检测(四)英语试卷留意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号、回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分:听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whattimeisitnow?A.Itis7:30.B.Itis7:00.C.Itis6:30.2.Whataretheytalkingabout?A.Anappointment.B.Theweather?C.Doingexercise.3.WhatdoesJimthinkofhisnewiPad?A.Heispleasedwithit.BHethinkshecouldhavefoundabetterone.C.Helikedhisoldonebetter.4.Whereistheconversationprobablytakingplace?A.Inashop.B.Atabank.C.Inanoffice.5.Whatcanwelearnfromthisconversation?A.Bobdidn’tinviteMarytohiswedding.B.Marydoesn’twanttogototheweddingC.MaryhasgotanotherplanforSundaynight.其次节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whereistheconversationprobablytakingplace?A.AtDisneylandB.Onabus.C.Inthestreet.7.WhendoesDisneylandopenonSunday?A.At8:30.B.At9:00.C.At9:30.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.What’sthemostlikelyrelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Teacherandstudent.9.Whatdoesthegirlagreetodo?A.Loseweight.B.Studyhard.C.Domoreexercise.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题.10.WhichpositiondidMr.Smithapplyfor?A.Salesmanager.B.Engineer.C.Instructor.11.WhenisMr.Smithgoingtohavehisinterview?A.OnFebruary5th.B.OnFebruary7th.C.OnFebruary8th.12.WhichonedoesMr.Smithneedtobringtohisinterview?A.Anapplicationletter.B.AnIDcard.C.Hisresume.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whataretheytalkingabout?A.Rentinganapartment.B.Decoratinganapartment.C.Buyinganapartment14.Whichapartmentmeetsthewoman’srequirements?A.Aone-bedroomapartmentwithfullfurniture.B.Atwo-bedroomapartmentwithoutaheatingsystem.C.Atwo-bedroomapartmentwithfullfurnitureandotherfacilities.15.Whichfloorwouldthewomanprefer?A.Thefourthfloor.B.Thefourteenthfloor.C.Thetwenty-fourthfloor.16.What’sthewoman’stelephonenumber?A.It’s78268385.B.It’s76288385.C.It’s78268583.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.What’sthespeakertalkingabout?A.Plasticbags.B.Airpollution.C.Thegovernment18.Whatisharmfulaboutplasticbags?A.Theymakeitdifficulttodogarbagesorting.B.Theyarelightandarethrownawayeverywhere.C.Theycausewhitepollution.19.What’sthespeaker’ssuggestion?A.Itwouldbebetterifweusedtraditionalclothbags.B.Peopleshouldbeforbiddentouseplasticbags.C.Weshouldburyplasticbagsinthesoil.20.What’sthespeaker’sattitudetowardthegovernmentban?A.Negative.B.Positive.C.Doubtful.其次部分。阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15个小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AUpcomingFoodFestivalsinSummerStuttgarterWeindorf(Stuttgart,Germany),August21-25Thisfoodfestivalcelebrateswineonthelandofbeer.Germanwineisobviouslyunderrated.Stuttgart’sannualWeindorfsees28openairrestaurantsservingmorethan500winesfromBadenandWurttemberg,withreds,whites,rosesandsparklingversionsallavaiable.Freshpretzelsandchocolateswillalsobeavailabletohelpmopupthealcohol.Matstreif(Oslo,Norway),July11-12Withawidevarietyofdishesavailableatwallet-sparingprices,thiseventseesmorethan200foodstallsopenforbusinessinOslo’sCityHallSquare.Boldfoodiesshouldtry“rakfisk”-rottenfish.Ifthatsoundsabitmuch,there’salways“svele”,akindofpancakethatoriginatesfromwesternNorway.LochLomondFoodandDrinkFestival(LochLomond,Scotland),August4-6The10thannualeditionofthisfestivaloffersoneofthebestshowcasesforScottishproduce.Onthemenuarelocalspecialtiesandvenison(鹿肉)fromthesurroundingnationalpark.Forthosewholikeacompetitiveedgewiththeirlunch,there’sevena“haggis”eatingcontestthatpitseighthungryvisitorsagainsteachothertoseewhocaneatapoundofthelocalfoodCheese2024(Bra,Italy),August27-September2Thenameisabitofagiveawayhere.Thisbi-annualeventseesItaly’sbestcheesemakersgatheronthesmalltownofBra.Itsfreetovisit,althoughplentyofeuros(欧元)areneededtopayforsamplesandtryoutsomeofthecoursesonoffer.Whatevertheyarehuntingfor,cheeseloverswillbewelltakencareof.Theyjustneedtomakesurethere’stimeforpost-cheesesnoozebeforethenextroundofcheesetasting.1.WhatcanvisitorsdoattheNorwegianfoodfestival?A.Trysomepancakes.B.Eatapoundofhaggis.C.Drinkredandwhitewines.D.Buysamplesofcheese.2.Wherecanpeoplejoininaneatingcompetition?A.InOslo,Norway. B.InLochLomond,Scotland.C.InStuttgart,Gemmany. D.InBra,Italy.3.Whichfoodfestivallastslongest?A.Matstreif. B.LochLomondFoodandDrinkFestival.C.StuttgarterWeindorf. D.Cheese2024.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了即将到来的夏季美食节。【1题详解】微小环节理解题。依据标题Matstreif(Oslo,Norway),July11-12下面其次段末句“Ifthatsoundsabitmuch,there’salways“svele”,akindofpancakethatoriginatesfromwestenNorway.(假如这听起来有点多，还有“svele”，一种起源于挪威西部的煎饼。)”可知，游客在挪威美食节上可以吃到煎饼。故选A。【2题详解】微小环节理解题。依据标题LochLomondFoodandDrinkFestival(LochLomond,Scotland),August4-6下面其次段“Forthosewholikeacompetitiveedgewiththeirlunch,there’sevena“haggis”eatingcontestthatpitseighthungryvisitorsagainsteachothertoseewhocaneatapoundofthelocalfood.(对于那些宠爱在午餐上有竞争优势的人来说，甚至还有一个“吃羊肚杂碎”竞赛，让8个饥饿的游客相互竞争，看谁能吃下一磅当地食物。)”可知，人们参与吃食竞赛是在LochLomond,Scotland。故选B。【3题详解】微小环节理解题。依据标题1“StuttgarterWeindorf(Stuttgart,Germany),August21-25”，标题2“Matstreif(Oslo,Norway),July11-12”，标题3“LochLomondFoodandDrinkFestival(LochLomond,Scotland),August4-6”以及标题4“Cheese2024(Bra,Italy),August27-September2”可知，Cheese2024的食物节持续时间最长，从8月27日至9月2日。故选D。BItwasabout10yearsagothatSandynoticedhermother,Pearl,hadbecomequietaftershemovedintoanursinghomeforpatientsofAlzheimer’sdisease.“Wetriedeverything—photos,oldstoriesbutnothingworked,”shesaid.“Itwasreallyhardforeveryonetoseehowshehadchanged.”ThenonedaywhileSandywasinatoystore,shehadanidea:WhynotgivePearlababydollsoshecouldfeelasifshewerecaringforsomethingagain?Andwhynotgiveonetoalltheelderlyinthecarecenter?AssoonasSandygavePearlthedoll,hermother’sfacelitup.“Shestartedtalkingagainandsheneverwentanywherewithoutthatbaby,”Sandysad.“Shetookthe‘baby’tothediningroomwithherandsleptwithherinherarmseverynight.Thedollbrightenedherlastyearsindeed.”Inthefollowing10years,Sandyandherhusband,Wayne,continuedtobuydollsandhandthemouttotheelderlyofcarecentersneartheirhomeeveryNewYear.NowPear’sMemoryBabiesisanonprofit(非营利)organizationthathascontributedmorethan300dollscoolpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseatnursinghomessinceFebruary2024.Lastyear,SandypostedNewYear’sphotosonFacebook,allofwhichareaboutseniorsreactedtodollsthatsheandWaynesenttoalocalnursinghome.Thepostwassharedmorethan210,000timesovernight.Peoplegavealmost$15,000online.Thathelpedthegroupbuymanydolls.“Thedollsoffertreatmentandcomfort”saidanurseworkingatacarecenter:“Someoldladiescrywhentheygetadoll.Andtheyalwaysrockandtalktotheirdolls.PeoplewithAlzheimermightlosetheirmemories,buttheydon’tlosetheirabilitytolove.”4.HowdidPearlchangeaftershemovedtoanursinghome?A.Shefeltbored. B.Shelosthopeinlife.C.Shehardlytalked D.Sheforgoteverything.5.HowdidPearlreactafterreceivingthedoll?A.Shebegantocry.B.Shedidn’tcareaboutit.C.Sheshareditwithababy.D.Shewasverydelighted.6.What’sParagraph5mainlyabout?A.People’sresponsetoSandy’spost.B.WhatSandydidforhermother.C.Therisingneedsforbabydolls.D.HowSandybecamefamous.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.GoodNewsforAlzheimer’sPatientsB.HowtoRemoveAlzheimer’sDiseaseC.BabyDollsCheerupAlzheimer’sPatientsD.DaughterHelpsMotherRecoverMemory【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述了桑迪夫妇为阿尔茨海默病患者捐赠玩偶，这些玩偶让病人兴奋起来，重新获得了生活的乐趣。【4题详解】微小环节理解题。依据第一段内容“Itwasabout10yearsagothatSandynoticedhermother,Pear,hadbecomequietaftershemovedintoanursinghomeforpatientsofAlzheimer’sdisease.”（大约10年前，桑迪留意到她的母亲珀尔在搬进阿尔茨海默病患者疗养院后变得宁静了。）可知，珀尔在搬进阿尔茨海默病患者疗养院后变得宁静了，由此可知，珀尔搬到疗养院后几乎不说话。故选C项。【5题详解】微小环节理解题。依据第三段关键句“AssoonasSandygavePearlthedoll,hermother’sfacelitup.”（桑迪一把娃娃递给珀尔，她妈妈就面露喜悦。）可知，珀尔收到娃娃后，面露喜悦，感到很兴奋，由此可知，珀尔收到娃娃后特别兴奋。故选D项。【6题详解】主旨大意题。依据第五段关键句“Thepostwassharedmorethan210,000timesovernight.Peoplegavealmost$15,000online.Thathelpedthegroupbuymanydolls.”（这篇帖子一夜之间被共享了超过21万次。人们在网上捐赠了近15000美元。这帮助该组织购买了很多玩偶。）可知，第五段内容告知我们桑迪的帖子引起很多人的关注，并且人们起先捐款，由此可知，第五段的主要内容是人们对桑迪帖子的反应。故选A项。7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最终一段内容““Thedollsoffertreatmentandcomfort”saidanurseworkingatacarecenter:“Someoldladiescrywhentheygetadoll.Andtheyalwaysrockandtalktotheirdolls.PeoplewithAlzheimermightlosetheirmemories,buttheydon’tlosetheirabilitytolove.””（一位在护理中心工作的护士说：“这些娃娃供应了治疗和劝慰。一些老太太一拿到娃娃就会哭。她们总是摇摆着和娃娃说话。阿尔茨海默病患者可能会失去记忆，但她们不会失去爱的实力。”）可知，文章主要讲解并描述了桑迪夫妇为阿尔茨海默病患者捐赠玩偶，这些玩偶让病人兴奋起来，重新获得了生活的乐趣，“BabyDollsCheerupAlzheimer’sPatients”意为“娃娃让阿尔茨海默病患者兴奋起来”，选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选C项。CTheculturesoftheEastandtheWestarereallydifferentfromeachotheralot.Thisisbecausetheculturesystemsaretwoseparateonesonthewhole.Theorigin(起源)oftheEasterncultureismainlyfromtwocountries:ChinaandIndia.Bothofthetwoculturesaredevelopedbyrivers—theYellowRiverinChinaandtheHinduRiverinIndia.Theyhelpedthetwoculturesdevelopforcenturiesandformtheirownstyles.WhenthetwomotherriversgavebirthtotheEasternculture,anotherfamousculturewasupontheMesopotamianPlain—theMesopotamianCivilization.ThiscivilizationlaterondevelopedintotheculturesofAncientGreeceandAncientRome.Andthesetwoarewell-knownasthebaseoftheEuropeanculture.LiketheChineseculture,theEuropeanculturealsocrossedwaters.WhentheBritishsettleddowninAmerica,theirculturewentwiththemovertheAtlanticOcean.SotheAmericanculturedoesn’thavemuchdifferencefromtheEuropeanculture.Atthesametime,someotherdifferencesaddtotheculturaldifferences.Takethelanguagesystemforexample.IntheEast,mostlanguagesbelongtothepictographic(象形)languagewhilethewesternlanguagesaremostlybasedontheLatinsystem.Othercauseslikehumanracedifferencescountaswell.Butwhat’smore,duetothefardistanceandthesteepareasbetweentheEastandthewest,thetwoculturesseldomcommunicateuntilrecentcenturies.Sotheygrewuptotallyintheirownwayswithalmostnointerferencefromtheother.Thedifferencesareeverywhere.Theyareobviousandmakepeople’swaysofthinkingandtheirviewsoftheworlddifferent.Butdifferentculturesmaketheworldof21stcenturymorecolorful.Theculturaldifferenceshouldnotbetheobstacle(障碍)tothecivilizationofhumanbeing.Itoughttobethedrivingforceofourgoingfarther.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theoriginofcultures. B.Culturedifferences.C.Languagesystems. D.Colorfulworld.9.WhyistheAmericanculturesimilartotheEuropeanculture?A.Bothofthetwocultureshaveaverylonghistory.B.TheyhavethesamemotherriversastheChineseculture.C.TheearlysettlersfromBritainbroughttheirculturetoAmerica.D.BoththeBritishandtheAmericanlivealongthecoastoftheAtlanticOcean.10.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“interference”inparagraph4?A.difference B.influenceC.confidence D.environment11.Whereisthepassagemostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Amagazine.C.Anovel. D.Aguidebook.【答案】8.B9.C10.B11.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。东西方文化不同，这是因为文化体统在整体上是独立的。东方文化源自于中国和印度，而西方文化源自于古希腊罗马。语言等也造就了文化差异。【8题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段中的“TheculturesoftheEastandtheWestarereallydifferentfromeachotheralot.Thisisbecausetheculturesystemsaretwoseparateonesonthewhole.”可知，东西方文化不同，这是因为文化体统在整体上是独立的。所以文章是关于文化差异的。故选B项。【9题详解】微小环节理解题。由第三段“WhentheBritishsettleddowninAmerica,theirculturewentwiththemovertheAtlanticOcean.SotheAmericanculturedoesn’thavemuchdifferencefromtheEuropeanculture.”可知，在英国人在美国定居时，英国的文化随之来到大西洋。因此美国文化与欧洲文化没有太大差异。所以，美国文化与欧洲文化相像是因为早期来自英国的定居者将他们的文化带到了美国。故选C项。【10题详解】词义揣测题。由第四段“duetothefardistanceandthesteepareasbetweentheEastandthewest,thetwoculturesseldomcommunicateuntilrecentcenturies.”可知，由于距离远和东西方间的峭壁区域，两种文化在最近几个世纪以前很少沟通。因此，沟通少就不会对彼此产生影响，就各自以自己的方式成长。所以interference在语境中做“影响”解，故选B项。【11题详解】推理推断题。由第一段中的“TheculturesoftheEastandtheWestarereallydifferentfromeachotheralot.Thisisbecausetheculturesystemsaretwoseparateonesonthewhole.”可知，东西方文化不同，这是因为文化体统在整体上是独立的。所以文章是关于文化差异的。这样的文章可能在杂志上出现，故选B项。DKenya’swildlifeofficialshavemadeafreemobilephoneapp,Makenya,tohelptrackwildanimalsinthecountry.Kenyaishometonearly400speciesofmammals.Officialssayitisgettingmoredifficulttoprotectthem,asclimatechangeandhumanactivitiesdamagetheirnaturalenvironment.Theappletsanyuserwhoseesawildmammalidentifyitandgiveitslocation.Usescanalsogiveotherdetails.“Youcanalsoaddthebehavior.Whenyouseethisanimalwhataretheydoing?Aretheyresting?Aretheyrunningaway?Aretheyfeeding?Whataretheydoingatthemomentyouseethem?saidDr.SimonMusil,awildliferesearcher.AccordingtoMusila,thereisaneedtohavemanypeopleusetheapptogetmoreinformationabouttheanimals.ThiscanhelpthesmallnumberofmammalspecialistinKenya.Thespecialistshavekeptrecordsoftheanimals’changingenvironmentsandsurvivalconditions.Manypeople,includingsafariguides,visitors,studentoranyonewhogoesoutandseestheanimalscouldalsousetheapp.Theycanuploadimagesandadddetails,suchasthenumberofmammalsandtheirexactlocations.SamsonOnyuok,oneoftheappusers,saidheisproudtohelpprotectanimalsinhiscountry.AsaKenyan,thatishislittlewayofcontributingtotheconservationinitiatives.Userslikehimhavereportedmorethan2500mammalsightingssinceAugust.ExpertssaythatwhileAfricaisnotthecauseofmuchclimatechange,itisbadlyaffectedbyit.Dr.PhilipMuruthi,directoroftheAfricanWildlifeFoundation,saidthatthebirthrateofraremammals(哺乳动物)andthesurvivalrateofyoungonesaredropping.“Itisveryhardtobenefitormanagewhatyoudon’tknow,”hesaid.“Thatiswhythisissoimportant.Itisgoingtotelluswhichspecieswehave,wheretheyare,andmaybewhichonesarehighlyendangered,whatweneedtodoaboutthem.Andespeciallynotjustthebigthingsbutalsothesmallthings,likethebats.”12.WhatareusersofMakenyaadvisedtodo?A.Uploadthedetailofthespottedanimals.B.Feedthehungryanimalsinthewild.C.Keeptherunninganimalsinsight.D.Takeapicturewiththespottedanimals.13.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSamsonOnyuok?A.Hardworking. B.Responsible. C.Careful. D.Patient.14.WhydoesDr.PhilipMuruthiconsidertheappsignificant?AItisdevelopedbyKenyanofficials.B.ItcostsjustalittleforKenyanusers.C.Itisinternationallysupported.D.ItpresentsoverallcasesofanimalinKenya.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.EndangeredanimalsinKenya.B.Researchonanimalstracking.C.Hi-techforanimalprotection.D.Popularappstoadmirewildanimals.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是肯尼亚野生动物官员制作了一款免费的手机应用程序Makenya，以帮助追踪该国的野生动物。【12题详解】微小环节理解题。依据第四段的“Theycanuploadimagesandadddetails,suchasthemumberofmammalsandtheirexactlocations.(他们可以上传图片并添加微小环节，比如哺乳动物的数量和它们的精确位置。)”可知，建议Makenya用户上传被发觉的动物的微小环节。故选A。【13题详解】推理推断题。依据倒数第三段的“SamsonOnyuok,oneoftheappusers,saidheisproudtohelpprotectanimalsinhiscountry.AsaKenyan,thatishislittlewayofcontributingtotheconservationinitiatives.(SamsonOnyuok是这款应用的用户之一，他说他很高傲能帮助疼惜自己国家的动物。作为一名肯尼亚人，这是他为疼惜支配做出贡献的一点方式。)”可知，他是有责任心的，故选B。【14题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段的“Thatiswhythisissoimportant.Itisgoingtotelluswhichspecieswehave,wheretheyare,andmaybewhichonesarehighlyendangered,whatweneedtodoaboutthem.Andespeciallynotjustthebigthingsbutalsothesmallthings,likethebats.(这就是为什么这如此重要。它会告知我们我们有哪些物种，它们在哪里，或许哪些是高度濒危的，我们须要做些什么。尤其是不只是大型动物，还有小型动物，比如蝙蝠。)”可知，PhilipMuruthi博士认为这款应用很重要是因为它展示了肯尼亚全部动物的状况，故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Kenya’swildlifeofficialshavemadeafreemobilephoneapp,Makenya,tohelptrackwildanimalsinthecountry.(肯尼亚野生动物官员制作了一款免费的手机应用程序Makenya，以帮助追踪该国的野生动物。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是一款免费的手机应用程序Makenya，以帮助追踪该国的野生动物，因此本文的主旨是C选项“Hi-techforanimalprotection.(动物疼惜高科技)”，故选C。其次节(共5个小题，每题2.5分;满分12.5分)依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。An18-year-girlKaylaPerkinsexplainswhatisinherbedroom,“IthrowsomethingonthefloorandIknowrightwhereitis.”However,herparents,SteveandDeborahPerkins,don’tthinkso.EvenKaylaadmitsthat,attheworst,herroomisamess.Mostfamiliesatsomepointhaveatleastonechildwhoseroomlookslikealandfill.____16____Dirtyclothespileup;dirtydishesgetlostinthemessandsmellbad;homeworkislost;andvaluablethingsareruined.Someparentsletitgo,believingthatabedroomisprivatespaceforchildrentomanageastheywish.____17____Whatdoesn’twork,parentingexpertssay,isconstantlectures,verbalthreatsorgettingveryangry.Mrs.PerkinssaystheypickedupalltheclothesonKayla’sfloorandhidthem.Theycleanedeverythingup.WhenKaylacamebacktoabarebedroom,therewasscreamingandshouting.“HowcanIlivewithoutmyclothes?”Mrs.PerkinsaskedKaylatoearnherclothesbackbydoinghousework.____18________19____Forexample,sinceJessica,the14-year-olddaughterwasn’tbotheredbythedirtyclothesalloverherfloor,thewholefamilystartedusingherroomasaplacetostoredirtyclothes.Herattitudechangedafterherfamilydidthat.Bythetimeshegaveinandcleanedupherroomafewdayslater,evenshewaslaughing.Parentingexperts,JimFay,alsorecommendsthatparentsfirstaskchildreninanicewaytocleanupandagreeonareasonabletimelimit.____20____.A.Humorcanhelp,too.B.It’seasysaidthandone.C.Thesedays,shekeepsherroomclean.D.Themesscanbadlyaffectthewholehousehold.E.Everyfamilyhasdifferentwaysofdealingwithit.F.Childrenoftenbehavebetterifyoutreatthemwithrespect.G.Othersofferrewardsforcleaning,orpunishthemwhentheydon’t.【答案】16.D17.G18.C19.A20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了教化孩子整理自己房间的方法。【16题详解】上文“Mostfamiliesatsomepointhaveatleastonechildwhoseroomlookslikealandfill.(大多数家庭在某些时候至少有一个孩子的房间看起来像垃圾填埋场)”介绍孩子的房间很混乱。结合选项，D项“Themesscanbadlyaffectthewholehousehold.(这种混乱会严峻影响到整个家庭)”承接上文，陈述了房间的混乱造成的影响。故选D。【17题详解】上文“Someparentsletitgo,believingthatabedroomisprivatespaceforchildrentomanageastheywish.(有些家长不去管它，他们认为卧房是孩子的私人空间，可以让他们为所欲为)”介绍有些父母面对孩子房间混乱所实行的措施。结合选项，G项“Othersofferrewardsforcleaning,orpunishthemwhentheydon’t.(别的父母则会因为清洁嘉奖孩子，否则就会惩处他们)”承接上文，介绍另外一些父母实行的措施。上文的“Someparents”和G项“Others”前后照应。故选G。【18题详解】上文“Mrs.PerkinsaskedKaylatoearnherclothesbackbydoinghousework.(珀金斯太太让凯拉做家务，把她的衣服挣回来)”介绍珀金斯太太通过藏起来孩子乱扔的衣服然后让她通过做家务来挣回衣服的方法来教化孩子。由此推知，空处应陈述这个方法的结果，C项“Thesedays,shekeepsherroomclean.(这些天，她保持房间干净)”符合题意。故选C。【19题详解】下文“Forexample,sinceJessica,the14-year-olddaughterwasn’tbotheredbythedirtyclothesalloverherfloor,thewholefamilystartedusingherroomasaplacetostoredirtyclothes.Herattitudechangedafterherfamilydidthat.(例如，14岁的女儿杰西卡不介意地板上到处都是脏衣服，于是全家人起先把她的房间当作存放脏衣服的地方。她的家人这么做后，她的看法就变更了)”通过例证来说明幽默也可以让孩子意识到问题。结合选项，A项“Humorcanhelp,too.(幽默也有帮助)”符合本段主旨。故选A。【20题详解】上文“Parentingexperts,JimFay,alsorecommendsthatparentsfirstaskchildreninanicewaytocleanupandagreeonareasonabletimelimit.(育儿专家吉姆·费伊还建议，父母首先用友好的方式让孩子打扫卫生，并约定一个合理的时间限制)”可知，在敬重孩子的基础上约定时间期限。由此推知，空处陈述这样的做的结果。结合选项，F项“Childrenoftenbehavebetterifyoutreatthemwithrespect.(假如你敬重孩子，他们往往会变得更好)”符合题意。故选F。第三部分:语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处Itisquiteachallengetogetclosetoananimalinthewild,somuchofour____21____ofwildlifecomesfrompicturestakenby____22____professionalsthatknowhowtogoneartotheseanimals.Theseprofessionalsarewildlifephotographers.Wildlifephotographersdependnotonlyontheirphotographicskillsbutalsoontheirknowledgeofwildlife.Togetgoodpictures,theysometimeshaveto____23____longwaits,awfulweather,andeventhe____24____ofanimalattacks.Oncetheyhavebecome____25____withalocation,photographerscanbegintoget____26____enoughtoanimalstotakepictures.Somephotographers____27____inhut-like(茅舍样的)structurescalledblinds.Thismethodworkswellwithanimalssuchasbirdsthatdependmainlyontheirsightto____28____danger.Blinds,____29____,donotworkwellfortakingpicturesofanimalswithasharpsenseof____30____.Photographersmaygetclosetotheseanimalsonfoot,staydownwindand____31____suddenmovements.Foodornoises,suchasbirdcalls,mayalsobeusedtoattractwildlifeinto____32____.Fordifficultanimals,aphotographermayeven____33____acamerainthewildwithatripline(绊脚线).Animalsthattouchthelinestartittotakepicturesofthem.Eachorthese____34____requiresgreatpatienceandknowledge,buttherewardcanbea____35____sightofnature.21.A.protection B.fear C.knowledge D.respect22.A.skilled B.strong C.young D.curious23.A.stand B.admit C.expect D.enjoy24.A.game B.danger C.plan D.idea25.A.bored B.careful C.familiar D.excited26.A.paid B.anxious C.satisfied D.close27.A.sleep B.hide C.rest D.live28.A.adapt B.cover C.face D.sense29.A.otherwise B.moreover C.however D.therefore30.A.sight B.hearing C.touch D.smell31.A.refuse B.avoid C.make D.adopt32.A.view B.trap C.action D.attack33.A.leave B.take C.lose D.remove34.A.animals B.approaches C.lines D.cameras35.A.common B.boring C.frightening D.amazing【答案】21.C22.A23.A24.B25.C26.D27.B28.D29.C30.D31.B32.A33.A34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了摄影师在野外拍摄的困难以及克服的方法。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在野外接近动物是一个相当大的挑战，所以我们对野生动物的很多学问都来自于那些知道如何接近这些动物的娴熟专业人士拍摄的照片。A.protection疼惜；B.fear恐惊；C.knowledge学问；D.respect敬重。依据本句中“picturestakenfessionals”以及下文“theirknowledgeofwildlife”可知，专业人士拍摄的照片供应应我们对野生动物的学问。故选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在野外接近动物是一个相当大的挑战，所以我们对野生动物的很多学问都来自于那些知道如何接近这些动物的娴熟专业人士拍摄的照片。A.skilled娴熟的；B.strong强壮的；C.young年轻的；D.curious新奇 的。依据空后“professionals”可知，专业人士自然是娴熟的。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了拍出好照片，他们有时不得不忍受漫长的等待，恶劣的天气，甚至动物攻击的紧急。A.stand忍受；B.admit承认；C.expect期盼；D.enjoy享受。依据空后“longwaits,awfulweather”可知，为了拍出好照片，他们不得不忍受这些糟糕的状况。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了拍出好照片，他们有时不得不忍受漫长的等待，恶劣的天气，甚至动物攻击的紧急。A.game嬉戏；B.danger紧急；C.plan支配；D.idea方法。依据常识以及空后“ofanimalattacks”可知，动物攻击是紧急的。故选B。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦他们熟识了一个地点，摄影师就可以起先接近动物拍照。A.bored厌烦的；B.careful细致的；C.familiar熟识的；D.excited兴奋的。依据常识可知，得先熟识四周环境，才能进一步拍摄。故选C。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦他们熟识了一个地点，摄影师就可以起先接近动物拍照。A.paid有偿的；B.anxious焦虑的；C.satisfied满足的；D.close接近的。依据常识可知，拍摄动物要尽可能地近才可以更好。且getcloseto为固定搭配“接近”。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些摄影师躲在被称为百叶窗的茅屋状结构中。A.sleep睡觉；B.hide躲藏；C.rest休息；D.live居住。依据前文“Itisquiteachallengetogetclosetoananimalinthewild”可知，接近动物是很大地挑战，所以摄影师不得不躲藏在茅屋状结构中。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种方法对鸟类等主要依靠视觉感知紧急的动物很有效。A.adapt适应；B.cover覆盖；C.face面对；D.sense感知。依据常识以及前文“Somephotographers7inhut-like(茅舍样的)structurescalledblinds”可知，躲藏起来拍摄的方法是针对依靠视觉感知紧急的动物。故选D。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，百叶窗在拍摄嗅觉灵敏的动物时效果不佳。A.otherwise否则；B.moreover而且；C.however然而；D.therefore因此。依据前文“Thismethodworkswellwithanimalssuchasbirds”以及本句“donotworkwellfortakingpicturesofanimals”可知，前后为转折含义。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，百叶窗在拍摄嗅觉灵敏的动物时效果不佳。A.sight视觉；B.hearing听力；C.touch触觉；D.smell嗅觉。依据常识，前文“Thismethodworkswellwithanimalssuchasbirdsthatdependmainlyontheirsightto8danger.”以及本句“donotworkwellfortakingpicturesofanimalswithasharpsense”可知，前后为转折关系，百叶窗对于主要依靠视觉感知紧急的动物很有效，但是对于嗅觉的动物却效果不好。故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：摄影师可以步行接近这些动物，待在顺风处，避开突然移动。A.refuse拒绝；B.avoid避开；C.make制作；D.adopt接受。依据常识以及空后宾语“suddenmovements”可知，拍摄动物，应避开突然移动。故选B。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：食物或噪音，如鸟叫声，也可以用来吸引野生动物进入视野。A.view视野；B.trap陷阱；C.action行动；D.attack攻击。依据本句“Foodornoises,suchasbirdcalls,mayalsobeusedtoattractwildlife”可知，这些都是吸引动物进入视线进行拍摄的方法。故选A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于难缠的动物，摄影师甚至可以在野外留下带着绊脚线的相机。A.leave留下；B.take带着；C.lose失去；D.remove移除。依据本句“acamerainthewildwithatripline(绊脚线)”以及下文“Animalsthattouchthelinestartittotakepicturesofthem.”可知，对于难缠的动物，摄影师甚至可以在野外留下带着绊脚线的相机，当动物触遇到线，相机就启动拍摄。所以，摄影师是把相机留在了野外。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些方法都须要极大的耐性和学问，但回报可能是一个惊人的自然景观。A.animals动物；B.approaches方法；C.lines线；D.cameras相机。依据前文“professionalsthatknowhowtogoneartotheseanimals”可知，作者介绍了拍摄野外动物的方法。故选B。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些方法都须要极大的耐性和学问，但回报可能是一个惊人的自然景观。A.common一般的；B.boring无聊的；C.frightening令人胆怯 的；D.amazing惊人的。依据本句“requiresgreatpatienceandknowledge”以及“but”引导的前后转折含义可知，这些方法都须要极大的耐性和学问，但回报也是惊人的。故选D。其次节:(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.____36____(bear)inapoorfamily,WilmaRudolphhadadifficultstartofherlifeWhenshewasfouryearsold,aserious____37____(ill)madeherleftleguseless.Shehadtowearanironlegbrace(支架).Yetshewasfortunateinhavingamother____38____gaveherlotsofencouragement.Atnineyearsofage,shetook____39____firststepwhichwasimpossibleaccordingtothedoctors.Thenshegotthedreamthatshewouldliketobetheworld’sgreatestwomanrunner.Attheageof13,sheenteredarace.Butshecameinlastineveryrace.Everyoneadvisedher____40____(stop).However,oneday,shecameinnexttolast.Andthenoneday,shegotthefirstplaceinarace!Fromthenon,WilmaRudolph____41____(win)everyracethatsheentered.Years____42____(late),WilmawenttoTennesseeStateUniversity,whereshemetEdTemple,agreatcoach.Hetrainedhersowell____43____in1960shewenttotheOlympicGamesinRoom.ThereshebeataGermangirlJuttaHeine,the____44____(great)womanrunneroftheday.ThatdayWilmamadehistoryasshebecamethefirstwomanwhohadwonthreegold____45____(medal)inthesameO