新高考新教材广西专版2025届高考英语二轮总复习阅读理解能力升级练考点分类练九主旨大意题段落大意类

考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类A(2024·山东淄博高三三模)For30yearswehavebeentoldhowtemperatureshavebeenrisingrapidlytotheunheard-oflevel.Thisiscausingpolaricetomelt,sealeveltoriseandhasbroughtaboutadangerousincreaseinextremeweatherevents.Theseintensechangeswouldlikelypresentchallengestooursocietyandenvironment.Thecausesofclimatechangearemainlyanthropogenic(人类活动引起的)innature.Sincetheindustrialrevolution,humanactivitieshaveincreasedtheamountofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Theincreasedamountofgaseswhichabsorbheathasledtomoreheatbeingkeptintheatmosphere,causingglobalwarming.Thecertaintyofglobalwarmingcanbeseenthroughsomeofthenaturalphenomenaliketheeffectoncropsandextremeweatherconditionsaroundtheworld.Therecentassessmentreportsaysthattheearth’saveragetemperaturehasrisenby0.74degreesfrom1906to2005,andthattheaveragetemperaturewillcontinuetorise.Therehavealsobeenmoreviolentdownpours,andtheiceattheworld’spolesandonitsmountainsismelting.Therisingsealevelisfloodingthelow-lyingcountriesinAsiaandsmallislandsinthePacific.Thismayleadtothedisplacementofmillionsofpeople,lossofmillionsoflandandconsequentlybillionsofdollars.Troubledbytheserioussituation,worldleaderscametogetherforthe2015UnitedNations(UN)ClimateChangeConferenceinParis.Theclimatetalksledto196countriesreachingalandmarkagreementthatcommittednearlyeverycountrytoloweringplanet-warminggreenhousegasemissionstoaddressglobalclimatechange.Thatwascertainlyanencouragingstepforourearthandmankind!Astheworldleaderscontinuetocommitthemselvestomonitoroursickplanet,weneedtocontinuetotakesmallstepstohealtheworld.Wedon’thavemuchchoice.IfonlywecouldjustpackourbagsandmigratetoMars!1.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Theinformationofindustrialrevolution.B.Thegreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.C.Thereasonsofclimatechange.D.Theresultofextremeweatherevents.2.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Wehavemadegreatachievements.B.Somemeasuresarestillrequiredtotake.C.Marsissuitableforpeople’sliving.D.Somecountrieswillreceiveurgentaid.3.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext?(P:Paragraph)B(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDaminBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.4.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDaminBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.5.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.6.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.7.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.C(2024·辽宁高三3月联考)Fewpeoplerealisethatittakesmanyvolunteersforoneyoungchildtohaveahalf-hourridinglesson.IvolunteeratValleyTherapeuticEquestrianAssociation(VTEA),closetotheWashingtonStateborder.Ittakesafewpaidstaffandanarmyofvolunteers—approximatelyeighty—totakecareofadozenhorsesandhelpwitheightyormorechildrenduringtheweek.Thereisalargebarntoclean,andhaynetsandwaterbucketstobrushandfill.Specificfeedsforeachhorsemustbepreparedtwicedaily...Thelistisendless.Toprepareahorseforaride,someonehastobringitinfromtheoutside,attimessinkingintoinchesofblack,stickymudduringthewintermonths.Usually,twovolunteersgroom(刷洗;梳毛)thehorseandputonthespecialsaddle.Thentheyleadthehorsetowherethelessontakesplace.There,onevolunteerleadsthehorse,andusuallytwowalkalongsideforsafety,oneoneachside.Thenthehorsemustbereturnedtothebarn,unsaddled,cleanedandfed.Yetsomanypeoplewillinglygivetheirtime—becausethechildrenneedus.Ranginginagefromtwoupwards,thechildrenhavevaryingdegreesofmentaldisabilities.Somehaveseverephysicaldisabilities.Ridingstrengthenstheirmusclesandbones,enablingthemtoenjoyamorefruitfullife.Throughoutmypastlifeasanaccountant,abusinessauthorandspeaker,Ivolunteeredinmanyfieldsandmanyorganisations.However,aterriblemotor-vehicleaccidentchangedmylifeinasplitsecondwhenmycarwashit—aswasmyhead—causingseverebraininjury.Itwashardtoacceptanew“me”,untilIdiscoveredthatIneededtodosomethingthatIhaveapassionfor.Ilovehorses,andworkingwiththemandwiththechildrenhashelpedturnmylifearound.Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.Now,fourteenyearslater,Iamadifferentperson.8.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?A.Horsesforridinglessonsarecaredforcarefully.B.Horse-ridinglessonsbringchildrenmanybenefits.C.Volunteershavemuchtodoforahorse-ridinglesson.D.Disabledchildrenaretaughthorse-ridinginadifferentway.9.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofhervoluntaryworkinVTEA?A.Riskyandthrilling.B.Tiringbutworthwhile.C.Funnyandenjoyable.D.Demandingbutfruitless.10.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HelpingChildreninNeedB.SurvivingtheBrainInjuryC.Volunteering:AJourneyBackD.Horse-riding:AHardLesson

参考答案考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲解并描述了全球气候变更的缘由、对人类社会和环境造成的影响,以及各国应对全球气候变更所实行的措施和取得的成效。1.C解析段落大意题。依据其次段第一句“Thecausesofclimatechangearemainlyanthropogenicinnature.”可知,本段主要讲解并描述气候变更的缘由。故选C项。2.B解析推理推断题。依据最终一段的“Astheworldleaderscontinuetocommitthemselvestomonitoroursickplanet,weneedtocontinuetotakesmallstepstohealtheworld.”可知,还须要实行一些措施来治愈地球。故选B项。3.D解析推理推断题。第一段总述全球气候变更很大,对人类社会和环境造成很大影响;其次段讲解并描述气候变更的缘由;第三段用详细数据和事例讲解并描述气候变更对人类社会造成的影响。由此可知,其次段和第三段是对第一段内容从两个方面的阐述,因而前三段行文结构是“总—分—分”;第四段主要讲解并描述各国实行措施应对全球气候变更,因而前三段和第四段之间是顺承递进的关系;第五段讲解并描述尽管已经取得确定的成效,但是各国仍需接着努力。由此可知,第五段是对第四段内容的进一步补充说明,所以第四段和第五段是并列关系。综上所述,D项符合文章的整体结构。故选D项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瑞士苏黎世高校的一个探讨小组对唇齿音演化的探讨结果。4.D解析推理推断题。依据其次段的“NowateamofresearchersledbyDaminBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.(现在,由瑞士苏黎世高校的DaminBlasi领导的一个探讨小组已经发觉了这种趋势是如何以及为什么会出现的。)”可知,Blasi的探讨专注于它的发展过程。故选D项。5.C解析推理推断题。依据第三段的“Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals...(他们发觉古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的,很难发出唇齿音……)”可知,古代成年人上下颚的构造很难发唇齿音。故选C项。6.A解析段落大意题。第五段提到“对语言数据库的分析还证明,新石器时代之后,世界语言的声音发生了全球变更,‘f’和‘v’的运用在过去几千年中显著增加。这些声音在今日很多狩猎采集者的语言中照旧找不到”。由此可知,本段为探讨的结果供应了证据。故选A项。7.C解析微小环节理解题。依据最终一段的“...wefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution...”可知,这是一个困难动态的体系。故选C项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在阅历一场严峻车祸后造成了脑部损伤,但她通过照看马并帮助孩子们骑马这类的志愿