初中英语国际音标表语音知识以及针对性练习

英语音标发音表英语国际音标共48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。对于初学者来说，若采用集中教学，要学会48个音素的发音并区别开。确实不易。笔者对音标的教学采用了相对集中的方法，即从字母名称教学过渡到部分音标教学。国际音标（英语语音）元音单元音前元音[i:][i][e][æ]中元音[ʌ][ə:][ə]后元音[u:][u][ɔ:][ɔ][a:]双元音开合双元音[ei][ai][ɔi][əu][au]集中双元音[iə][εə][uə]辅音爆破音清辅音[p][t][k]浊辅音[b][d][g]摩擦音清辅音[f][s][ʃ][θ][h]浊辅音[v][z][ʒ][ð]破擦音清辅音[tʃ][tr][ts]浊辅音[dʒ][dr][dz]鼻音（浊辅音）[m][n][ŋ]舌则音（浊辅音）[l][r]半元音（浊辅音）[w][j]英语国际标准音标练习元音(20个)单元音12个前元音(4个)[i:][i][e][æ]后元音(5个)[ɑ:][ɔ:][ɔ][u:][u]中元音(3个)[ʌ][ə:][ə]双元音8个合口双元音(5个)[ei][əu][ai][au][ɔi]集中双元音(3个)[iə][uə][ɛə]辅音(28个)清辅音(11个)[p][t][k][f][s][θ][ʃ][tʃ][tr][ts][h]浊辅音(17个)[b][d][g][v][z][ð][ʒ][dʒ][dr][dz][l][m][n][ŋ][j][w][r]语音知识:

1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u

2)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素.

3)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。

4)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。

5)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple，stu'dent，tea'cher，un'der'stand。

6)开音节： a)辅音+元音+辅音+enamebikehomedue; b)辅音+元音he，go，hi。

7)闭音节： a)辅音+元音+辅音bad，bed，sit，hot，cup;b)元音+辅音it。8)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。/i:/bee/bi:/feet/fi:t/keep/ki:p/key/ki:/team/ti:m/meet/mi:t//i/it/it/big/big/city/siti/give/giv/sick/sik//e/get/get/best/best/text/tekst/help/help//æ/fat/fæt/have/hæv/cat/kæt/back/bæk/hat/hæt//a:/laugh/la:f/glass/gla:s/half/ha:f/farm/fa:m/park/pa:k//ɔ:/horse/hɔ:s/saw/sɔ:/corn/kɔ:n/course/kɔ:s/salt/sɔ:t//ɔ/dog/dɔg/pot/pɔt/cost/kɔst/what/wɔt/honest/′ɔnist//u:/food/fu:d/moon/mu:n/rule/ru:l/loose/lu:s/noon/nu:n//u/book/buk/put/put/good/gud/would/wud/could/kud//ʌ/must/mʌst/does/dʌz/money/′mʌni/ugly/′ʌgli/come/kʌm//ə:/nurse/nə:s/bird/bə:d/burn/bə:n/turn/tə:n/girl/gə:l//ə/better/betə/never/nevə/worker/wə:kə/welcome/welkəm//ei/may/mei/name/neim/game/geim/eight/eit/age/eidʒ//əu/no/nəu/home/həum/hope/həup/wrote/rəut/note/nəut/pose/pəuz//ai/eye/ai/time/taim/buy/bai/right/rait/bike/baik/kite/kait//au/now/nau/out/aut/how/hau/about/ə′baut/south/sauθ/house/haus//ɔi/boy/bɔi/toy/tɔi/noise/nɔiz/voice/vɔis/point/pɔint/coin/kɔin//iə/ear/iə/near/niə/idea/ai′diə/hear/hiə/mere/miə/spear/spiə//εə/air/εə/tear/tεə/care/kεə/dare/dεə/fair/fεə/there/ðεə//uə/tour/tuə/poor/puə/sure/ʃuə/moor/muə/(停泊)your/juə//p/pea/pi:/pie/pai/top/tɔp/cap/kæp/people/pi:pl/pride/praid//b/bee/bi:/by/bai/buy/bai/black/blæk/bear/bεə//t/let/let/sat/sæt/feet/fi:t/team/ti:m/tide/taid//d/led/led/sad/sæd/feed/fi:d/do/du:/dear/diə//k/lack/læk/take/teik/clock/klɔk/class/kla:s/weekend/′wi:kend//g/big/big/lag/læg/glass/gla:s/gum/gʌm/good/gud/guest/gest//f/face/feis/fast/fa:st/leaf/li:f/surf/sə:f/favorite/′feivərit//v/very/′veri/five/faiv/fever/′fi:və/serve/sə:v/never/′nevə//θ/bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡)thick/θik/mouth/mauθ/breath/breθ/(n呼吸)thought/θɔ:t/author/´ɔθə/truth/tru:θ//ð/the/ðə/they/ðei/that/ðæt/mother/′mʌðə/thus/ðʌs/then/ðen//s/face/feis/mouse/maus/cakes/keiks/caps/kæps/likes/laiks/stops/stɔps//z/close/kləuz/keys/ki:z/boys/bɔiz/pens/penz/halves/ha:vz//tʃ/catch/kætʃ/cheep/tʃi:p/rich/ritʃ/watch/wtʃ/child/tʃaild/question/kwestʃən/teach/ti:tʃ/challenge/tʃlindʒ//dʒ/orange/′ɔridʒ/large/la:dʒ/juice/dʒu:s/job/dʒɔb//tr/tree/tri:/try/trai/true/tru:/trouble/traubl/track/træk//dr/dry/drai/dream/dri:m/dress/dres/drink/driŋk/hundred/′hʌndrid//ʃ/she/ʃi:/sharp/ʃa:p/fish/fiʃ/shock/ʃɔk/shoe/ʃu://ʒ/pleasure/′pleʒə/measure/′meʒə/television/′teliviʒən//ts/let′s/lets/sports/spɔ:ts/puts/puts/writes/raits/seats/si:ts//dz/hands/hændz/birds/bə:dz/friends/freindz/beds/bedz/stands/stændz//h/he/hi:/hard/ha:d/him/him/heard/hə:d/half/ha:f//l/like/laik/late/leit/learn/lə:n/lead/li:d/light/lait//m/my/mai/more/mɔ:/seem/si:m/meat/mi:t/mind/maind/men/men//n/nice/nais/wind/waind/mind/maind/rain/rein/fine/fain//ŋ/sing/siŋ/wing/wiŋ/ring/riŋ/long/lɔŋ/beautiful/bju:təfl//j/you/ju:/few/fju:/yard/ja:d/music/′mju:zik/student/′stju:dnt/excuse/ik′skju:z//w/work/wə:k/way/wei/well/wel/what/wɔt/twelve/twelv/twin/twin//r/red/red/road/rəud/write/rait/wrong/rɔŋ/problem/′prɔbləm/音标综合练习1./i://i//e//æ//bit//wi:k//di:l//riəl//kid//dig//kwik//tip//zip//rid//wil//fil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwillfill/pet//pæk//gæp//kæg//næg//ræm//bætl//sed//′hæpi//ten//red/petpackgapcapnagrambattlesaidhappytenred/′setl//træʃ//di′pend/settletrashdepend2./a://ɔ://ɔ//u://u//a:sk//ma:sk//pa:st//fra:ns//ɔd//lɔ:n//nɔ:t//pɔ:z//fɔks//sɔk/askmaskpastFranceoddlawnnaughtpausefoxsock/fa://la:dʒ//ma:k//lɔ:d//tɔ://stɔ:m//pɔt//krɔp//θɔt//prɔmis/farlargemarkLordtorchstormpotcropthoughtpromise/huk//lu:s//sut//tuk//mud//θru://pul//wud/hookloosesoottookmoodthroughpullwood3./ʌ//ə//ə//bʌz//dʌl//′hʌri//gʌlf//′trʌbl//ə:n//sə:f//′tə:nə//′begə//tʌk/bussdullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/kə:b//ə:k//ə′merik//′sɔkə//′kæmpə//sə′vei//pə′veid//pə′hæps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps/bə:′lesk//′mə:də/burlesquemurder3./ei//əu//ai//au//ɔi//keip//greit//mein//prəpəuz//′məuʃən//stəun//′əuvə//sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim//daut//′taipist//aust//mɔist//′ɔistə/rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster4./iə//ɛə//uə//viə//ə′fɛə//dɛə//skɛə//buən//guəd//′ruərəl//ə′piə//kəlʌmbiə/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia/mətiəriəl//mistiəriəs/materialmysterious5./θ//ð//mʌnθ//θi:f//ðæt//ðæn//feiθ//tə′geðə//θæŋk//ðəm′selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves一.找出画线部分读音不同的单词(每题2分,共20分)

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)1.A.teaB.meatC.weatherD.beach

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)2.A.backB.fastC.haveD.map

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)3.A.warmB.gardenC.marketD.party

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)4.A.schoolB.toothC.chooseD.good

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)5.A.bookB.moodyC.lookD.cook

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)6.A.JuneB.rulerC.putD.menu

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)7.A.pushB.funC.sunD.ugly

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)8.A.tigerB.herC.officerD.over

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)9.A.goB.noC.coldD.hot

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)10.A.likeB.lionC.pizzaD.Friday（）11．A．too B．classroom C．broomD．afternoon（）12．A．houses B．spell C．student D．sister（）13．A．colour B．American C．doctor D．licence（）14．A．teacher B．seat C．sweater D．please（）15．A．which B．who C．what D．where（）16．A．little B．thing C．white D．with（）17．A．yellow B．brown C．window D．know（）18．A．worry B．sky C．only D．many（）19．A．school B．chair C．China D．much（）20．A．these B．they C．brother D．three()21.A.brotherB.comeC.policeD.mothers()22.A.cinemaB.climbC.sisterD.film()23.A.theseB.bathC.thinkD.health()24.A.morningB.colorC.workD.doctor()25.A.basementB.favoriteC.basketD.table()26.A.islandB.smallC.askD.helps()27.A.mouthB.dangerousC.thousandD.about()28.A.beachB.mealC.theatreD.leave()29.A.howB.snowC.tomorrowD.own()30.A.largeB.languageC.giraffeD.great二．根据音标写单词：[blu:][da:ns][mu:n][fa:][laik][geit][tju:b][flai][lend][priti][lesn][hæpi][fæmili][plei][fɔks][tə′geðə][meni]taigə三．在单词音标的下面写出单词：1、单元音：2、双元音：3、清、浊辅音：I,复习26个字母：请按顺序默写出26个英文字母（含大小写）。请写出5个元音字母。请写出21个辅音字母。