备考2025届高考英语一轮复习课时提能第一部分过透教材Unit3DiverseCultures新人教版必修第三册

Unit3DiverseCultures一、阅读理解A[2024山东枣庄一模]Istillremembermyfather’sembarrassmentthedaywhenhewasinvitedtohavedinneratacolleague’shouse.FreshlyarrivinginBrazil，andnotbeingabletolookupontheInternet，heoffendedhishostsbymakingahandgesture—acirclewiththethumbandindexfinger.Hehadalwaysunderstoodittomean"OK"，butinBrazil，itmeantsomethingdifferent.Theepisodewasswiftlyforgotten.Myfather’scolleagueunderstoodthatheprobablywasn’tyetawareofthelocalmeaningofthegesture.Hegentlyexplaineditmeantsomethingrude，andthenitwasfiledawayunder"thingsnottobedoneinRio".IwasremindedmyselfinChina.AfterIrepliedtoafriend’sWeChatmessagewithaVanGoghstickerthatIthoughtmeant"keepfighting"，anotherfriendtoldmeIuseditwrong."TheChineseversionisabitdifferent，"shesaid，takingoutherphoneandshowingittome."Seethesecharacters？Theymean‘Iwillhityou！’"Lifeisfullofcrossedmeanings.InIndia，yousigntosomeonetocomeoverwithyourpalmdown，notup.AndintheMiddleEast，youneveruseyourlefthandforanythingpublic.Asadults，weunderstandthatevenifithurts，amistakeisonlyaninsult（羞辱）whenitisdeliberate.Yet，manyconflictscomefrommisunderstanding，andhistoryisfulloftheunfortunateoutcomesofcross-culturalcommunication.Myfather’spre-InternetBrazilianmistakewasforgivenbecauseofcontext—hehadjustarrivedandhedidn’tknowitslocalmeaning.Butwhencontextisabsentorsimplydifferentlyunderstood—especiallyinthesocialmedia—perhapsweallshouldthinktwicebeforetypingortalking，especiallywhentheconsequencescanbemoreseverethanthemisuseofaWeChatsticker.本文为说明文，通过一些例子介绍了文化差异。1.Whatisthetopicofthetext？A.Culturaldifference.B.Languageandculture.C.Signlanguage.D.Goodmanners.解析A文章主旨题。由第一段中的"Hehadalwaysunderstoodittomean‘OK’，butinBrazil，itmeantsomethingdifferent"和第三段中的"AfterIrepliedtoafriend’sWeChatmessagewithaVanGoghstickerthatIthoughtmeant‘keepfighting’，anotherfriendtoldmeIuseditwrong"以及第五段中的"InIndia，yousigntosomeonetocomeoverwithyourpalmdown，notup.AndintheMiddleEast，youneveruseyourlefthandforanythingpublic"可知，文章主要讲解并描述文化差异，故选A。2.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellinghisfather’sstory？A.TheOKsignmeansdifferentlyinBrazil.B.Cross-culturalmistakesarecommon.C.TheInternethelpstoavoidmistakes.D.Misunderstandingsleadtobadresults.解析B推理推断题。由第一段中的"Hehadalwaysunderstoodittomean‘OK’，butinBrazil，itmeantsomethingdifferent"及其次段中的"Myfather’scolleagueunderstoodthatheprobablywasn’tyetawareofthelocalmeaningofthegesture"可推知，作者想通过讲解并描述父亲的故事来表明跨文化错误是常见的，故选B。3.WhatdidtheauthormeantodobyusingtheVanGoghsticker？A.Togreethisfriend.B.Toencouragehisfriend.C.Tothreatenhisfriend.D.Tomakefunofhisfriend.解析B微小环节理解题。由第三段中的"AfterIrepliedtoafriend’sWeChatmessagewithaVanGoghstickerthatIthoughtmeant‘keepfighting’，anotherfriendtoldmeIuseditwrong"可知，作者准备激励他的挚友，故选B。4.Whatmighthappenifthereisnocontext？A.Culturalconflicts.B.Forgiveness.C.Culturalgaps.D.Mutualrespect.解析A微小环节理解题。由最终一段中的"Butwhencontextisabsentorsimplydifferentlyunderstood—especiallyinthesocialmedia—perhapsweallshouldthinktwicebeforetypingortalking，especiallywhentheconsequencescanbemoreseverethanthemisuseofaWeChatsticker"可知，本题选A。【易错点拨】部分学生可能会辨别不清culturalconflicts和culturalgaps的区分而错选C项。culturalconflicts强调的是文化冲突，culturalgaps强调的是文化差异，而文中最终一句中的"theconsequencescanbemoreseverethanthemisuseofaWeChatsticker"表明，不知道事情的背景或来龙去脉，很简洁引起文化冲突。B[2024内蒙古包头一模]TheChinesenewyearbeginson22January，2024andlastsuntil9February，2024.WhilemostofAsiacelebratestheyearoftherabbit，Vietnamcelebratestheyearofthecat.IntheChinesezodiac（十二生肖），thereare12animals，andthe4thanimalistherabbit，whileintheVietnamesezodiac，the4thpositionisoccupiedbythecat.HowthecatcoveredfortherabbitinVietnam’szodiacisstillthesubjectofdebate.ItwassaidthattheJadeEmperororganizedaraceacrossariverforalltheanimalsintheworld.Thefirst12toreachtheothersidewouldappearinthezodiac.IntheChineseversionofthestory，thecatandtheratwereridingacrossariveronanoxwhentheratpushedthecatintothewater.Theratwontherace，turningthetwoanimalsintoenemies.Thatiswhycatshavebeenhuntingratseversince.However，intheVietnameseversion—whichdidnothavearabbit—thecatcouldswimandendeduparriving.Onepossibleexplanationforreplacingrabbitwithcatmighthavetodowithlanguage.InoldChinese，there’sawordtiedtothesignoftherabbitthatispronouncedmao（卯）.Thepronunciationissimilartomèo，theVietnamesewordforcat.QuyenDi，alectureratUCLA，saidthecustomhastodowiththelandscapeofVietnam."Initially，theChineselivedinthesavanna（稀树草原）area，whiletheVietnameselivedinthelowlandarea，"hesays."Thepeopleofthesavannapreferredanomadiclife，closetothewilderness，andtheychosetherabbitasananimalthatlivedinthewildfields.Incontrast，thelowlandpeopleofVietnamconsideredrabbitsasanimalsthatwereusedforfoodandchosethecatbecausetheybelievedcatswerefriendslivingintheirhouses."Thisyear，manyVietnamesearebuyingnewcat-themedcasesfortheirmobilephones.AndoneofthetoponlinesearchesinVietnamis"whythereisnocatintheChinesezodiac".本文为说明文，主要介绍了越南生肖与中国生肖的区分，重点介绍了猫和兔。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"coveredfor"inparagraph1probablymean？A.Tookchargeof. B.Foughtfor.C.Tooktheplaceof. D.Dependedon.解析C词义揣测题。由第一段中的"IntheChinesezodiac（十二生肖），thereare12animals，andthe4thanimalistherabbit，whileintheVietnamesezodiac，the4thpositionisoccupiedbythecat"可知，与中国的十二生肖中的第四位是兔不同的是，在越南的十二生肖中，第四位是猫，即：兔的位置被猫代替了，由此可知，coveredfor应与tooktheplaceof意义相同，故选C。2.WhatcanwelearnfromtheVietnamesezodiacstory？A.TheJadeEmperorshowedfavortothecat.B.Therabbitfellintotheriverinthezodiacrace.C.Thecatfinishedfourthbyswimmingacrosstheriver.D.Theratandtherabbitwereenemiesinancienttimes.解析C微小环节理解题。由其次段中的"IntheChineseversionofthestory，thecatandtheratwereridingacrossariveronanoxwhentheratpushedthecatintothewater.Theratwontherace，turningthetwoanimalsintoenemies.Thatiswhycatshavebeenhuntingratseversince.However，intheVietnameseversion—whichdidnothavearabbit—thecatcouldswimandendeduparriving"可知，由于在越南的生肖中没有兔，所以猫游过河并获得了第四名，故选C。3.AccordingtoQuyenDi，whatmadetheVietnamesechoosethecat？A.Theirlivingenvironment.B.Theirlanguagepronunciation.C.Theirlifestyleofraisingcatsaspets.D.Theircustomofhuntingrabbitsforfood.解析A微小环节理解题。由第四段中的"Incontrast，thelowlandpeopleofVietnamconsideredrabbitsasanimalsthatwereusedforfoodandchosethecatbecausetheybelievedcatswerefriendslivingintheirhouses"可知，越南人在选择生肖的动物时，猫的选择受到了他们的生存环境的影响，生活在低地区的人认为兔子是可以用来作为食物的动物，而猫则是作为他们家里的挚友而存在的动物，故选A。4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？A.TheHistoryoftheChineseZodiacB.WaysofCelebratingtheYearoftheRabbitC.ThePopularityofChineseTraditionalCultureD.TheOriginoftheYearoftheCatinVietnam解析D标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了越南生肖与中国生肖的区分，重点介绍了猫和兔。文章供应了关于越南猫年的起源的信息，并探讨了可能的缘由，因此D项做文章标题最佳。二、七选五Movingfromoneculturetoanotherisexciting，butitisalsoastressfulexperience.Transitioning（过渡）toacompletelynewculturealmostalwaysresultsinacultureshockforallpeople.1Somehardlynoticeitseffectatall，whileotherscanfinditverydifficulttoadapttotheirnewenvironment.IgrewupinKazakhstan，wheremostoftheinformationIhadaboutAmericacamefromitsmovies.Thepurposeofthosemovieswasalwaystoentertainviewers，whiledetailsofAmericanlifemaynotbeaccuratelydescribed.Ihadbeendreamingaboutcominghereforsolong.2Americansfinditeasytomakecasualfriends.Theybecomefriendsfirstandbuildtrustlaterifatall.Americansmakefriendsandbecomerelativelycloseinnotime.3Inmyculture，webelieveinbuildingfriendshipsandstayingconnectedafterthetrustisbuilt.OnlyaftercomingtoAmericadidIrealizethatmyself-identificationasareservedpersonispartofmyculturalidentitywithKazakhculture.4Americansfindituncomfortableifothersstandtooclose.Whenfriendsorfamilygreet，theygiveashorthugandstepasidetohavesomedistanceforconversation.WeKazakhpeopleliketospeaksittingorstandingclosetoeachother.Also，it’sconsidereddisrespectfultokeepalargedistanceduringtheconversation.Partoftheexcitementoflivinginanewcultureislearningabouthowitdiffersfrommyownculture.5Bylearningtounderstandandnavigate（正确处理）thecultureofanothercountry，Ihavebecomeamoreopen-mindedperson.Ithastaughtmetoshapemyownculturalidentity.A.Butit’seasyforthemtodisappearfromoneanother’slife.B.Differentpeoplemightexperiencecultureshockdifferently.C.Itisthereforenecessarytoknowhowtohandlecultureshock.D.ButIhadneverexpectedthatIwouldhaveacultureshockinAmerica.E.AnothershockingobservationformewastheinformalityoftheAmericans.F.IalwayscomparemyvaluesandcustomswiththevaluesandcustomsinAmerica.G.Americancultureisalsodifferentfrommineintermsofasenseofpersonalspace.本文介绍了作者阅历的文化冲击。1.B空前提到对全部人来说，过渡到一个全新的文化几乎总会带来文化冲击，空后提到一些人几乎留意不到它的影响，而另外一些人发觉适应新环境特别难。由此可知，B项（不同的人阅历文化冲击的方式可能不同）与上下文联系紧密，故选B项。2.D由上文的"Ihadbeendreamingaboutcominghereforsolong"及下文内容可知，空处内容应与作者阅历文化冲击有关。D项（但是我从未想过我会在美国阅历文化冲击）与上文构成转折关系，且能引出下文内容，故选D。3.A空前提到美国人很简洁交上挚友并很快变得亲近，空后提到哈萨克斯坦人则是在信任建立后建立友情并保持联系。由此可知，空处前后形成对比，故A项（但是他们很简洁从彼此的生活中消逝）符合语境，故选A。4.G由空后内容，尤其是"Americansfindituncomfortableifothersstandtooclose"和"WeKazakhpeopleliketospeaksittingorstandingclosetoeachother"可知，本段主要介绍的是作者发觉的美国文化和自己国家文化的另一个不同之处，且它与个人空间有关，G项与此相符，可充当段落的主题句，故选G。5.F由空前的"Partoftheexcitement...myownculture"和空后提到的了解和正确处理另一个国家的文化教会作者塑造自己的文化身份可知，空处应涉及两种文化的对比。F项（我总是对比我自己国家和美国的价值观和风俗）符合语境，故选F。三、完形填空[2024辽宁葫芦岛二模]IwasbornintheNetherlandsandlivedthereuntilIwas30yearsold.IntheDutchcontext，Iwasemotionallyintelligent，andI1expectedthatthiscouldbeanydifferent.WhenattheUniversityofMichigan，Ijoinedadiscussionon2.Iintroducedmyselfinanunderstated（Dutch）wayas"interestedincultureandemotion".Theprofessor，tofitAmerican3，addedthatIwasoneoftheworld’sexpertsoncultureandemotion.Inresponse，Ilookeddownin4andsaidinalowvoicethat"expert"wasabigword.IlivedinNorthCarolinaandhadnewfriendscomingovertodinner.Conversationswerelivelythatevening.Whenmyguestsleft，they5mefordinner.Myheartsank，becauseintheNetherlands，"thankingfordinner"meanstherelationshipis6.TheNetherlandsandtheUSdonothavemassivelydifferent7.Butemotionalinteractionsbetweenindividualsfromthesedifferentculturesarenot8.Theprofessormeanttomakemefeelgood，butinsteadmademe9.Myfriendsmeanttoshowgratitude，buttheymademethinktheyweredistancingthemselvesfromusinstead.Wherediditgowrongintheseinteractions？Inowthinktheansweristhatwewereinteractingwithdifferent10inmind.IntheUS，itisimportantthatpeoplefeelgoodaboutthemselves：otherpeoplehelpyou11andhaveself-esteem（自尊）.Youareanexpert，andyoumadethespecialefforttocookusthisdeliciousdinner.12，intheNetherlands，itisimportanttomaketrue13withotherpeople，andnottopretendyouarebetterthananybodyelse.Thedailydancesofemotionsare14：Americansdancetothemusicofmakingeachotherspecial，whiletheDutchdancetothemusicoftrueconnection.Andwhenyou15themup，peoplestartsteppingoneachother’stoes.作者始终生活在荷兰，但在美国与人情感沟通的阅历让他意识到美国和荷兰的情感沟通目的不同，美国重视夸赞，荷兰重视坦诚。1.A.never B.rarelyC.usually D.sometimes解析A作者从未（never）想过情感表达上会有什么不同，故选A。2.A.manners B.emotionsC.literature D.intelligence解析B由"interestedincultureandemotion"中的"emotion"可知，作者对情感感爱好，由此可知，作者参与了一个关于情感（emotions）的探讨，故选B。3.A.standards B.proceduresC.policies D.requirements解析A由最终一段中的"IntheUS，itisimportantthatpeoplefeelgoodaboutthemselves"可知，在美国，人们自我感觉良好是很重要的。由此可知，教授是以美国的标准（standards）介绍作者是"世界上文化和情感方面的专家之一"，故选A项。4.A.anger B.delightC.disappointment D.embarrassment解析D由"‘expert’wasabigword"可知，作者认为用"专家"来形容过誉了，由此可知，作者尴尬地低下了头，故选D项。5.A.asked B.praisedC.thanked D.blamed解析C由"thankingfordinner"中的"thanking"可知，客人们对作者的晚餐表示感谢，故选C项。6.A.distant B.insincereC.harmonious D.meaningful解析A由"theymademethinktheyweredistancingthemselvesfromusinstead"中的"distancing"可知，在荷兰，"感谢你的晚餐"意味着这段关系是疏远的，故选A。7.A.origins B.culturesC.environments D.languages解析B荷兰和美国的文化没有太大的不同，但来自这两种不同文化的人之间的情感互动并不流畅，故选B。8.A.complicated B.interestingC.fluent D.