高中英语一轮总复习 英语语法专题：名词性从句

名词性从句0102名词性从句的种类主语从句|宾语从句

|表语从句

|同位语从句主要引导词的用法归纳1.that引导的名词性从句|2.whether与if引导名词性从句时的区别

|3.连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which等引导的名词性从句

|4.连接副词when，where，why，how引导的名词性从句I.单句语法填空II.单句改错III.翻译句子IV.语法填空V.短文改错03针对训练

高中英语一轮总复习在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：1．连接词：that，whether，if(不充当从句的任何成分)2．连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whomever，whose，which，whichever3．连接副词：when，where，how，why1．主语从句在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。Thatyoudidn'tknowtherules

won'tbeanexcuseforyourfailure.你不知道规则不能成为你失败的借口。Whetherweshouldhelpupafallenoldpersonornot

remainsaheatedtopicinChina.我们是否应该帮忙扶起一个摔倒的老人在中国仍然是一个热门话题。Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoff

dependsmuchontheweather.那架延误的班机什么时候起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。名词性从句的种类1．主语从句

[名师指津]

有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：(1)It＋be＋名词＋that从句(2)It＋be＋形容词＋that从句(3)It＋be＋动词的过去分词＋that从句(4)It＋不及物动词＋that从句Itisclearthat

thetwocountriescanreachanagreementattheconference.很显然两国能够在会议上达成协议。Itiswell­knownthat

theChinesegovernmenthassparednoefforttoprotectpeoplefromfakefood.众所周知，中国政府已不遗余力地保护人们免受假冒食品的毒害。2．宾语从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句叫宾语从句，位于及物动词(短语)、介词或形容词之后。Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。2．宾语从句

[名师指津]

在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think，make，consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。Hehasmadeit

clearthat

hewillnotgivein.他不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。3．表语从句在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用asif，because等引导。其基本结构为：主语＋系动词＋从句。Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。Thatiswhyhedidn'tcometothemeeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。3．表语从句

[名师指津]

当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthat

hemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.他迟到的原因是，今天早晨他晚了一分钟而错过了火车。4．同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，也可由其他连接代词或连接副词引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有：advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。Thenewsthatwewonthegame

excitedallofus.我们赢得这场比赛的消息让我们每个人都很激动。Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回家。4．同位语从句

[名师指津]

同位语从句和定语从句的区别：(1)意义不同：同位语从句是跟在一个抽象名词之后，对该名词的具体内容作进一步解释说明；而定语从句在复合句中作定语，对前面名词进行修饰、限制。(2)连接词用法不同：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，只起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较：4．同位语从句Ihadnoideathat

youwerehere.(that引导同位语从句，不能省略)Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece？(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)1．that引导的名词性从句Itisobvioustothestudentsthat

theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.显而易见学生应该对未来做好充分准备。(主语从句，it作形式主语)Expertsbelieve(that)peoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.专家认为可以通过只有必须时才购物这一方法减少食物的浪费。(宾语从句)Mydecisionisthat

allofusaretostartat6o'clocktomorrowmorning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。(表语从句)Imadeapromisetomyselfthat

thisyear，myfirstyearinhighschool，wouldbedifferent.我给自己做出承诺：今年，我上高中的第一年，将会与以往不同。(同位语从句)连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可以省略。名词性从句主要引导词的用法归纳2．whether与if引导名词性从句时的区别在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中只能用whether，不能用if。01Whether

themeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.是否会议被推迟还没有决定。Thetroubleiswhether

hecancomeontime.麻烦是他是否能按时来。2．whether与if引导名词性从句时的区别在宾语从句中whether和if一般可以互换，但：02Italldependsonwhether

hewillrecover.这完全取决于他是否康复。(1)作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。Idon'tknowwhetherhewilltakepartinthemeetingornot.我不知道他是否参加会议。(2)后面直接跟ornot时用whether。3．连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which等引导的名词性从句what引导的名词性从句，在功能上相当于一个名词，常译作“······的事/话/地方/时间/······”，可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。01What

impressedmemostwasthebeautyofthecity.给我印象最深刻的是这座城市的美。3．连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which等引导的名词性从句what引导的名词性从句，在功能上相当于一个名词，常译作“······的事/话/地方/时间/······”，可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。01

[名师指津]

that和what的区别①that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；②而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的“先行词＋关系代词”即常说的“先行词＋that”。试比较：Whathetoldus

madeussurprised.＝Thenewsthathetoldus

madeussurprised.Thathegotthefirstplace

madeussurprised.3．连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which等引导的名词性从句who，whom，whose，which，whoever，whatever等引导的名词性从句02Hisfatherdoesn'tcareaboutwhich

universityhewillgoto.他父亲不在乎他上哪一所大学。Whoever

wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。Youcanchoosewhatever

youlikeinthesupermarket.在这家超市，你可以选择你喜欢的任何东西。4．连接副词when，where，why，how引导的名词性从句It

makesnodifferencewhere

weshallhavethemeeting.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。Ihavenoideahow

Icangettotherailwaystation.我不知道怎样才能到火车站。That'swhy

Iwantyoutoworkthere.那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。这几个连接词不但起连接作用，也在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因和方式。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Sheaskedme____________________

Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.(2017·天津卷)2．Everyyear，____________________

makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.(2017·北京卷)3．Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-­linedstreet,notknowing__________________shewasheading.(2017·北京卷)4．Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20，halfof____________________

itusedtocharge.(2017·江苏卷)5．Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.____________________

youcandohelps.(2016·北京卷)whetherwhoeverwherewhatWhateverⅠ.用适当的连词填空6．Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly____________________

thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)7．Hissuccesswasduetothefact____________________

hehadbeenworkinghard.8．____________________worriedherabitthatherhairwasturninggrey.9．Whytheexplosionoccurredwas____________________

thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.10．Outputisnowsixtimes____________________

itwasbeforeliberation.howthatItthatwhatⅠ.用适当的连词填空11．ShehasreceivedanofferfromBerkeley，butIdon'tknow____________________

shewillacceptit.12．Thelittleboyate____________________

hismothergavehim.13．Theywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterdayexcept____________________

itwasaholiday.14．Inmyopinion，____________________

mattersiswhetherwecanwintogetherasateaminsteadofindividuals.15．____________________

theflighttoNewYorkwillbedelayediswhatI'mespeciallyworriedabout.whether/if

whateverthat

whatWhetherⅡ.单句改错1．MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)2．Thesummerholidayiscoming.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.3．Ihavenoideaifornothehasfinishedthework.4．Becausetheboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.5．ThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwasbecauseIgotanewjob.wherewhatwhetherThatthatⅡ.单句改错6．Iamsurethathesaidistrue.7．Theycametotheconclusionwhethernotallthingscanbedonebyacomputer.8．Idon'tdoubtwhetherhe'llcomebackontime.9．Mysuggestionisweshouldhaveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofjustlayingitaside.10．Hispromisewhichhewouldgiveawayhalfoftheyear'sincometothedisabledturnedoutalie.what或在that后加whatthatthatthatthatⅢ.翻译句子1．已经定下来了，会议推迟到了下周一。(主语从句)2．我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。(宾语从句)3．问题是值不值得试一试。(表语从句)ItisdecidedthatthemeetinghasbeenputofftillnextMonday.Ididn'tknowwhether/ifhewouldattendtheconcert.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthtrying.Ⅲ.翻译句子4．他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(同位语从句)5．他没来公司的原因是他生病了。(表语从句)6．我们必须尽力完成老师交给我们的任务。(宾语从句)Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.Thereasonwhyhedidn'tcometothecompanywasthathewasill.Wemusttrytofinishwhattheteachertoldustodo.Ⅳ.语法填空WearevisitingmybrotherRexinBoston，USA，1.________teacheshistoryinoneoftheuniversitieshere.Sofar，he2.________(invite)someofhisfriendstomeetus.OneofthemisfromAustria，andanotherisfromPoland.3.________restarefromJapan，India，andItaly.Itellhim4.________I'mconfused.“Don'tyouhaveanyAmericanfriends？”IaskRex.Hesays，“They'reallAmericans.Don'tyouknowthatAmericahaspeoplefromallovertheworld？”“That's5.________peopleoftendescribeAmericaasa‘meltingpot’ofmanycultures.”saysTajima，fromJapan.whohasinvitedThethatwhyⅣ.语法填空“Peoplecomehere6.________agoodmanyreasons.Butstudentsmainlycomeheretostudy.Ihavestudentsfromallovertheworldinmycollege.”saysRex.“Butwhowerethefirst7.________(come)here？”Iask.Rex'sIndianfriend，Samir，saysthefirstpeoplewerefromAsia，morethan20，000yearsagoandtheyareNativeAmericans'ancestors.About500yearsago，SpanishsettlersarrivedfromEurope，followedbyother8.