适用于新高考新教材备战2025届高考英语一轮总复习Unit4NaturalDisasters新人教版必修第一册

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSⅠ.阅读理解AShawnTriplettknewtherewasadesperateneedtohelpthechildrenofMayfield,Kentucky,afteradeadlystormstruckthetown.MayfieldwasoneofthetownshardesthitafteralineofstormscrossedthecentralUSonFridaynightandSaturdaymorning.Triplett—aMayfieldresidentandaformersoldier—wasinChicagothatFridaynight.Alarmedbytheweatherreports,hiswifeandtwoyoungchildrenwenttostayinahotelofthenearbytown,Paducah,withoutsufferingthestormsandultimatelyoutofthepathofthetornadoes(龙卷风).Abletoreturnhomethenextmorning,Triplettwasshockedbyhowthetownwasdestroyedandwantedtohelphoweverhecould.Hearrivedatthevolunteercenter,wherehewasaskedtoguideaphoto-journalistthroughstreetsfilledwithremains.Thatnight,thetworeturnedtoshelterswheretheysawmanysufferedfamiliesincludingonewomancomfortinghersonovertheirlostChristmas.“Itwasveryheartbreaking,toomuchformetohandle,”hesaid.Therefore,hedecidedthatmoreneededtobedoneforthechildrenaffectedbythestorm.Noticingthatsuppliesavailablewereessentialssuchasgenerators(发电机)andbottledwater,heturnedtohisfriendsonsocialmediafordonationssothathecouldgotoWalmartandpurchasetoysandgiftsforthekids.Around$2,000wereraised,andthestoregaveTriplettadiscountuponlearningofhisefforts.Aswordspreadonwebsites,moredonationspouredin.Hewasabletoreturnthefollowingdayandanother$6,000wasspentontoysandboardgames,hesaid.FortypairsofshoeswerealsopickedupatalocalShoeSensation.Triplettandothervolunteerswillwrapanddistributethetoysforanychildorfamilyinneed.Hecreditsthekindnessofeveryonewhotriedtohelpandgetfamiliesbackontheirfeetrightbeforetheholidays.1.WhywereTriplettandhisfamiliessafefromthedisaster?A.Theywererescuedbysoldiers.B.Theydidn’tcomebacktoMayfield.C.Theywerehelpedbyanaidagency.D.TheyhappenedtobetravellinginChicago.2.WhatdidTriplettseeintheshelters?A.Avolunteercleaningthestreet.B.Aboycryingforhislostfamily.C.Aphoto-journalisttakingpictures.D.Amothercalmingherchilddown.3.WhatdoTriplett’sdonationsmainlycontain?A.First-aidkits.B.Emergencyfood.C.Essentialsupplies.D.Entertainmentitems.4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeTriplett?A.Generousandhard-working.B.Braveandenergetic.C.Sympatheticandwarm-hearted.D.Foresightedanddetermined.BScientistshavelearnedmoreabouttheinnerworkingsoftheEarthbystudyingthewaywavesfromearthquakestravelthroughtheplanet’scenter.TheresultssuggestthattheEarth’sinnercoremaybestartingtospinmoreslowlythantheEarth.TheEarth’scorehastwoparts:theoutercoreandtheinnercore.Bothofthesearemademainlyofthemetals—ironandnickel.Theoutercoreisliquid.Buttheinnercoreisasolidballheldinthisliquidalmostliketheyolk(蛋黄)inanegg.ScientistssuspectedforalongtimethattheinnercoremightbespinningslightlydifferentlyfromthewaytheEarthspins.Inthe1990s,twoscientists,PaulRichardsandSongXiaodong,studiedtheinnercorebylookingatthewavesfromearthquakesthattravelthroughthecenteroftheEarth.Theyfocusedongroupsandpairsofwavesfromearthquakesthatnaturallyrepeat.IftheinnercorewasspinningexactlywiththeEarth,eachwaveofthepairshouldhavetakenthesametimetopassthroughtheEarth.Instead,somemovedfasterthanothers.Thiswasbecausetheywerehittingdifferentpartsoftheinnercoreasitspun.TheirstudiesrevealedthattheinnercorewasspinninginthesamedirectionastheEarth,butslightlyfaster.NowDr.SongandYiYang—anotherscientistwhostudiestheEarth—saythey’veusedthesamemethodtolearnthattheEarth’sinnercoremaybestartingtospinslowerthantheEarth.TheresearchersstudiedearthquakewavepairsfromAlaska,goingallthewaybackto1964.Theynoticedthattheinnercore’sspinalsoseemedtochangespeedintheearly1970s.Thescientistssaythattheinnercoremayhaveapatternofspeedingupandslowingdownevery70yearsorso.Noteveryoneagrees.ManyscientistswhostudytheEarthsaymoreinformationneededtofigureoutwhatisreallygoingon.5.Whyisaneggmentionedinthesecondparagraph?A.ToexplainhowtheEarth’scoremoves.B.Toshowtheimportanceoftheinnercore.C.Toillustratethecompositionoftheoutercore.D.TohelppicturethestructureoftheEarth’score.6.Whatdidthescientistsdiscoverabouttheinnercoreinthe1990s?A.Itsentoutearthquakewaves.B.Itchangedspeedrepeatedly.C.ItmovedexactlywiththeEarth.D.ItmovedalittlefasterthantheEarth.7.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthestudyresult?A.Itisaccurateandreliable.B.Itexcitesthescientists.C.Itneedsfurtherconfirmation.D.Ithascausedaheateddiscussion.8.Whatisthetext?A.Asciencereport.B.Asci-fistory.C.Adiaryentry.D.Abrochure.Ⅱ.七选五(2024九省适应性测试)CommonMistakesNewRunnersMakeRunningisagreatwaytogetinshapeandjustabouteveryonecandoit.However,manymakeanumberofcommonmistakes,whichcaninterfere(阻碍)withtrainingorleadtoinjury.1,keepthesethingsinmindtohelpyouincreaseyourchancesofrunningsuccess.

·DoingtoomuchtoosoonOneofthebiggestmistakesnewrunnersmakeisdoingtoomuchtoosoon.Slowlyeasingintoatrainingprogramwillhelpreducetheriskofinjury,soyoucancontinueonwithyournewrunningroutine.2.

·3

Beginnersmightthinktheyneedtoruneveryday(ornearlyeveryday)tomeettheirfitnessorweight-lossgoals,butthiscouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth.Runningisahigh-impactactivitywhichcanbereallyhardonyourbody.Soit’simportanttogiveyourbodyarestbetweenworkouts.·Notwearingtherightequipment4,it’simportantthatyouwearproperlyforyourworkouts.Themostimportantpieceofequipmentforrunningisagoodpairofrunningshoes,sobesuretodosomeresearchbeforeyoupurchaseapair.Visitarunningspecialtystoreandaskanemployeetofityouforashoe.

•Runningthroughpain5.Ifsomethinghurtswhenyourun,youneedtostopandtreatthepain.Remember:Itdoesn’tmakeyoulessofarunnerifyoulistentoyourbodytokeepithealthy.

A.NottakingrestdaysB.Ifyou’rejuststartingoutC.ComparingyourselftoothersD.RunningcanbeuncomfortableattimesE.It’simportantnottousethesamemusclesF.Whileitmaybetruethatyoudon’tneedexpensiveequipmenttotakeuprunningG.Expertssuggestincreasingyourrunningdistancebynomorethan10%eachweekⅢ.语法填空HerbalmedicineisanimportantpartofChinesecultureandthepracticeoftraditionalChinesemedicine.TheemperorShenNongissaidtohavetasted100herbs,1.allowedhimtoteachtheChinesepeoplehowtousethemintheirdietand2.(treat)forillness.Theseherbshelpthebodytostayinbalanceandgojiberriesareoneof3.(they).

Since200BCE,gojiberries4.(use)intraditionalChinesemedicine.InChina,gojiberriesareknown5.“wolfberryfruits”,andtheywereoncementionedinthe6.(old)bookofChineseherbsinexistence,ShenNongBenCaoJing.Theyarealsoknowntoact7.(positive)ontheorgansbecauseofthedetoxifying(解毒)properties,thus8.(contribute)toourqiandenergy.

Gojiberriesare9.excellentsourceofantioxidants(抗氧化剂),aminoacidsand20othertraceminerals.Thelistofgojiberrybenefitsislong,includingitsabilitytopromotehealthyskin,protecteyehealth,adjustbloodsugarlevelsandfightcancer.

InChina,gojiberriesarecommonlycookedandaddedtorecipeslikeporridge,soupsanddishes10.(make)withchicken,porkorvegetables.Theyarealsousedtomakevariouskindsoftea,juicesandwines.Ⅳ.应用文写作假定你是李华,上周你校举办了手工制作活动,活动用料全部来自生活中的可回收材料。请你为校英文报写一篇短文,内容包括:1.活动目的;2.活动内容;3.你的感受。留意:1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请在相应位置作答。AHandcraftMakingActivity_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述了Triplett在暴风雪后组织挚友对当地受灾儿童进行捐赠的故事。1.B微小环节理解题。依据其次段的“Triplett...withoutsufferingthestormsandultimatelyoutofthepathofthetornadoes.”可知,作为当地居民的他们却平安的缘由是灾难发生之际他们都没有回到受灾区。2.D微小环节理解题。依据第三段的“Thatnight,thetworeturnedtoshelterswheretheysawmanysufferedfamiliesincludingonewomancomfortinghersonovertheirlostChristmas.”可知,当晚Triplett回到避难所后看到了很多灾民,其中一位母亲正在抚慰因无法庆祝圣诞而难受的儿子,让他冷静下来。3.D微小环节理解题。依据第四段的“Noticingthatsuppliesavailablewereessentialssuchasgeneratorsandbottledwater,...purchasetoysandgiftsforthekids.”以及“Hewasabletoreturnthefollowingdayandanother$6,000wasspentontoysandboardgames,hesaid.”可知,Triplett给灾区儿童们的捐赠物主要是玩具、棋盘嬉戏等消遣用品。4.C推理推断题。依据第三段的“Abletoreturnhomethenextmorning...tohelphoweverhecould.”;“Thatnight...theirlostChristmas.”以及最终一段的“Hecredits...theholidays.”可知,Triplett看到了避难所的景象并为之动容,从而确定组织捐赠。可以推断出,Triplett是一个富有怜悯心的且热心肠的人。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。一项探讨发觉,地球内核的自转速度可能比地球慢,但这一发觉并非全部人都认可,仍须要进一步弄清原委发生了什么。5.D推理推断题。依据其次段可知,本段主要介绍的是地球内核的构造,与鸡蛋的构造有相像之处,所以,此处提到鸡蛋是以此来说明地球内核构造。6.D微小环节理解题。依据倒数第三段中的“Inthe1990s,twoscientists,PaulRichardsandSongXiaodong,studiedtheinnercorebylookingatthewavesfromearthquakesthattravelthroughthecenteroftheEarth.”和“TheirstudiesrevealedthattheinnercorewasspinninginthesamedirectionastheEarth,butslightlyfaster.”可知,20世纪90年头对地球内核的探讨发觉,地球内核的旋转方向与地球相同,但速度略快。7.C推理推断题。依据最终一段可知,探讨结果并非全部人都认可,仍须要进一步弄清原委发生了什么,由此可知,这项探讨须要进一步证明。8.A推理推断题。依据首段可知,本文讲解并描述的是科学探讨发觉,地球内核可能比地球旋转得更慢,下文对此探讨进行分析,由此可知,本文是一篇科学探讨报告。Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了新手跑步者常犯的错误。1.B上文“Runningisagreatwaytogetinshapeandjustabouteveryonecandoit.However,manymakeanumberofcommonmistakes,whichcaninterferewithtrainingorleadtoinjury.”指出跑步时有些人会犯一些常见的错误,这些错误可能会干扰训练或导致受伤,下文“keepthesethingsinmindtohelpyouincreaseyourchancesofrunningsuccess.”可知,空处是状语从句,B项“假如你刚刚起先”符合。故选B项。2.G上文“Oneofthebiggestmistakesnewrunnersmakeisdoingtoomuchtoosoon.Slowlyeasingintoatrainingprogramwillhelpreducetheriskofinjury,soyoucancontinueonwithyournewrunningroutine.”指出刚起先跑步的人会跑得太快,所以要渐渐进入训练,不要跑太多太快,G项“专家建议每周增加跑步距离不超过10%”符合,指出不要跑太多。故选G项。3.A此处是本段小标题,即新手跑步者常犯的错误之一,由本段内容可知,新手跑步者不休息,A项“没有休息日”符合。故选A项。4.F依据本段标题“Notwearingtherightequipment”可知,本段主要介绍了新手跑步者常犯的错误之一是没有佩戴合适的装备,下文“it’simportantthatyouwearproperlyforyourworkouts”强调跑步时正确穿着很重要,空处也应与“佩戴合适的装备”有关,F项“虽然你可能的确不须要昂贵的设备来起先跑步”符合,其中“equipment”呼应本段标题中的“therightequipment”。故选F项。5.D下文“Ifsomethinghurtswhenyourun,youneedtostopandtreatthepain.”指出跑步时假如感到难受,应当停下来,这说明有时候跑步会让人感到难受,D项“跑步有时会感到不舒适”符合。故选D项。Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统草药中的枸杞。1.which考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整句话的内容,关系词在定语从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。2.treatment/treatments考查词性转换。句意:据说神农皇帝尝过100种草药,这使他能够教中国人如何在饮食和治疗疾病中运用它们。and连接两个并列的名词,可以用单数名词或复数名词。故填treatment或treatments。3.them考查代词。句意:这些草药有助于身体保持平衡,枸杞就是其中之一。介词后用宾语,故填them。4.havebeenused考查动词的语态。依据Since200BCE可知,此处需用现在完成时,主语g