2022年黑龙江省大庆市实验中学高一下学期期末考试英语试题

大庆实验中学实验三部2021级高（一）下学期期末考试英语试题第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AImmersiveVanGoghFromthecreatorsoftheblockbustershowinParisseenbyovertwomillionvisitorsandstillwowingcrowdsinToronto,thewestcoastpremiere(首场)oftheImmersiveVanGoghExhibitwillbringtheartofVincenttolifeinLosAngeles.Immersiveartisnotjustatechnicalwaytorepresentvideoandaudioinhugespaces.Thewordimmersiveindicatesadeepcommitmentofintentionswhichconnectimagesandsoundsinawaythattheaudienceisabletoexperienceadifferentwayoftheart.Truetoitsname,thisexhibitiontransformstheiconic(偶像的)paintingsofVincentvanGoghintomoving,wall-fillingprojections.“ImmersiveVanGogh”promiseshalf-a-millioncubicfeetofprojectionsthatpullfromsomeofthepost-impressionist’smostrecognizablepieces,includingTheBedroom,Sunflowersand,yes,TheStarryNight.Youwillexperienceartlikeneverbefore—loseyourselfinentrancing,movingimagesthathighlightbrushstrokes,detail,andcolor—trulyilluminating(照亮)themindofthegenius.LOCATIONTheImmersiveVanGoghExhibitislocatedatasecretplacesituatedintheheartofLosAngeles.Tobeannouncedbeforetheexhibitopens,existingticketholderswillreceiveanemailwiththeplacenameandlocationonceitismadepublic.TICKETPRICESVIPTICKETS—$99.99●Priorityaccess●VanGoghcushion(agiftforyou)●LimitededitionposterPREMIUMTICKETS—$59.99●VanGoghcushion(rental)●LimitededitionposterBASICTICKETS—$54.99●AdmissiononlyCHILDTICKETS—$29.99●Ages6—16(children5andunderdonotrequireaticket)●Admissiononly●ChildticketsarenotsubjecttochangeofdatefeesTicketsareavailableonlineat.GIFTSHOPStopbyourExhibitGiftShoptotakethemagicofVanGoghhomewithyou!Fromclothingandjewelrytohomedécor,children’sbooks,andsomuchmore,youwillfinduniqueandthoughtfulsouvenirsattheImmersiveVanGoghExhibit.Alsobesuretocheckoutatouronlinestore!ExperiencetheorganiclandscapesofVanGogh’simagination,andjourneythroughhisbrillianceandmadnessinacompletelynewandunforgettableway.1.Accordingtothepassage,theImmersiveVanGoghExhibit________.A.presentsVanGogh’sartinamodernwayB.beginsajourneytoVanGogh’shometownC.displaysVanGogh’spaintingsonmovingwallsD.designsprojectsonVanGogh’slearningexperience2.Fromwherecanpeoplefindinformationabouttheexactlocationoftheexhibit?A.Anemail. B.Awebsite.C.Theticketoffice. D.Thegiftshop.3.Howmuchshouldacouplewitha5-year-oldchildwhowouldliketoownaVanGoghcushionatleastpayforthevisit?A.$109.98. B.$154.98.C.$159.98. D.$199.98.【答案】1.A2.A3.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了这场沉浸式梵高作品展在西海岸的首映式将在洛杉矶让梵高的艺术重现人间。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Immersiveartisnotjustatechnicalwaytorepresentvideoandaudioinhugespaces.Thewordimmersiveindicatesadeepcommitmentofintentionswhichconnectimagesandsoundsinawaythattheaudienceisabletoexperienceadifferentwayoftheart.(沉浸式艺术不仅仅是在巨大空间中表现视频和音频技术方法。沉浸式这个词表明了一种深刻的意图，通过将图像和声音连接起来，让观众能够体验到一种不同的艺术方式)”以及第三段“Truetoitsname,thisexhibitiontransformstheiconicpaintingsofVincentvanGoghintomoving,wall-fillingprojections.“ImmersiveVanGogh”promiseshalf-a-millioncubicfeetofprojectionsthatpullfromsomeofthepost-impressionist’smostrecognizablepieces,includingTheBedroom,Sunflowersand,yes,TheStarryNight.(正如它的名字一样，这次展览将文森特·梵高的标志性画作变成了移动的、充满墙壁的投影。ImmersiveVanGogh承诺将使用50万立方英尺的投影，呈现出印象派最著名的作品，包括《卧室》、《向日葵》，没错，还有《星夜》)”可知，沉浸式艺术是一种将图像和声音连接起来的新型艺术形式。本次梵高绘画展演就是要通过沉浸式艺术展现。由此推知，本次展演将通过一种新的方式呈现。故选A。2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Tobeannouncedbeforetheexhibitopens,existingticketholderswillreceiveanemailwiththeplacenameandlocationonceitismadepublic.(在展览开始前宣布，一旦公开，现有的门票持有者将收到一封附有地点和地点的电子邮件)”可知，想要得到本次展演的确切地点，只能通过电子邮件。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据题干“acouplewitha5-year-oldchildwhowouldliketoownaVanGoghcushion(一对夫妇和一个5岁的孩子，并且想拥有一个梵高坐垫)”可知，一共有两个成人，一个五岁的小孩，并且想要梵高坐垫。再结合“Ages6—16(children5andunderdonotrequireaticket)”可知，五岁以下的小孩不需要门票。再根据题干中“ownaVanGoghcushion”可知，想要得到一份VanGoghcushion必须其中一人购买VIPTICKETS，即需要$99.99。另一个人只需要购买BASICTICKETS(基本门票)，即需要$54.99。所以acouplewitha5-year-oldchildwhowouldliketoownaVanGoghcushion(一对夫妇和一个5岁的孩子，并且想拥有一个梵高坐垫)至少需要$154.98。故选B。BCPR(cardiopulmonaryresuscitation心肺复苏术)andfirstaidarerelatedtopics.Itcouldbesaidthatfirstaidisthemoregeneralofthetwo,andtraininginfirstaidmightincludeinstructionsandpracticeonhowtorespondtoavarietyofmedicalemergenciesthatcouldbecausingdangertolifeortoapartofaperson’sbody.Onesuchmedicalemergencycouldbethestoppingofbreathingorheartbeat,andtherightresponse,inthiscase,mightbetoperformCPR.Thus,CPRcanbeseenasatypeoffirst-aidresponse.Therecanbedifferencesintheamountoffirst-aidtrainingpeoplelearn,andcoursescansometimesbebrokendownintoemergencyandstandardtraining.Standardtrainingisactuallythemoreextensiveofthetwo,andwouldincludeteachingandlearninghowtohandleavarietyofmedicalsituationslikebitesfrominsectsoranimals,brokenbones,poisoning,childbirth,andcareofwounds.EmergencyfirstaidtendstobelimitedtotheteachingofCPR,howtohandlechokingemergencies,andinstructionsonwoundcareforheavybleeding.CPRandfirstaidmaybetaughttogetheroraresometimestakenasseparatecourses.PeoplemayneedawholedayofpracticeorlongerbeforegettingCPRcertification,whichshouldbeobtainedfromrecognizedagenciesliketheRedCross.ThebigdifferencebetweenCPRandfirstaid,intermsoftakingclasses,isthatCPRfocusesonlyonlearningtoperformcardiopulmonaryresuscitationandrecognizethosesituationsassoonaspossibleinwhichitshouldbeperformed,whilefirst-aidclassesmayteachthistoo,buttheywillteachinthebroadercontextofhowpeopleneedtorespondtolotsofdifferentinjuriesorillness.TheissueofCPRandfirstaidmaygetconfusingwhenpeopleareaskedtogettraininginoneorbothofthese.Somepeoplemaybeaskedtotakeafirst-aidcourseandhaveCPRtraining.Thosewhoneedmoreextensivetraininginstandardfirstaidcertainlywon’tsatisfythisneedbyonlytakingaCPRcourse.Thoseconfusedaboutwhattrainingtheyneedshouldgetthisissueclearwiththeperson(usuallyanemployer)requestingthetraining.BeingabletorespondfirstinamedicalemergencyusuallymeansneedingtoknowCPR,butotherknowledgecouldbejustasnecessary.Forinstance,howtostopuncontrollablebleedingorhowtohandleanepisodeofanaphylacticshock(过敏性休克)couldbevitaltoo.4.WhatisthepurposeofperformingCPR?A.Tobequalifiedasafirst-aidtrainer. B.Tomakeaperson’sheartstartbeatingagain.C.Todealwithallthemedicalemergencies. D.Togainpracticalknowledgeoffirstaid.5.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A.CPRworksfasterwhensomeonebreakshisleg.B.CPRincludesmostcoursesofemergencytraining.C.EmergencyfirstaidismoreusefulthanCPR.D.Standardtrainingdealswithmoremedicalcases.6.WhencanpeoplegetthechancetoobtainCPRcertification?A.WhenpracticingawholedayinRedCross.B.AftersavingsomeonewithCPR.C.AfterfinishingtheCPRtraining.D.Whengettinginstructionsfromrecognizedagencies.7.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Abookreview. B.Anacademicreport.C.Ahealthmagazine. D.Amathsexampaper.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了心肺复苏术和急救课程在内容上的区别。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Onesuchmedicalemergencycouldbecessation(停止)ofbreathingorheartbeat,andtheappropriateresponse,inthiscase,mightbetoperformCPR.(其中一种医疗紧急情况可能是呼吸或心跳停止，在这种情况下，适当的反应可能要进行心肺复苏术。)”可知，实施心肺复苏术（CPR）的目的是让一个人的心脏重新获得跳动。故选B项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二、三句“Standardtrainingisactuallythemoreextensiveofthetwo,andwouldincludeteachingandlearninghowtohandleavarietyofmedicalsituationslikebitesfrominsectsoranimals,brokenbones,poisoning,childbirth,andcareofwounds.EmergencyfirstaidtendstobelimitedtotheteachingofCPR,howtohandlechokingemergencies,andinstructionsonwoundcareforheavybleeding.(标准培训实际上是两种培训中更广泛的一种，包括教授和学习如何处理各种医疗情况，如被昆虫或动物咬伤、骨折、中毒、分娩和伤口护理。急救往往局限于心肺复苏术（CPR）的教学，如何处理窒息的紧急情况，以及大出血的伤口护理指导。)”可知，与急救相比，标准培训处理更多的医疗案例。故选D项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“PeoplemayneedawholedayofpracticeorlongerbeforegettingCPRcertification,whichshouldbeobtainedfromrecognizedagenciesliketheRedCross.(人们可能需要一整天或更长时间的练习才能获得心肺复苏术（CPR）证书，这应该从像红十字会这样的被认可的机构获得。)”可知，在完成心肺复苏训练后有机会获得心肺复苏术证书。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了心肺复苏术和急救课程在内容上的区别。尤其是第三段第一句“CPRandfirstaidmaybetaughttogetheroraresometimestakenasseparatecourses.(心肺复苏术和急救可以一起讲授，有时也可以分开讲授。)”可知，本文是关于医学学术方面的文章。故选B项。CKillerwhales,ororcas,areknownfortheirsevereattacksonseaanimalsbuttheyhaveneverposedathreattohumans.However,sincelateJuly,thenormallysocialanimalshavebeenintentionallyattackingsailboatsoffthecoastsofSpainandPortugal.ThestrangebehaviorfirstsurfacedonJuly29,2020,whena46-footboatwasrepeatedlyattackedforalmostanhourbynineorcas,causingtheboattorotate(旋转)180degreesandhavingitsengineswitchedoff.Sincethen,over30moresimilarincidentshavebeenreported.OnSeptember23,2020,Spain'sgovernmentbannedboatsoflessthan50feetinlengthfromsailinginthe60-milestretchoftheAtlanticcoastlinebetweenFerrolandtheEstacadeBaresCape,wheretheattackshavebeenoccurring.Researchersacrosstheworldaretryingtoexplaintheorcas'behavior.Somebelieveitcouldbearesultoftheoverfishingofthebluefishtuna-theorcas'primaryfoodsource-whichhasleftthearea'skillerwhalesstarvingandunabletofeedtheirbabies."Isawthemlookatboatscarryingfish.Ithinktheyknowhumansaresomehowrelatedtofoodshortages,"saysKenBalcomb,seniorscientistattheCenterforWhaleResearchinWashington,USA.Theenvironmentalistsbelievethesuddenincreaseinboattrafficandfishingactivities,aftermonthsofabsenceduetorestrictionsonhumanactivitylastspring,couldalsobecontributingtotheagitation.However,AlfredoLópez,abiologyprofessorinGalicia,Spain,thinkstheattacksaredefensivemeasurestheorcasadoptedtoprotectthemselvesagainstboatinjuries.Theresearchercametothisconclusionafterlookingattheofthevideosofafewincidentsandnoticingthattwooftheyoungkillerwhalesinvolvedhadseriousinjuries.Hopefully,theexpertswillbeabletofindawaytorestoretheharmonybetweentheanimalsandthehumanssoon.8.Whatdoweknowaboutorcasinparagraph1?A.Theyarefriendlytohumans. B.Theyhavechangedtheirbehavior.CTheyarefamousforhuntingskills D.Theyhavemettoughlivingconditions.9.Whohold(s)theideathatfishingactivitiescausedtheincidents?A.KenBalcomb. B.Theenvironmentalists.C.AlfredoLópez. D.Spain'sgovernment.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"theagitation"inParagraph3referto?A.Theattacks. B.Foodshortages. C.Theoverfishing. D.Humanactivities.11.Whatmightbeasuitabletitleforthistext?A.Howdokillerwhalesattackhumans?B.WhyAreKillerWhalesattackingBoats?C.Howcanweliveinharmonywithanimals?D.Whyareboatsbannedfromsailingonthesea?【答案】8.B9.A10.A11.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。报道了西班牙葡萄牙近海区多艘小型渔船遭遇杀人鲸袭击。【8题详解】推理判断题。由根据第一段第一句“Killerwhales,ororcas,areknownfortheirsevereattacksonseaanimalsbuttheyhaveneverposedathreattohumans.”可知，以前虎鲸从未袭击人类。结合第二句“However,sincelateJuly,thenormallysocialanimalshavebeenintentionallyattackingsailboatsoffthecoastsofSpainandPortugal.”（然而自从去年七月，这种动物一直在有意地袭击西班牙葡萄牙近海岸水域的渔船。）可知，虎鲸改变了他们的行为。故选B项。”【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Somebelieveitcouldbearesultoftheoverfishingofthebluefishtuna-theorcas'primaryfoodsource-whichhasleftthearea'skillerwhalesstarvingandunabletofeedtheirbabies."Isawthemlookatboatscarryingfish.Ithinktheyknowhumansaresomehowrelatedtofoodshortages,"saysKenBalcomb,seniorscientistattheCenterforWhaleResearchinWashington,USA.（有些研究员认为可能是由于人类过度捕猎虎鲸为食的鱼类引起的，导致虎鲸吃不饱不能喂养幼鲸。KenBalcomb,说他看到虎鲸盯着载满鱼的船，大概知道人类和他们挨饿有关）可知，A项符合题意。故选A项。【10题详解】词句猜测题。第三段在分析虎鲸袭击人类的渔船行为的原因。举例说明了有的研究员认为是人类过度捕鱼可能导致虎鲸食物不足，引发虎鲸袭击渔船。划线词所在句子“Theenvironmentalistsbelievethesuddenincreaseinboattrafficandfishingactivities,aftermonthsofabsenceduetorestrictionsonhumanactivitylastspring,couldalsobecontributingtotheagitation.”（环境学家认为好几个月的春季禁渔期结束，渔船流量突然增加和捕鱼活动也可能会导致这些虎鲸袭击渔船事件。）该句分析了另一个引发虎鲸袭击事件的原因，据此可以推测划线词的意思是虎鲸袭击事件。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。文章开头介绍虎鲸袭击渔船的异常行为。接下来分析各种有可能引发虎鲸异常行为的诱因，所以题目应该是“虎鲸为什么袭击渔船”。故选B项DScientistshaverecentlydevelopedamethodto3D-printgreenerbuildingsusinglocalsoilthattheysayhasthepossibilitytobeintheleadintheconstructionindustry.SarbajitBanerjee,aprofessorofchemistryandmaterialsscienceandengineeringatTexasA&MUniversity,said3Dprintingenabledthemtoprinttheentirefrontofabuilding,althoughgettingsuchstructurestomeetexistingbuildingruleswasstillasignificantchallenge.Concrete(混凝土)isstilltheimportantmaterialusedinmanyconstructionprojectsbutitcannotberecycledandrequiresalotofenergytomixandtransport.Theresearchteam’saimistoprintstructuresusingthetypeofsoilthatcanbefoundinanygarden.“Whileconcreteiswidelyusedinhousingandhasenabledthegrowthofcities,thishascomeataconsiderableenvironmentalcost,”saidBanerjee.“Themoveto3D-printconcretethreatenstoexacerbatethisproblem.However,wetrytomakeanewexampleofconstructionthatusesnaturallysourcedmaterials.Usingsuchmaterialswillfurtherpavethewayforbuildingdesignsthatarespecificallyadaptedtotheneedsofthelocalclimate.What’smore,theuseoflocalmaterialswouldreducetheneedtotransportconcretelongdistances,furtherreducingtheenvironmentalimpactofthebuildings.Theresearchteam’splantoreplaceconcretewiththeearthbeneathourfeetdependsontheirabilitytoimprovethesoil’scapabilitytostandtheweightofthewholehouse,towardswhichBanerjeesaidthey“aremakingexcellentprogress”.Oncetheyhaveaclearerideaofthelimitsofthetechnology,Banerjeeandhisteamplantofurtherinvestigatehowitmightallowforbuildingonotherplanets.Forinstance,theyhaveworkedonaddressingtheproblemofbuildingall-weatherroadsnearthearcticarea.TheyhopethetechnologycouldonedaybeusedbeyondEarth,tocreatesettlementsonthemoonorevenMars.12.What’sthelatestdevelopmentinconstruction?A.Recyclingconcrete. B.Reducingtheconstructioncost.C.3D-printingbuildingsfromlocalsoil. D.Changingtheconstructionrules.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exacerbate”inParagraph5probablymean?A.solve. B.simplify. C.relieve. D.worsen.14.Whatistheconditionforreplacingconcretewiththeearth?AThelocalclimate. B.Thesoil’sweight-bearingcapability.C.Theenvironmentalfootprint. D.Thecostoftransportation.15.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theoutlookforfurtherstudies. B.Theexplorationsofthearcticarea.C.Thelimitsofthenewtechnology. D.Thebarriertobuildingonotherplanets.【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种利用当地土壤3D打印绿色建筑的方法。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Scientistshaverecentlydevelopedamethodto3D-printgreenerbuildingsusinglocalsoilthattheysayhasthepossibilitytobeintheleadintheconstructionindustry.(科学家最近开发了一种利用当地土壤3D打印绿色建筑的方法，他们说这种方法有可能在建筑业中处于领先地位。)”可知，用当地土壤3D打印建筑是建筑领域的最新发展。故选C项。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据第五段“However,wetrytomakeanewexampleofconstructionthatusesnaturallysourcedmaterials.(然而，我们试图创造一个使用天然材料的建筑新样例。)”可知，我们创造一个新样例，说明上文应该是指使用3D打印混凝土可能会“加剧”这一问题，所以可推断出划线词是“加剧”的意思。故选D项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Theresearchteam’splantoreplaceconcretewiththeearthbeneathourfeetdependsontheirabilitytoimprovethesoil’scapabilitytostandtheweightofthewholehouse,towardswhichBanerjeesaidthey“aremakingexcellentprogress”.(研究小组计划用我们脚下的泥土取代混凝土，这取决于他们是否有能力提高土壤承受整个房屋重量的能力，班纳吉表示，他们正在朝着这一目标“取得巨大进展”。)”可知，用泥土代替混凝土的条件是土壤的承重能力。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Oncetheyhaveaclearerideaofthelimitsofthetechnology,Banerjeeandhisteamplantofurtherinvestigatehowitmightallowforbuildingonotherplanets.(一旦他们对这项技术的局限性有了更清晰的认识，班纳吉和他的团队计划进一步研究它如何允许在其他星球上建造房屋。)”可知，最后一段主要讲对进一步研究的展望。故选A项。第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Anyonewhodealswithteensknowshowdifficulttheadolescentyearscanbe.Teensarealwaysknowntodowildanddangerousthings.____16____Butnowscientistshavestudiedthephysicaldevelopmentofthebraininmoredetail,leadingtoanewtheoryofwhyteensactthewaytheydo.Scientistsdiscoveredthatthoughourbrainsarealmostattheirfullsizebytheageofsix,theyarenotfullydeveloped.Now,scientistshavefoundourbrainscontinuetochangetillage25.____17____.Thestudiesconfirmteensaremorelikelytotakerisksandbehaveinextremeways.Onewaythebraindoesthisisbychangingthewayteensthinkofdangerandreward(回报).Whenteenagersthinkaboutrewards,theirbrainsproducemorechemicalsthatcreatepleasurethanadultbrainswould.____18____.Italsomakesteensfeelmoreexcitedaboutnewexperiencesthanadultsdo.Besides,researchersfounditmakessocialconnectionsespeciallyrewarding.Generally,teenagershaveanintenseneedtomeetnewpeopleandthinktheyouthmayonedaycontroltheworldtheylivein.Asit’sstilldeveloping,ateenagebraincanchangetodealwithnewsituations.____19____.Inthisway,thebrainencouragesteenstohavevariousfriends.Somepeoplethinkthatthishuntforgreaterrewardscansometimesleadteenagerstogotoextremes.____20____Itmeansthatteensaremorelikely,andlessafraid,totrynewthingsortobeindependent.Thescientists’findingssuggestthatinthelongrun,theimpulses(冲动)oftheteenbrainarewhathelpteensleavetheirparents’careandlivetheirownlivessuccessfully.A.Itishardfortheteenstoadapttonewsituations.B.Theresultisthechangeableactionsseeninteens.C.Thereforeitconnectssocialrewardswithmorepleasure.D.Thismakestherewardsseemmoreimportantthantherisks.E.However,itisofgreatbenefitforteenagerstogoforrewards.F.Theteenbraininspiresteenagerstohelppreparefortheschoollife.G.Thesethingswerethoughttobedowntothefoolishnessoftheyoung.【答案】16.G17.B18.D19.C20.E【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了青少年大脑发育过程中对于他们心理和行为上的影响。【16题详解】空前“Teensarealwaysknowntodowildanddangerousthings.”描述青少年在青春期会做狂野和危险的事情，空后“Butnowscientistshavestudiedthephysicaldevelopmentofthebraininmoredetail,leadingtoanewtheoryofwhyteensactthewaytheydo.(但现在，科学家们对大脑的生理发育进行了更详细的研究，并提出了一种关于青少年行为方式的新理论)”表示科学发现解释青少年行为的理论；G选项“这些事情被认为是年轻人的愚蠢行为”描述人们对于青少年行为的普遍观点，且Thesethings与前文中的wildanddangerousthings对应。故选G项。【17题详解】空前“Scientistsdiscoveredthatthoughourbrainsarealmostattheirfullsizebytheageofsix,theyarenotfullydeveloped.Now,scientistshavefoundourbrainscontinuetochangetillage25.(科学家们发现，虽然我们的大脑在6岁时几乎达到完整大小，但它们还没有完全发育。现在，科学家发现我们的大脑在25岁之前会继续变化)”表示大脑一直要发育到25岁，结合上一段描述青少年行为的科学原因可知，B选项“其结果就是青少年不可预测的行为”表示生理变化导致行为上的结果，符合语境。故选B项。【18题详解】空前“Whenteenagersthinkaboutrewards,theirbrainsproducemorechemicalsthatcreatepleasurethanadultbrainswould.(当青少年想到回报时，他们的大脑会比成年人产生更多的化学物质来创造快乐)”描述对于青少年来说，回报会带来快乐，D选项“这使得回报似乎比风险更重要”描述青少年对于回报和风险的看法，且本句中This指代前文一句内容。故选D项。【19题详解】空前“Asit'sstilldeveloping,ateenagebraincanchangetodealwithnewsituations.(青少年的大脑还在发育中，它可以改变来应对新情况)”描述青少年的大脑在发育，会改变来应对新情况，空后“Inthisway,thebrainencouragesteenstohaveawidecircleoffriends.(通过这种方式，大脑鼓励青少年拥有广泛的朋友圈)”描述青少年在社交上的行为；C选项“因此，它将社会奖励与更多的快乐联系在一起”描述青少年如何应对社会关系，承上启下。故选C项。【20题详解】空前“Somepeoplethinkthatthishuntforgreaterrewardscansometimesleadteenagerstogotoextremes.(有些人认为这种追求更大回报的行为有时会导致青少年走向极端)”讲述过分追求回报对于青少年的弊端，空后“Itmeansthatteensaremorelikely,andlessafraid,totrynewthingsortobeindependent.(这意味着青少年更有可能，更少害怕，去尝试新事物或独立)”描述对于青少年的好处；E选项“然而，对青少年来说，争取回报是有很大好处的”进行转折，描述追求回报的好处，符合语境。故选E项。第三部分：语言知识运用（共三节，满分40分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ThegirlGuoYujiegotaperfectgiftonSaturday—agoldmedalofBeijing2022ParalympicWinterGames.Theteenager,whoturned18onMarch16,spedtothe____21____inthewomen’ssprintstandingevent(短距离站姿比赛)toclaimthefirst-everWinterParalympicgoldmedalforaChinesewomanon____22____.Shehopedtotelltheyoungpeoplewithdisabilitiesthattheyshouldkeep____23____.GuowasborninShangyicounty,Zhangjiakou,with____24____onherlefthand.Shefirsttried____25____whenshewas11.“IwashappywhenIwasskiing,”Guosaid.Shethen____26____tobecomeacross-countryskierandbiathlete.Herdecisionwasalso____27____byherfamily.Inbiathlon(冬季两项),Guo____28____herlackofstamina(耐力)inskiingwithaccuracyandspeedintheshootingpart.“Ijust____29____thequickchangebetweenhigh-speedracingandcontrollingmybreathingfor____30____.Ihopemoreyoungpeoplewithdisabilitycanfindtheir____31____insnowsports.Actually,disabledpeoplearenot____32____atanything.WecantakepartintheWinterParalympicsandbecome____33____.Peopleshouldn’tlookdownonthemselvesjustbecauseoftheirdisabilities,”Guosaid.Guo’s____34____istheresultoffiveyearsofhardtraining.Shesaidthatherparents,relatives,andfriendswatchedhercompeteliveonTV.“Theyareallveryproudofme.____35____,Ihaveliveduptotheirexpectations.”21.A.restarea B.turningpoint C.rescuecenter D.finishline22.A.track B.snow C.foot D.water23.A.writing B.singing C.fighting D.smiling24.A.tools B.awards C.disabilities D.fingers25.A.running B.researching C.reporting D.skiing26.A.failed B.decided C.continued D.hesitated27.A.supported B.ignored C.tested D.refused28.A.givesup B.picksup C.looksupto D.makesupfor29.A.love B.hide C.control D.remove30.A.growing B.answering C.shooting D.relaxing31.A.interest B.information C.views D.faults32.A.angry B.crazy C.skillful D.bad33.A.targets B.champions C.trainers D.partners34.A.gold B.goal C.hope D.base35.A.Usually B.Finally C.Unluckily D.Suddenly【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.C25.D26.B27.A28.D29.A30.C31.A32.D33.B34.A35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。3月16日北京冬季残奥会，郭玉洁在女子站姿滑雪比赛中，为中国女子赢得了第一枚冬季残奥会滑雪方面的金牌。她想告诉那些身患残疾的人不要贬低自己，要保持奋斗。【21题详解】考查名词短语辨析。句意：这位18岁的少年于3月16日冲向终点线，在女子短距离站姿比赛中，为中国女子赢得了第一枚冬季残奥会冰雪运动方面的金牌。A.restarea休息区；B.turningpoint转折点；C.rescuecenter救援中心；D.finishline终点线。根据后半句“toclaimthefirst-everWinterParalympicgoldmedalforaChinesewomanon2.”可知，能赢得金牌，必定第一个冲过了“终点线（finishline）”。故选D项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位18岁的少年于3月16日冲向终点线，在女子短距离站姿比赛中，为中国女子赢得了第一枚冬季残奥会雪上运动方面的金牌。A.track轨道；B.snow雪；C.foot脚；D.water水。根据本句中的“inthewomen’ssprintstandingevent(短距离站姿比赛)”，以及第二段中“‘IwashappywhenIwasskiing,’Guosaid.(“我滑雪时很开心，”郭说。)”可知，郭玉洁进行的是短距离站姿的越野滑雪比赛，因此她为中国女子赢得了是第一枚冬季残奥会“滑雪（snow）”方面的金牌。故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她希望告诉残疾青年，他们应该继续奋斗。A.writing写作；B.singing唱歌；C.fighting战斗，努力奋斗；D.smiling微笑。根据第三段最后一句“‘Peopleshouldn’tlookdownonthemselvesjustbecauseoftheirdisabilities,’Guosaid.(郭说，人们不应该因为自己的残疾而看不起自己。)”可知，她希望她的成功能够鼓舞那些残疾人士跟她一样去“奋斗（fighting）”，不要低估了自己。故选C项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：郭雨洁出生在张家口尚义县，左手残疾。A.tools工具；B.awards奖项；C.disabilities残疾；D.fingers手指。根据上文“Shehopedtotelltheyoungpeoplewithdisabilitiesthattheyshouldkeep3.(她希望告诉残疾青年，他们应该继续战斗。)”可知，她用自己尽管有残疾，但依旧能夺金的实例来鼓舞那些和她一样的残疾人，因此可知她左手残疾。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她11岁时第一次尝试滑雪。A.running跑步；B.researching研究；C.reporting报告；D.skiing滑雪。根据下一句“‘IwashappywhenIwasskiing,’Guosaid.(郭说：“我滑雪的时候很开心”。)”可知，此处skiing为复现词，她从11岁开始学滑雪。故选D项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她决定成为一名越野滑雪者和冬季两项运动员。A.failed失败；B.decided决定；C.continued继续；D.hesitated犹豫不决。根据后一句“Herdecisionwasalso7byherfamily.(她的决定也得到了家人的支持。)”，此句的decision为同根复现词，可知，她“决定（decided）”成为滑雪和冬季滑雪两项运动员，并且这个决定获得了家人的支持。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的决定也得到了家人的支持。A.supported支持；B.ignored忽略；C.tested测试；D.refused拒绝。根据文章最后一句“Shesaidthatherparents,relatives,andfriendswatchedhercompeteliveonTV.‘Theyareallveryproudofme.15,Ihaveliveduptotheirexpectations.(她的父母、亲戚和朋友都在电视上观看了她的比赛直播。她说，“他们都为我感到骄傲。最终，我没有辜负大家的期望”。)”可知，坐在电视机前的家人对她的表现有期待，说明一开始他们就有“支持（supported）”她做的决定。故选A项。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在冬季两项比赛中，郭在射击环节以精准和速度弥补了她滑雪耐力的不足。A.givesup放弃；B.picksup捡起；C.looksupto仰望；D.makesupfor弥补。根据下文“Ijust9thequickchangebetweenhigh-speedracingandcontrollingmybreathingfor10.(我只是喜欢在高速比赛和射击时控制呼吸之间的快速变化。)”可知，她尽管滑雪缺乏耐力，但是她能够在射击方面用精准度和速度来“弥补（makesupfor）”这一弱点，依旧夺得金牌。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只是喜欢在高速比赛和射击时控制呼吸之间的快速变化。A.love爱；B.hide隐藏；C.control控制；D.remove删除。根据上文“‘IwashappywhenIwasskiing,’Guosaid.Shethen6tobecomeacross-countryskierandbiathlete.(‘我滑雪的时候很开心’，郭说。然后她决定成为一名越野滑雪者和冬季两项运动员。)”以及“Inbiathlon(冬季两项),Guo8herlackofstamina(耐力)inskiingwithaccuracyandspeedintheshootingpart.(在冬季两项比赛中，郭在射击环节以精准和速度弥补了她滑雪耐力的不足。)”可知，郭喜欢滑雪运动的速度，而射击方面她能精准快速射击，可见她很“喜欢（love）”在两项运动之间做快速转换。故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只是喜欢在高速比赛和射击时控制呼吸之间的快速变化。A.growing成长；B.answering回答；C.shooting射击；D.relaxing放松。根据“Inbiathlon(冬季两项),Guo8herlackofstamina(耐力)inskiingwithaccuracyandspeedintheshootingpart.(在冬季两项比赛中，郭在射击环节以精准和速度弥补了她滑雪耐力的不足。)”可知，她要用她的射击方面的优势弥补滑雪方面的弱势，因此，需要调整呼吸为“射击（shooting）”做准备。故选C项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望更多年轻的残疾人士能对雪上运动感兴趣。A.interest兴趣；B.information信息；C.views观点；D.faults错误。根据后文“Actually,disabledpeoplearenot12atanything.WecantakepartintheWinterParalympicsandbecome13.(事实上，残障人士在任何方面都不差。我们可以参加冬季残奥会，成为冠军。)”可知，她在鼓励其他残疾人士也可以像她一样参加冬季残奥会，也能通过奋斗努力获得冠军，因此，她希望更多的年轻残疾人能找到他们在雪上运动方面的“兴趣（interest）”。故选A项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，残障人士在任何方面都不差。A.angry生气的；B.crazy疯狂的；C.skillful熟练的；D.bad差的。根据后文“WecantakepartintheWinterParalympicsandbecome13.(我们可以参加冬季残奥会，成为冠军。)”可知，她认为残疾人士一样在雪上运动获得成就，一样获得冠军，他们在任何方面都不差。故选D项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以参加冬残奥会，成为冠军。A.targets目标；B.champions冠军；C.trainers教练员；D.partners搭档。根据上文“Theteenager,whoturned18onMarch16,spedtothe1inthewomen’ssprintstandingevent(短距离站姿比赛)toclaimthefirst-everWinterParalympicgoldmedalfor