2022年陕西省渭南市大荔县高一下学期期末质量检测英语试题

渭南市大荔县2021-2022学年高一下学期期末质量检测英语注意事项：1.本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.选择题用2B铅笔将正确答案涂写在答题卡上；非选择题用0.5mm黑色墨水签字笔答在答题卡的指定答题区域内，超出答题区域答案无效。3.答题前，请将姓名、考号、试卷类型按要求涂写在答题卡上。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。AForthousandsofyears,wehavelookedforwaystomeasuretime.Earlyhumansfoundthattheregularmovementsofthesun,theearth>themoon,andthestarsmadegoodwaystomeasuretime.Therisingandsettingofthesunwereusedtodistinguish（辨别）dayfromnight.But,eventually,peopleneededtotelltimemoreaccurately,orexactly.So,byusingthesun’spositioninthesky,theydividedthedayintodawn,morning,middayandevening.Thenitwasnotedthatthesuncastachangingshadowasitmovedacrossthesky.Timecouldbetoldmoreaccuratelybysettingupastickandmarkingthepositionsofthesun’sshadow.ItwastheancientGreekswhodividedeachpositionofthis“sundial（日规）”intohours.Butthesundoesn’talwaysshine.So,forthepast6,000years,manyotherwaysofkeepingtimehavebeentried.Slow-burningcandlesweredividedintohours,andthehourglasswasinvented.Whenallthesandinthetopofanhourglasshasshiftedtothebottom,anhourhaspassed.Later,thependulum（摆钟）,withitsregularback-and-forthmovementofweights,wasusedtomovethehandsonaclock.Pendulumsarestillusedingrandfatherclocks.Today,evenmoreaccurateclocksareinuse,suchasbattery-operatedquartzclocks（石英钟）,digitalclocks,andclocksrunbyelectricaltuningforksandtinyatoms.Theseatomicclocksarethemostaccurateclockseverinvented.Theexacttimecanbekepttowithin1secondacentury.21.Humansintheolddaysused__________________totelldayfromnight.A.atomicclocks B.battery-operatedquartzclocksC.therisingandsettingofthesun D.digitalclocks22.Asundialworksby__________________.A.trackingthemovementofthestarsaroundthesunB.watchingthestarsC.burningcandlesinthesunlightD.markingashadowcastbythemovingsun23.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTusedinthepasttomeasuretime?A.Anhourglass. B.Digitalclocks. C.Asundial. D.Apendulum.BThe“24solarterms（节气）”originatedandwasfirstlyusedinChina.Itwascreatedthousandsofyearsagoonthebasisofpracticalneedsofagriculture.AncientChinesepeopleusedittoguideagricultureproduction,specialclimatesignsandevenhealthylivingtips.Lastyear,the24solartermswasaddedtoUNESCO’sworldculturalheritage（遗产）list.Now,ithasbeenbroughttolifethankstoacreativedesignerfromSouthwestChina’sGuizhouprovince.Ontheeveofthisyear’sQingmingFestival,ShiChanghongreleased（发布）hisversionofreproducedandpackagedcharactersforeachsolartermintheformof“movingart”ofgifs.SincetheirfirstreleaseonZcoolonMarch29,thegifshavewongreatpraiseamongthegeneralpublicandquicklyfloodedsocialmediawithmillionsofhits（点击）duringthefestivalperiod.Tomaximizepublicity,Shireleasedhisworkinthreeforms:video,animationandpicture.Thebackgroundsoundsaddtothebrilliance.“WhenIwatchtheshortvideo,IcanstronglyfeeltheChinese-styleelementshiddeninthem.AnditisreallycooltolivenupChinesetraditionalcultureinsuchauniqueway.”WeChatuserXiaoFeifeisaid.“Itisreallyacomforttometoseesomanypeoplelikemylatestwork.Tobehonest,itwouldreallysurprisemeiftheworkdoesnotarousegreatinterestamongChinesepeople.The24solaritemsisadeeplyrootedconceptthatcoverstheessenceofChinesewisdom.However,onlyasmallportionofpeopleknowallthenamesorthecorrectorderofthoseterms.MyintentionistoincreaseChinesepeople’sself-awarenesstolearnmoreaboutourtraditionalfineculture.Actually,the24solaritemsworkisonlyapartofmywholedesignprogram‘CharmChina’,whichIstartedoverayearago.”ShitoldChinaDaily.24.Whichpartofthenewspaperdoesthetextprobablybelongto?A.Travel. B.Agriculture. C.Culture. D.Education.25.Whatdoyouthinktheunderlinedword“Zcool”referto?A.Newspaper. B.Website. C.RadioBroadcast. D.Magazine.26.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtotext?A.Mostoldpeopleknowallthenamesofthecorrectorderofthe24solarterms.B.ItreallysurprisedShiChanghongtoseesomanypeoplelikehislatestwork.C.Thebackgroundsoundsoftheworkmakethevideomoreattractive.D.The24solaritemsworkdesignedbyShiChanghongwasaddedtoUNESCO’sheritagelist.27.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroduceacreativedesigner. B.Tointroducethe24solaritemswork.C.Tointroducetheoriginofthe24solarterms. D.Tointroduceadesignprogram“CharmChina”.CChinaisremovingoneoftheworld’smosttrafficked（非法买卖）animals,thepangolin,fromitslistofanimalsusedfortraditionalmedicine.Pangolins,despitebeingcoveredinscales（鳞片）,growtoaroundthesizeofahousecat.Theirscalesaremadeofkeratin——thesamematerialfoundinfingernails.Theyusethosescalestoprotectthemselvesfromenemiesinthewild,butinAsia,thesesamescalesaretradedformedicine.Tensofthousandsarekilledeveryyear,andonemillionpangolinsarebelievedtohavebeentraffickedbetween2000and2013.Lastyear,authoritiesseizedmorethan130tonsofpangolin-relatedproducts,afigurebelievedtorepresentasmanyas400,000oftheanimals,accordingtoWildAidconservationgroup.ThereareeightspeciesofpangolinfoundacrossAsiaandAfrica.ThreeofthosearelistedasseriouslyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature（IUCN）:theChinesepangolin,thePhilippinepangolinandtheSundapangolin.Theremainingfivearelistedaseithervulnerableorendangered.Now,threespecies——theChinese,SundaandIndianpangolin——havebeenaffordedthesameprotectioninChinaastheGiantPandaandhavebeenupgradedfromClassIItothehighestClassIprotection.There’sapunishmentof10yearsofimprisonmentforanyonecaughthunting,killingortradingthem.TheannouncementwasmadeinJune.TheChinesegovernmenthasalsoannouncedplanstorecoverthediminishingpopulationsbyimprovingfieldpatrols（巡逻）andpushinghabitatrecoveryefforts.“ItisgreatnewsthatChinahasmovedveryquicklytocloselivewildlifemarkets,”saidWildAidCEOPeterKnights.A“Wehopethisbringsanendtolegalsalesofpangolinscalesassoonaspossible.”28.Whyarepangolinsseriouslytrafficked?A.Forpets. B.Forfood. C.Forclothes. D.Formedicine.29.WhatcanweknowabouttheIndianpangolin?A.Theyarelikeanadultdoginsize. B.TheyhavegotClassIprotectioninChina.C.400,000ofthemwerekilledlastyear. D.TheyarelistedasseriouslyendangeredbyIUCN.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminishing”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Frightening. B.Encouraging. C.Rising. D.Falling.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SeriousPangolinTradeintheWorld B.ChinaHasClosedLiveWildlifeMarketsC.Pangolins——theMostEndangeredAnimals D.ChinaHasStartedProtectingPangolinsDMarkTwainwasagreatwriter.HewasfromtheUSA.Hewasbornin1835.Hewasalsoafamousspeaker.Hewasfamousforhissenseofhumor.Manypeoplelikedtolistentohimtalkbecausehelikedtotellsomeinterestingstoriestomakepeoplelaughallthetime.OnedayMarkTwainwasgoingtoasmalltownbecauseofhiswriting.Beforehewasgoingtoleave,oneofhisfriendssaidtohimthattherewerealwaysalotofmosquitoesinthetownandtoldhimthathe’dbetternotgothere.MarkTwainwaved（摇动）hishandandsaid，“Itdoesn’tmatter.Themosquitoesarenotrelativesofmine.Idon’tthinktheywillcometovisitme.”Afterhearrivedatthetown,MarkTwainstayedinasmallhotelnearthestation.Hewentintohisroom,butwhenhewasjustabouttohavearest,quiteafewmosquitoesflewabouthim.Thewaitersfeltverysorryaboutthat.“I’mverysorry,Mr.MarkTwain.Therearetoomanymosquitoesinourtown.”Oneofthemsaidtohim.MarkTwain,however,madeajoke,sayingtothewaiter,“Themosquitoesareveryclever.Theyknowmyroomnumber.Theydidn’tcomeintothewrongroom.”Whathesaidmadeallthepeoplepresentlaughheartily.ButthatnightMarkTwainsleptwell.Doyouknowwhy?Thatwasbecauseallthewaitersinthehotelweredrivingthemosquitoesawayforhimduringthewholenight.32.ThatdayMarkTwainwenttothetown___________________.A.toseeoneofhisfriendsB.toseeoneofhisrelativesC.becausehewastoldtherewerealotofmosquitoesthereD.becausehewantedtodosomethingthereforhiswriting33.Thewaitersfeltsorrybecause___________________.A.theydidsomethingwrongtoMarkTwain B.therewerequiteafewmosquitoesinMarkTwain’sroomC.theroomwasnotveryclean D.theirhotelwastoosmall34.Allthepeoplepresentlaughedheartilybecause___________________.A.MarkTwainmadeajokeB.themosquitoesknewMarkTwain’sroomnumberC.MarkTwaingavethewaiterssomenicepresentsD.themosquitoeswereverycleverandtheydidn’tcomeintothewrongroom35.Fromthestory,weknowthat___________________.A.MarkTwaindidn’thaveagoodrestthatnightB.theownertoldthewaiterstolookafterMarkTwainwellatnightC.nomosquitoestroubledMarkTwainduringthenightD.therewerenotmosquitoesinthehotelanylonger第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AccordingtotheCDC,insufficientsleepisapublichealthproblem,withoverathirdofadultsintheU.S.gettinglessthantherecommendedseventoeighthourspernight.36Yourbraindoesn’tworkaswell.Whenyoudon’tgetadequatesleep,ittakesatollonyourbraintofunction.“MRIimagingshowslackofsleepreducesbloodflowtoareasofthebrainthatcontrolhigherlevelthoughtprocesses.”saysRichardShane,abehavioralsleepspecialist.“Itimpairsyourproblem-solvingabilities,anddecreasesconstructivethinkingskillsandlogicalreasoning.”37You’veprobablynoticedthatyouwakeup“onthewrongsideofthebed”ifyouhaven’tgotenoughshut-eye.“Sleepdeprivationaffectsmood”Breussays.“Itmakesyouseeeverythinginamorenegativelightbecauseyouremotionsaremorevolatilewhensleepdeprived.Yourheartcouldsuffer.38Butwhathappensisthateverysysteminyourbodyisaffected,causinglong-termeffectsonyourcardiovascularhealth,includingyourriskforhighbloodpressure,heartattack,andstroke.Yourskinlookshaggard.Turnsout,“beautysleep”isarealthing,studiesshow.39Researchhasshownthatpeoplewholacksleepareconsideredlessattractive.Yougainweight.Dr.Shahsaystwospecifichormonesthatregulateeatingbehaviorareaffected.Ghrelin,whichincreasesappetite,ishighinpeoplewithsleepdeprivation.40Inordertogetbettersleep,expertsrecommendgoingtobedandwakingupatthesametimeeverydayexercisingearlierintheday,getting15minutesofsunlighttosetyourbodyclock,avoidingscreentimebeforebed,andkeepingyourbedroomdark.A.Youbecomeforgetful.B.Youfeelannoyedorburstintoangereasily.C.Yourheartmaysufferifyouoftensleeplittleinthelongterm.D.Thefollowingaretheharmsoflackofsleepthatyoushouldknow.E.Youmaythinktheonlyeffectofsleepdeprivationisthatyou’rereallytired.F.Ontheotherhand,levelsofleptin,whichlowersappetite,islowinsleep-deprivedpeople.G.Sleepplaysanimportantroleinthegenerationofcells,whichisimportantforhealingandinskinproblems.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Lastweekend,Ihadanopportunitytoserveasavolunteeratanursinghomeinanothercity.Idon’thaveacarandeventhe（41）trainstationisfarawayfrommyhouse.（42）,Iwasn’tsurehowtogetthere.Iposteda（n）（43）forarideontherideshareboard.SoonanindividualI’dnevermet（44）thathe’dbeabletopickmeupanddropmeoffatthestation.Hesaidhe’dwaituntilmytrainarrived（45）hedroveaway.Myheart（46）andthestressI’dbeenfeelingdisappeared（47）andthusourfriendshipbegan.Iendeduparrivingatthenursinghomein（48）.Thetinyteamofserverstherewere（49）fortheadditionalhelp.Weallworkedtogetherasateam.Iwasgladtobeapartofthisandbeof（50）totheelderly.Thateveningwhenmynew（51）droppedmeoffatthestation,he（52）thatitwasinadesertedarea.Soheparkedhiscarandsaid，“Wewillwaitforthe（53）tocometogether.”Icouldn’tbelievehis（54）.Withfiveminutesleftbeforethetrainarrived,he（55）withmestoriesofhischildhood.Asayoungboy,he（56）tositneartheedgeofthetraintracks,waiting（57）forthetrainstorushbywithalltheirforce.Thatnighthewaitedwithmeasmytrain（58）.Itdidn’trushbywithfullforcebutIleftthatstation（59）thefullforceofhiskindnessandgenerosity.Peoplelikehimwouldalways（60）mehowtoloveandhowtogive.（41）A.best B.largest C.latest D.closest（42）A.Therefore B.However C.Instead D.Otherwise（43）A.excuse B.charge C.preference D.request（44）A.replied B.joked C.remembered D.pretended（45）A.when B.since C.after D.before（46）A.broke B.warmed C.sank D.changed（47）A.gradually B.immediately C.recently D.slowly（48）A.order B.return C.time D.turn（49）A.grateful B.regretful C.responsible D.sorry（50）A.interest B.service C.hope D.curiosity（51）A.clerk B.customer C.neighbor D.friend（52）A.admitted B.noticed C.heard D.intended（53）A.train B.bus C.taxi D.car（54）A.bravery B.confidence C.courage D.kindness（55）A.argued B.shared C.discussed D.compared（56）A.had B.used C.wished D.decided（57）A.unwillingly B.proudly C.embarrassedly D.excitedly（58）A.started B.passed C.stopped D.approached（59）A.doubting B.ignoring C.feeling D.wondering（60）A.warn B.remind C.expect D.promise第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Nobodywantstobeaged,but61.____________________itcomestovisitingcities,mostofuswanttovisittheworld’soldestcities.Luoyangisoneoftheoldestandmost62.____________________（attract）citiesintheworldthatI’dliketorecommendtoyou.Luoyangstandsout63.____________________theoldestcontinuallyinhabited（有人居住的）cityinAsia.Thecityisconsideredtobe64.____________________birthplaceofChinesecultureandhistoryaswellasbeingoneoftheSevenAncientCapitalsofChina.There65.____________________（be）noothercityinChinathathasseensomany66.____________________（dynasty）likeLuoyang.Withsuchalongand67.____________________（excite）history,Luoyanghasreallyalottooffer.TheLongmenGrottoes,which68.____________________（include）ontheWorldHeritageListin2000andmanyhistoricBuddhisttemplesconstantattracttouristsfromallovertheworld.LuoyangisalsofamousfortheWhiteHorseTemple,the69.____________________（early）Buddhisttemple70.____________________（build）inChina.Areyouanxioustovisitthecity?第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有1处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（/\），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。DearMandy,I’mnotdoingwellinmylessonsatschool,especialinmaths.MydadsaysImusttryhardbecausehewantsmegotouniversity.HethinksI’mlazy,butit’snottrue.Iworkreallyhard,oftenstudylateintothenight!I’vetriedtotalktomymother,butshealwayssaidIhavetoworkashardlikemybrotherdoes.Mybrotherdoesn’tstudyveryhard,andhealwaysgetsexcellentgrades.It’snotfair!TheonlythingIlikeitisart.MyteachersaysI’mthebeststudentshe’shadforyear.WhenItoldmydad,allhesaidwas,“Youmustn’twasteyourtimeinart.Youmustfocusyourmindonyourles