2025版高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第四册Unit1ScienceFiction提能训练

Unit1ScienceFictionⅠ.阅读理解A(2024·深圳市二调)Fromcottagessurroundedbyimpressivegardenstodaysspentexploringsandybeachesanddeepwoodsfilledwithwildlife,inMyFamilyandOtherAnimals,EnglishwriterGeraldDurrellprovidedavividaccountofhisfamily'stimeontheGreekislandofCorfuinthe1930s.ComeforthearrestingdescriptionsofCorfulandscapesandstayforDurrell'slaugh-out-loudtalesofhisunusualfamily.Thisbook,Durrellwrotehumorouslyintheintroduction,“wasintendedtobeanostalgic(怀旧的)accountofnaturalhistory,butinthefirstfewpages,Imadethemistakeofintroducingmyfamily.”Durrell,laterknownforhiszookeepingandthepreservationofwildlife,wasjustachildduringhisfamily'sfive-yearstayinCorfu.Heis10-year-oldGerryinthebook—curious,passionateaboutanimalsandadetailedstorytellerofhisstrangefamily:hisimaginativeelderbrotherLarrywithhisliteraryambitions,lovestrucksisterMargo,sportybrotherLeslieandhisever-calm,lovingmother.Durrell'sattentiontodetailiswhatmakesthebooksowinning,witheverysight,soundandsmelloftheislandbroughttolife.Oneminuteyou'llbelaughingasLarry'scleverliteraryfriendswalkdowntothedaffodil-yellowcottage,thenextyou'llbecatchingyourbreathasDurrelldescribesswimmingatnightintheIonianSea：“Lyingonmybackinthesilkywater,staringatthesky,onlymovingmyhandsandfeetslightly,IwaslookingattheMilkyWaystretchinglikeasilkscarfacrosstheskyandwonderinghowmanystarsitcontained.”MyFamilyandOtherAnimalsisquitedifficulttoclassify,beingoneparttravel,onepartautobiography,onepartnaturalhistory,andonepartcomedy,withathreadofdescriptivelanguagerunningthroughoutthatsometimesraisesitnearlytopoetry.Asarealdelighttoread,it'stheperfectliteraryescapismforanyadultorolderteenagerwhoiscurrentlywalkingdownatoughroadinlife.语篇导读：本文是一篇书评。主要介绍了英国作家杰拉尔德·达雷尔的《我的家人和其他动物》这本书的内容、特点以及对这本书的评价等。1．WhichwordbestdescribesDurrell'slifeinCorfu？DA．Risky. B．Busy.C．Tough. D．Diverse.解析：微小环节理解题。依据第一段第一句“Fromcottagessurroundedbyimpressivegardenstodaysspentexploringsandybeachesanddeepwoodsfilledwithwildlife...”可知，达雷尔在科孚岛上的生活丰富多彩。故选D。2．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph2？CA．Iintroducedmyfamilybymistake.B．Ishouldn'thaveintroducedmyfamily.C．Icouldn'thelpintroducingmyfamily.D．Igavewronginformationaboutmyfamily.解析：词义揣测题。依据其次段画线部分所在句“Thisbook,Durrellwrotehumorouslyintheintroduction,‘wasintendedtobeanostalgicaccountofnaturalhistory,butinthefirstfewpages,Imadethemistakeofintroducingmyfamily.’”可知，这本书原本是一本关于自然历史的怀旧书，但在开头几页，达雷尔却介绍了自己的家人，再依据本段首句的hisunusualfamily可知，达雷尔不由自主地介绍了家人。故选C。3．WhatareParagraphs4and5mainlyabout？AA．Thebook'swritingfeature.B．Durrell'srichimagination.C．Someinterestingplotsofthebook.D．Somevividdescriptionsoftheisland.解析：主旨大意题。依据第四段第一句“Durrell'sattentiontodetailiswhatmakesthebooksowinning,witheverysight,soundandsmelloftheislandbroughttolife.”和第五段的内容可知，这两段主要介绍了本书的写作特点。故选A。4．Whatisthepurposeofthistext？BA．Toshareanexperience.B．Torecommendabook.C．Tointroduceawritingstyle.D．Todescribeanunusualplace.解析：推理推断题。依据全文内容，尤其是最终一段“Asarealdelighttoread,it'stheperfectliteraryescapismforanyadultorolderteenagerwhoiscurrentlywalkingdownatoughroadinlife.”可知，本文的目的就是举荐这本书。故选B。B(2024·苏锡常镇调研)Nopoverty,zerohunger,qualityeducation,thesearesomeofthe17SustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)theUnitedNations(U.N.)establishedin2015.InApril2024,theU．N.launchedtheSDGBookClub;eachmonth,itpostsontheclubwebsiteaselectionofbooksthatillustrateaparticularSDGtohelpyoungpeopleinteractwiththesegoals.BatesvilleIntermediateSchoollaunchedtheJuniorAmbassadors(大使)programinAugust2024,usingtheSDGBookClubasaspringboardtointroducestudentstoamoreglobalviewonworldissues.Twenty-four4thand5thgradersmetfor30minutesfourdaysaweektoread,discuss,research,andconductthesharingofknowledgeandsolutionstotheseissues.Researchactivities,specialprojects,andguestspeakersareadditionalopportunitiesforjuniorambassadorstobuildknowledge.Whatbeganasadesiretohelpsmall-townchildrenexpandtheirviewsgrewintoabroaderprogramthataffectedtheschool,community,andbeyond.TheU．N.'srecommendationofSerafina'sPromisebyAnnE．BurgwasperfectforthejuniorambassadorstobegintheirstudyofthefirstSDG:nopoverty.ThebookissetinHaiti,somembersoflocalHaitiangroupswereinvitedtospeaktotheprogramparticipants.Then,thejuniorambassadorsusedtheirnew-foundknowledgetocreatemultimedialessons,sharingthemwiththeother480students.ThestudyofthesecondSDG—zerohunger—gavejuniorambassadorsanopportunitytoorganizeandcarryoutaread-a-thon(areadingmarathon)toraisefundsfortheGrainofRiceProject'sschoolinitiativeinKenya.Thenon-profit'sco-founder,AmyAhigaspoketoandinspiredthestudentswithherpassionforhelpingothers.Juniorambassadorsusewhattheylearntoengagewiththeircommunityandtheworld,earningtheschooltheAmericanLibraryAssociation's2024SaraJaffarianSchoolLibraryProgramAwardforExcellenceinHumanitiesProgramming.Theycanlookbackwithpride,knowingtheymadeadifference.Withincreasedconfidenceandskills,thesechildrenwillknowthattheycanandwillcontinuetosavetheworld—onegoalatatime.语篇导读：本文主要介绍的是美国一所小学推出的“青少年大使者”项目。该项目通过联合国可持续发展目标读书会的举荐书籍，引导孩子们了解和关注世界问题，以此来推动可持续发展目标的实现。5．WhatdoestheSDGBookClubdo？DA．Teachreadingtechniques.B．Providequalityeducation.C．Addressglobalconflicts.D．Recommendselectedbooks.解析：微小环节理解题。依据第一段的“eachmonth,itpostsontheclubwebsiteaselectionofbooksthatillustrateaparticularSDGtohelpyoungpeopleinteractwiththesegoals”可知，这个图书俱乐部每月会在其网站上发布一些书目，以帮助年轻人和联合国的17个可持续发展目标(SDGs)互动，所以其活动是举荐选定的书目。故选D。6．WhatwastheinitialaimoflaunchingtheJuniorAmbassadorsprogram？AA．Tobroadenchildren'shorizons.B．Tomotivatechildrentosetgoals.C．Tostresstheimportanceofreading.D．Tomakeanimpactonthecommunity.解析：微小环节理解题。依据其次段的“tointroducestudentstoamoreglobalviewonworldissues”以及“helpsmall-townchildrenexpandtheirviews”可知，“青少年大使者”项目让学生对世界问题有全球性视野，让小城镇的孩子们也能扩展他们的视野。由此可知，该项目最初的目的是拓宽孩子们的视野。故选A。7．WhatisthesimilarityinthestudyofthefirstandsecondSDG？BA．Multimedialessonswerecreated.B．Guestspeakersconcernedwereinvited.C．Studentswereinspiredtoraisefunds.D．Juniorambassadorsorganizedread-a-thons.解析：微小环节理解题。依据第三、四段内容可知，第一个可持续发展目标邀请了海地当地团体的成员和项目参加者交谈，青少年大使们用学到的学问创建多媒体课程，并和别的学生共享；其次个可持续发展目标给了青少年大使们组织和开展阅读马拉松的机会，为肯尼亚的米粒项目筹集资金，该地区非营利组织的联合创始人和学生们沟通并激励他们。由此可知，两个目标的共同点是邀请了相关的特邀发言人。故选B。8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethemostsuitabletitleofthepassage？BA．EarninganAwardfromReadingB．WorkingTowardaSustainableWorldC．EstablishingaPlatformtoShareViewpointsD．ProvidingaSpringboardforFutureLife解析：标题归纳题。整篇文章探讨了如何通过可持续发展目标读书会和“青少年大使者”项目来推动可持续发展目标的实现。文章提到了三个目标：无贫困、零饥饿和优质教化。文中描述了这些目标是如何通过阅读和社区参加来实现的。故选B。Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·南通市一调)At20,Iwasscaredandlonely.Mylaptopwasfilledwiththebeginningofnovels,half-finishedsonglyrics(歌词)—thingsI'dstartedwithteenage1.Conlytobedisappointedbymylackofcreativity.Iwas2.Bintryingtofindanewwaytoapproachlife,withnooneto3.Cmeintherightdirection.OneSaturday,Iwenttoatrainingdayformyschool'snewjournalismteam.TheteachersuggestedIstartablogasagoodwaytogetinto4.D.Boredandinneedofa5.A,IimmediatelysetupaBloggeraccount.AsItypedpostafterpostinthemonthsthatfollowed,IassumedIwouldrunoutof6.A.Butsomehowwritingaboutthenewsandlaterabout7.B,cameeasily.Herewassomethinginterestingthatrequiredonlyalaptopandan8.A.Ilovedtheresearchthatwentintoeachpost,lovedbeingableto9.DwhatinterestedmeandlovedfindingjusttherightphrasetodescribehowI10.B.IfoundsomethingIwasgoodatandmoreimportantly,somethingI11.D.IkeptpostingandslowlyIgotbetter.I12.A,editedandevenlearnedhowtoemployametaphor.Itwasn'tlonguntilmymindwasmadeup:Iwasgoingtobea(n)13.C.Sevenyearslater,Iam.Havingjustcompletedafantasticplacement(实习工作)inalocalnewspaper,Ihaveneverbeenso14.Dtomyyoungerselfforactuallylisteningtotheonepieceofadvicethatturnedoutto15.Amost.语篇导读：文章讲解并描述了作者20岁时想尝试一种新的生活方式，但是无人指引，后来作者听从了老师让自己写博客的建议，从而发觉了自己擅长和宠爱的事，从今作者不再孤寂和害怕 ，找到了人生目标。1．A.confusion B．maturityC．enthusiasm D．innocence解析：句意：我的笔记本电脑里装满了小说的开头，还有写了一半的歌词——这些都是我带着青春期的热忱起先做的事情，结果却因为缺乏创建力而悲观。依据句意并结合常识可知，小说和歌词等都是作者带着青春期的热忱做的事。enthusiasm意为“热忱”，符合语境。confusion混乱；maturity成熟；innocence清白。故选C。2．A.praised B．stuckC．tricked D．punished解析：依据后文“withnooneto3meintherightdirection”可知，作者尝试找寻一种新的生活方式，但是无人指引，所以是被困住了。stick意为“卡住”，bestuck意为“困(于)”，符合语境。praise表扬；trick欺瞒；punish惩处。故选B。3．A.defend B．forceC．point D．join解析：依据前文“Iwas2intryingtofindanewwaytoapproachlife”可知，作者在尝试找寻一种新的生活方式时，结合空后的intherightdirection可知，此处是指没有人给作者指引正确的方向。point意为“指引”，符合语境。defend疼惜；force强迫；join参加。故选C。4．A.socializing B．advertisingC．debating D．writing解析：依据第三段中的“Butsomehowwritingaboutthenewsand...”可知，此处是指写博客是起先写作的好方法。writing意为“写作”，符合语境。socialize交际；advertise做广告；debate探讨。故选D。5．A.project B．courseC．tour D．budget解析：句意：由于感到无聊和须要一个项目，我马上开通了一个博客账户。依据第一段第三句中的“Iwas2intryingtofindanewwaytoapproachlife”和其次段第一句可知，作者在尝试找寻一种新的生活方式，于是参加了新闻团队，所以此处指须要一个项目。project意为“项目”，符合语境。course课程；tour旅行；budget预算。故选A。6．A.steam B．timeC．money D．luck解析：句意：在接下来的几个月里，当我一篇又一篇地发帖时，我以为自己会精疲力竭。依据后文“Butsomehowwritingaboutthenewsandlaterabout7,cameeasily.”可知，作者后来写新闻变得很简洁。由But可知，设空处所在句与后文构成转折关系，因此此处指作者以为自己会精疲力竭。runoutofsteam为固定搭配，意为“力倦神疲；丢失热忱”，符合语境。故选A。7．A.events B．myselfC．celebrities D．itself解析：依据本段倒数其次句中的“lovedfindingjusttherightphrasetodescribehowI10”可知，后来作者起先写自己的感受，所以此处指写他自己。myself意为“我自己”，符合语境。event大事；celebrity名人；itself它自己。故选B。8．A.idea B．optionC．excuse D．answer解析：依据前文“Butsomehowwritingaboutthenewsandlaterabout7,cameeasily.”并结合常识可知，作者觉得写博客简洁，因为只要一台电脑和一个想法就行。idea意为“想法”，符合语境。option选项；excuse借口；answer回答。故选A。9．A.transform B．rejectC．predict D．explore解析：句意：我宠爱每篇帖子中的探讨，宠爱能够探究令我感爱好的东西，宠爱找到恰好合适的短语来描述我的感受。依据前文“Ilovedtheresearchthatwentintoeachpost”和后文“lovedfindingjusttherightphrase”以及本句结构可知，本句是排比句，设空处应和research和finding相呼应。explore意为“探究”，符合语境。transform使变形；reject拒绝；predict预言。故选D。10．A.acted B．feltC．developed D．succeeded解析：依据语境可知，此处指作者宠爱找到恰好合适的短语来描述自己的感受。feel意为“感觉”，符合语境。act行动；develop发展；succeed成功。故选B。11．A.resisted B．rememberedC．explained D．enjoyed解析：依据第一段其次句中的“Mylaptopwasfilledwiththebeginningofnovels,half-finishedsonglyrics(歌词)”可知，作者是宠爱写作的；结合空前的“IfoundsomethingIwasgoodatandmoreimportantly”可知，此处指作者找到了擅长的东西，更重要的是，找到了自己宠爱的东西。enjoy意为“宠爱”，符合语境。resist抵制；remember记得；explain说明。故选D。12．A.redrafted B．copiedC．deleted D．published解析：依据前文“IkeptpostingandslowlyIgotbetter.”可知，作者的写作实力提高了，所以是对自己写的文章进行改写和编辑。redraft意为“改写”，符合语境。copy复制；delete删去；publish出版。故选A。13．Aposer B．instructorC．journalist D．adventurer解析：依据后文“Sevenyearslater,Iam.”和“Havingjustcompletedafantasticplacement(实习工作)inalocalnewspaper”可知，作者是在当地的报社实习，因此作者是想成为一名记者。journalist意为“新闻记者”，符合语境。composer作曲家；instructor导师；adventurer冒险家。故选C。14．A.friendly B．helpfulC．mean D．grateful解析：依据上文可知，作者听从了老师的建议，做了自己擅长且宠爱的事情，所以此处指作者感谢年少时的自己。grateful意为“感谢的”，符合语境。friendly友好的；helpful有用的；mean苛刻的。故选D。15．A.matter B．differC．increase D．happen解析：通读全文可知，20岁时，作者想尝试一种新的生活方式，但是无人指引，后来作者听从了老师让自己写博客的建议，从而发觉了自己擅长和宠爱的事，所以这是最重要的建议。matter意为“事关紧要；要紧；有重大影响”，符合语境。differ有区分；increase增加；happen发生。故选A。Ⅲ.七选五(2024·重庆市一诊)HowtoWorkOutYourWorriesbyWritingSomethingistroublingyou?Youshouldwriteaboutit.Researchshowsthatpeoplewhowriteaboutadifficultsituationoftenshowimprovedmentalandphysicalhealth.1.GItisaspecifictechnique,andit'sdifferentfromwritinginajournal.Theideaistoreflecthonestlyandthoughtfullyonaparticularchallenge.Hundredsofstudiesoverseveraldecadeshavelookedatthepotentialbenefitsofexpressivewriting.Itcanstrengthentheimmunesystem,includingforpeoplewithillnessessuchasflu,canceranddepression.2.EExpressivewritingworksbecauseitallowsyoutomakemeaningoutofapainfulexperience,expertssay.3.FThentranslatingthatexperienceintolanguageforcesyoutoorganizeyourthoughts.Andcreatinganarrativegivesyouasenseofcontrol.Butexpressivewritingisn'tamagicalcure-allsolution.4.DAndpeoplecopingwithasevereinjuryordepressionmaynotfinditusefultodoontheirownwithouttherapy(治疗)．Yetitcanbeapowerfultoolformany,inlargepartbecauseithelpspreventthesecrecypeopleoftenfeelaboutaninjury,aswellastheirreluctancetofaceemotions.5.AThinkingortalkingaboutaneventcanleadtoreflecting,whereyoubecomelostinyouremotions.Writingforcesyoutoslowdown.Themereactoflabelingafeeling—ofputtingwordstoanemotion—canlessenthenervousactivityinthethreatareaofthebrain.Writingcanincreasesomeone'sacceptanceofhis/herexperience,andacceptanceiscalming.A．Whywrite?B．Whatifyoudon'twrite?C．Expressivewritinggavepeoplethecouragetofacefears.D．Itshouldn'tbeusedasareplacementforothertreatments.E．Itcanalsohelpreducepainandimprovemood,sleepandmemory.F．Thefirstimportantstepistorecognizewhatitisthatisbotheringyou.G．Psychologistsrefertowritingaboutanunpleasantexperienceas“expressivewriting”．语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“表达性写作”，即花时间写下你不快乐的阅历，这种写作方式可以改善你的身心健康。解析：1．依据空后的“Itisaspecifictechnique,andit'sdifferentfromwritinginajournal.”可知，代词it应当是指代写作方式。由此可知，设空处应当提到要介绍的写作方式。G项(心理学家将关于不快乐阅历的写作称为“表达性写作”。)符合语境。G项中的“expressivewriting”和空后的it及下一段出现的“expressivewriting”相呼应。故选G。2．依据本段首句中的“thepotentialbenefitsofexpressivewriting”及空前的“Itcanstrengthentheimmunesystem”可知，本段在介绍表达性写作的好处，E项(它还可以帮助减轻难过，改善心情、睡眠和记忆力。)符合语境。E项中的“Itcanalso”与空前的“Itcan”句式结构相呼应，also表示递进。故选E。3．依据空前的“Expressivewritingworksbecauseitallowsyoutomakemeaningoutofapainfulexperience”和空后的“Thentranslatingthatexperienceintolanguageforcesyoutoorganizeyourthoughts.”可知，此处在介绍表达性写作每一步骤的好处，F项(相识到有什么事情困扰着你是重要的第一步。)符合语境。F项中的“Thefirst”与空后的“Then,And”相呼应。故选F。4．依据空前的“expressivewritingisn'tamagicalcure-allsolution”和空后的“peoplecopingwithasevereinjuryordepressionmaynotfinditusefultodoontheirownwithouttherapy(治疗)”可知，设空处应是在表示表达性写作不能治疗全部疾病以及其不能替代医学治疗，D项(它不应当被用作其他治疗的替代品。)符合语境。故选D。5．依据设空处所处的位置可知，设空处是本段的主题句。依据空后的“Thinkingortalkingaboutaneventcanleadtoreflecting”；“Writingforcesyoutoslowdown.Themereactoflabelingafeeling...canlessenthenervousactivity”以及“Writingcanincreasesomeone'sacceptanceofhis/herexperience...”可知，本段在告知读者写下不快乐的阅历的过程可以慢慢地平复心情，即为写作的缘由，与A项(为什么要写下来？)是因果关系，符合语境。故选A。Ⅳ.语法填空(2024·重庆市其次次抽测)Astheworldseesmoreandmoreextremeweatherpatterns,itisbecomingincreasinglydifficulttoignoretheeffectsofclimatechange.Itisnow1.acommontopicofdiscussionandhasevenfounditswayintothebooksweread.Becauseofthis，a