2024年高考英语一轮复习第12讲谓语动词的被动语态（核心考点）（原卷版）

第12讲谓语动词的被动语态（核心考点精讲精练）1.三年真题谓语动词的被动语态考点细目表时间卷次语法填空/短文改错/单项选择2023年新高考I卷语法填空:/新高考=2\*ROMANII卷语法填空:/全国甲卷语法填空:beemployed短文改错：/全国乙卷语法填空:/短文改错：/北京卷语法填空:/浙江卷语法填空:werepermitted天津卷单项选择:2022年新高考I卷语法填空:isdesigned新高考=2\*ROMANII卷语法填空:/全国甲卷语法填空:/短文改错：/全国乙卷语法填空:/短文改错：去掉have后的been。北京卷语法填空:/浙江卷语法填空:isviewed或hasbeenviewed天津卷单项选择:weredistributed2021年新高考I卷语法填空:/新高考=2\*ROMANII卷语法填空:/全国甲卷语法填空:wasbuilt短文改错：/全国乙卷语法填空:/短文改错：/北京卷语法填空:/浙江卷语法填空:waspainted；isconsidered天津卷单项选择:arebeingdisplayed；hadbeenoffered2.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年对于谓语动词被动语态的考查点：1. 一般现在时的被动语态；2. 一般过去时的被动语态；3. 现在进行时的被动语态；4. 现在完成时的被动语态。【备考策略】1.掌握被动语态的基本时态变化；2.掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式；3.掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；4.掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。【命题预测】预计2024年高考谓语动词语态仍将是考查的重点和难点，考查形式仍以语法填空和短文改错题型为主，很可能会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结合起来进行考查。考点一被动语态的基本时态变化一、被动语态基本形式和意义被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式为（以do为例）：时时体时现在过去将来过去将来一般is/am/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone进行is/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone完成have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone被动语态的特殊结构形式(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词Somethingmustbedonetostopthewaterfrombeingpolluted.必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。(2)“get＋过去分词”式被动语态在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词，起助动词的作用。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事，通常只表示动作，不表示状态。Someglassesgotbrokenwhenweweremoving.我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。几种主动变被动的规则（1）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.（间接宾语为主语）Apresentwasgiventohimbyhismotherforhisbirthday.（直接宾语为主语，需加介词to）（2）当＂动词+宾语+宾语补足语＂结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.（3）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.（4）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如＂动词＋介词＂，＂动词＋副词＂等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.(介词off不能遗漏)5.当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时,被动语态有两种形式:(1)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语。Peoplesaidhewasasmartboy.可变为：eq\o\ac(○,1)Itwassaidthathewasasmartboy.eq\o\ac(○,2)Hewassaidtobeasmartboy(2)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如:类似句型有:Itissaid/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat...二、不能用被动语态的几种情况：1.（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belongto等。（4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。（2023·1月新高考浙江卷语法填空）Citizensofhighersocialclasses____59____(permit)toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.1.（2023·山西省高三1月适应性调研考试（一模））Thenewrocketwillbe90meterstall,andabletolift27tonnesofpayload(有效载荷)tothelunarorbit,CGTNlearnedfromtheAirshowChinaheldinsouthChina’sZhuhaiCityearlierthismonth,duringwhichamodeloftherocket______（display）.2.（2023·河北省五个一名校联盟摸底）Actually,BingDwenDwen________(select)tobethemascotoftheBeijing2022WinterOlympicsin2019frommorethan5,800entriessubmittedfrom35countries.3.．(2023·江苏省海安市高三学业质量监测)“Wecanallbreathemorefreelynowthatthenaturalbeautyofourvillage________(restore)，”saidQi.考点二主动形式表被动意义（1）系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel，sound，taste，book，feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。（2）当cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等词带状语修饰语时；（3）当breakout、takeplace、shutoff、turnoff、workout等动词词组表示＂发生、关闭、制定＂等意思时；（4）want，require，need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。（5）beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动含义。（6）在＂be+形容词+todo＂中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。另外：betoblame(受谴责)，betorent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀一般现、过用bedone，be有人称、时、数变。完成时态havedone，被动将been加中间。一般将来shall(will)do，被动变do为bedone。将来进行无被动，shall(will)bedoing。现在完成进行同，have(has)beendoing。现、过进行bedoing，被动be加beingdone。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。一般情助加bedone，双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。注释：=1\*GB3①＂be有人称、时、数变＂即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。=2\*GB3②＂情助＂是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。=3\*GB3③＂疑问一助置主前＂是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。1．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）Hisnewnovel_________;veryfewpeoplewouldliketoreadit.A．sellswell B．iswellsold C．sellsbadly D．isbadlysold2．（2020·内蒙古·赤峰二中高三阶段练习）Myparentslikeclimbingthemountainbehindmyhomeinthemorning,becausethemountainousairissogood________.A．breathing B．breathed C．tobreathe D．tobebreathed1.（2019·宁夏·石嘴山市第三中学高三阶段练习）TheyrealizedthattheproblemTedputforwardwasdifficult_______.A．tosolve B．solved C．tobesolved D．solving2．（2019·黑龙江·铁人中学高三期中）IwanttobuythatkindofclothbecauseI_____thecloth_____well.A．havetold;washed B．havebeentold;washesC．havebeentold;washed D．wastold;washes3．（2020·全国·高三专题练习）Thecarelessdriveris____forthetrafficaccidentthat____yesterday.A．toblame;happened B．toblame;washappenedC．tobeblamed;washappened D．tobeblamed;happened过关检测1.（2023·湖北省高三年级5月份联考）Differenttonescanbeproducedwhenthebells_______(ring)withawoodenhammerandalongstick,andbeautifulmusiccanbeperformed.2.（2023·江苏省盐城四校联考）Nowadays,facemasks________(wear)allovertheworld,butChinaisoneoffirstcountriestorealizetheimportanceoffthewearingoffacemasks.Infact,itisalsoaresultoftraditionalculturalfactorsinChina.3.（2023·山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三三模）About385,000peoplefrom192countriestakepartintheyearlyprojecttocountbirds.Theevent________(launch)forthefirsttime25yearsago.4.（2023·广东省揭阳市跨市区校高三5月联考）In2013,she______(cast)astheleaddancerintwodanceperformancesinthegalafeast.5.（2023·重庆市第八中学校月考）OnarrivalinParis,constantlyI______(remind)oftheofficialprocessesIhadtoplete.6.（2023·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学模拟）Concludedbyancestorsfromtheshiftingweathersandagriculturalproduction,Lichun_______(regard)asaguideforsowingandplowinginancientChina.7.（重庆市第八中学校2023学年高三下学期4月试题）OnarrivalinParis,constantlyI______(remind)oftheofficialprocessesIhadtoplete.8.（湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学2023年高三试题）Concludedbyancestorsfromtheshiftingweathersandagriculturalproduction,Lichun_______(regard)asaguideforsowingandplowinginancientChina.9.（江苏省决胜新高考2023年高三4月大联考试题）Xidivillage________(pose)ofmorethan300civilresidences,mostofwhichwerebuiltintheMingandQingdynasties.10.（2023届广东省揭阳市跨市区校高三5月联考试题）In2013,she______(cast)astheleaddancerintwodanceperformancesinthegalafeast.11.（2023届湖北省高三年级5月份联考试题）Differenttonescanbeproducedwhenthebells_______(ring)withawoodenhammerandalongstick,andbeautifulmusiccanbeperformed.12.（2023届山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三三模试题）About385,000peoplefrom192countriestakepartintheyearlyprojecttocountbirds.Theevent________(launch)forthefirsttime25yearsago.真题演练2023年1.【2023年全国乙卷】____46Havingvisited____(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I____47____(amaze)bythecoexistenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.2.【2023年全国甲卷】Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteralformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill____50____(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.3.【2023年浙江卷1月】Citizensofhighersocialclasses____59____(permit)toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.2022年1.【2022新高考I卷】TheGPNP__________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(资产)forfuturegenerations”.2.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane________（view）asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.3.【2022年全国乙卷】Justseehowcarshavebeentakenoverourcities.4.【2022年天津卷第二次】Foodandmedicalsupplies________toalltheresidentsafterthehurricanelastSunday.A.distribute B.distributedC.aredistributed D.weredistributed2021年1.【2021.6全国甲卷】It

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(consider)healthy.4．【2021年天津卷第一次】Currently,about35,000works________inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.A．weredisplaying B．aredisplayingC．werebeingdisplayed D．arebeingdisplayed5.【2021年天津卷第二次】Markisagenius.Bythetimehegraduated,he________jobsbyadozenputerpanies.A.hasoffered B.hasbeenofferedC.hadoffered D.hadbeenoffered2020年1.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】＂Thisreallyexcitesscientists,＂CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,＂becauseit67.(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon68.(construct)＂2.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】Theartistwassurehewould63.(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldnanlaughed.ThewiseoldmantoldhimtotraveltotheLiRiver～perhapshecouldlearnalittlefromthegreatestartistintheworld.3.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷（山东卷）】Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic40.(call)galleriesorrooms.4.【2020年浙江卷1月】Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshould___64___(place)onlongevity(长