人教版中考英语语法专项复习（讲义与练习）形容词

2024中考英语语法专项训练——形容词中考研究(一)命题规律(二)命题趋势分析历年的中考试题可知，形容词是重要考点之一。预计今后的考查重点是：1.形容词近义词辨析；2.形容词比较等级的用法；3.一些常用的句型和固定短语。中考对形容词的考查主要是在具体语境中进行考查，因此在做题时要结合语境，注意习惯用法和固定搭配，认真分析词义和句子结构。主要考查题型是单项选择题，在完形填空、短文填空中也会出现一些。诊断测试1.(2022北京)Peteris15yearsold.Heisthanhisfather.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest2.(2022重庆)—Ithinkit'snecessarytolearnhowtoworkingroups.—Iquiteagree.Sometimesit'seventhangrades.A.lessimportantB.moreimportantC.theleastimportantD.themostimportant3.(2023江西)Hewonthestorypetitionandhisparentswerevery.A.smartB.proudC.sorryD.upset4.(2022宁夏)Hurryup!Thebusising.Wehavetimeleft.A.afewB.littleC.fewD.alittle5.(2023宁夏)Didyoupassthetest?Yes.I'mvery____foryouradvice.A.thankfulB.carefulC.useful D.helpful 6.(2022天津)Meimeithinksmathsis____than_____Chinese.A.easy B.easier C.theeasiestD.veryeasy 7.(2021天津)Let'sopenthewindowstohavesome____airinhere.A.cheap B.nervous C.careful D.fresh 8.(2022上海)ThelittledancerfromAustralialooks___inthelongskirt.A.gently B.happily C.beautifullyD.lovely 9.(2021重庆)Hehas____armsnowandisabletopickthetableupwithonehand.A.weakest B.weaker C.strongest D.stronger考点一形容词的用法1形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可以作状语。如：Annie,I'malittlenervous.安妮，我有一点儿紧张。(人教91)Iwasafraidtoaskquestionsbecauseofmypoorpronunciation.由于我的发音不好，我害怕提问。(人教91)It'saschoolforpoorchildren.它是为贫困的孩子开办的一所学校。(外研8A4)Thenicegirlismysister.那个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。Youmustkeepyoureyesclosed.你必须一直闭着眼睛。ShewasgivenagoldringbytheQueen.王后给了她一枚金戒指。(外研8A6)TheyarefromBeijingInternationalSchool.他们来自北京国际学校。(外研7A2)Shewenthome,coldandtired.她回到家，又冷又累。2少数形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人或物，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，常见的这类形容词有:good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,black/white,living/dead,deaf,blind等。如:Theyoungusuallylearnthingsmorequicklythantheold.年轻人学东西通常比老年人快。Theoldfeelthecoldmorethantheyoung.老年人比年轻人怕冷。(牛津)3多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：限定词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+用途类别+名词。如：afineoldstonebridge一座古老的漂亮的石桥Shehasbeautifullongblackhair.她留有又黑又长的秀发。真题链接1.(2022黑龙江哈尔滨)ThanksgivingDayisonthefourthThursdayofNovember.Onthatday,familiesandfriendsoftengettogethertohaveabigdinner,givingtheirthankstoGodforwhattheyhavegot.Itisatraditionalfestival.A.AmericanB.ChineseC.Japanese答案解析A句意：感恩节在十一月第四个周四。在那天家人、朋友经常聚在一起吃一顿丰盛的晚餐，感谢上帝给了他们现在拥有的一切。它是一个传统的美国节日。本题考查形容词辨析。American美国的;Chinese中国的;Japanese日本的。根据语境中的ThanksgivingDay可知本题选A。2.(2023山东青岛)Ilikehikingintheforestbecausetheairispretty.A.freeB.dirtyC.pollutedD.fresh答案解析D句意：我喜欢在森林里远足，因为空气非常清新。本题考查形容词辨析。free自由的，免费的；dirty脏的;polluted受污染的;fresh清新的。根据句意可知应选D。3.(2021河北)Mom,I'mveryforallyourlove.A.thankfulB.carefulC.usefulD.helpful答案解析A句意：妈妈，我非常感谢你所有的爱。本题考查形容词辨析。thankful感激的;careful小心的,细心的;useful有用的;helpful有帮助的。根据句意可知应选A。4.(2015安徽,32)Wecan'tdoitthatway—butwhetheritwillworkismatter.A.otherB.anotherC.eachD.every答案解析B句意：我们不能那样做，但那样做是否会起作用是另一回事儿。other其他;another另一;each每个；every每一个。根据句意可知应选B。考点二形容词比较等级规则形式一般来说，单音节词及一些双音节词在词尾加er，est来构成比较级和最高级；其他双音节词及多音节词在词前加more,most。如:late—later—latestgreat——greater——greatestbusy——busier——busiesthappy—happier—happiestimportant—moreimportant—(the)mostimportant❷不规则形式good/well—better—bestbad/ill—worse—worstmany/much—more—mostlittle—less—leastfar——farther/further——farthest/furthest❸形容词比较等级的用法(1)表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than。如:Joggingischeaperthanothersports.慢跑比其他运动经济实惠。(外研8A3)Heistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass.他比班里任何一个男生都高。Heistallerthantheotherboysinhisclass.他比班里其他的男生都高。(2)表示三者或三者以上的比较，用“the+形容词最高级(+名词)+of/in……”。如:Theincreasingpopulationisthebiggestproblemintheworld.人口增加是世界上最大的问题。(外研8A9)Heisthetallestofthefourboys.他是四个男孩中最高的。(3)表示两者是同等程度，用“as+形容词原级+as”,否定形式用“notas/so+形容词原级+as”。如:Myfriendisasquietasme.我的朋友和我一样文静。——Thedishisdelicious!——这道菜真好吃！—Well,atleastit'sasgoodastheoneIcookedyesterday.——是的，至少和我昨天做的那道菜一样好吃。IthinkDavidshouldbethenewchairpersonbecausehe'sjustassmartasmyuncle.我认为戴维应该当选新主席，因为他和我叔叔一样聪明。(牛津9A1)(4)表示“越……,就越……”用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。如：Themorelearnedamanis,themoremodestheusuallyis.一个人越有学问,往往就越谦虚。Themoreexcitingitis,thehappiertheyare.越是有趣，他们就越高兴。(5)表示“越来越⋯⋯”时，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”。如:TherearealsomoreandmoreforeignplayersinCBA.在中国篮球职业联赛中也有了越来越多的外国运动员。(人教96)Ourhometownisbeingmoreandmorebeautiful.我们的家乡变得越来越美丽了。It'sgettingwarmerandwarmerinspring.在春天，天气变得越来越暖和。oneofthe+最高级+复数名词,表示“最……之一”。如:HangzhouisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.杭州是中国最美丽的城市之一。真题链接1.(2023河南)Ihavebeentoquiteafewrestaurants,butIcansaythisoneis.A.goodB.betterC.thebetterD.thebest答案解析D句意：我曾经去过很多家餐馆，但是我可以说，这家餐馆是最棒的。本题考查形容词的最高级。由quiteafew“相当多”可知,用最高级,故2.(2021山东青岛)Thetalentshowisthegameshow.Ilikeboth.A.asboringasB.notsoboredasC.asinterestingasD.notsointerestedas答案解析C句意：这个才艺表演和这个游戏表演一样有趣，我都喜欢。本题考查形容词的比较等级。bored和interested通常用来形容人,故排除。Asboringas和……一样令人乏味;asinterestingas和⋯⋯一样有趣。由题干中的Ⅰlikeboth.可知应选C。3.(2023江苏连云港,11)—TheInternetservicefeesaretoohigh,andthespeedistooslow.—That’swhyPremierLiKeqiangasksoperators(运营商)toprovideInternet.A.manycheaperandquickerB.verycheaperandquickerC.morecheaperandquickerD.muchcheaperandquicker答案解析D句意：——网络服务费太高了，而且网速太慢了。——那就是李克强总理让运营商提供更便宜更快速的网络的原因。本题考查形容词的比较级。many,very不能修饰形容词比较级;morecheaperandquicker形式错误;形容词比较级可用much来修饰。故选D。4.(2022浙江杭州)Mytimeinthemiddleschoolwasoneofperiodsofmylife.A.excitingB.moreexcitingC.themoreexcitingD.themostexciting答案解析D句意：我在中学的时光是我人生中最令人激动的时期之一。本题考查形容词的比较等级。根据“oneof+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”句型可知应选D。5.(2022福建龙岩,35)—Howcanweliveagreenerlife?—Weshouldsaveenergyandreducepollution.A.NoB.lessC.more答案解析C句意：——我们怎样才能过一种更环保的生活呢?我们应该节约更多的能源并减少污染。本题考查形容词的比较级。由句意可知，应节约更多能源。no没有;less更少的;more更多的。故选C。6.(2021河北)Wateristhecheapestdrink.Andit'salso.A.healthierB.healthiestC.thehealthierD.thehealthiest答案解析D句意：水是最便宜的饮料。而且它也是最健康的。本题考查形容词最高级。前句用到了形容词的最高级结构，由后句中的also可知，后句也应用形容词的最高级结构。形容词最高级前的冠词the不可省去。故选D。7.(2023江苏苏州)—Thepictureis,Ihavetosay,notabitbeautiful.—Why?It'sthanthepicturesIhaveeverseen.A.farmorebeautifulB.muchlessbeautifulC.nomorebeautifulD.anylessbeautiful答案解析A句意：——我不得不说，这幅画一点也不漂亮。——为什么这么说?这比我所看过的画漂亮多了。本题考查形容词的比较级。根据Why?可知第二个说话者对此画很欣赏；farmorebeautiful表示漂亮得多。故选A。考点三含形容词的常用句型①“It’s+adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。常用于这一句型的形容词有：good(好的)，kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。如:It'skindofyoutohelpme.你帮我的忙，我太感激了。It'sniceofyoutosayso.你这样说太友好了。❷“It's+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。常用于这一句型的形容词有：difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的)等。如:It'shardtobelievethatheusedtohavedifficultiesinschool.很难相信他曾经上学时(学习/经济)有困难。(人教94)“ItisimportantforstudentstouseEnglisheveryday,”saysProfessorWilson.“对学生来说，每天使用英语很重要，”威尔逊教授说。(冀教8A6)Ifwedon'tprotectthewetland,itwillbeimpossibletoseethesebirdsinthefuture.如果我们不保护湿地，将来我们不可能再看到这些鸟。(牛津8A5)“Thatisveryunusual,”saysDanny,“butitisimpossibleformetobreakthatrecord.”丹尼说：“那是很不平常的，但对我来说打破那个纪录是不可能的。”(冀教9A2)考点四一些常见的形容词短语的用法在英语中有很多“连系动词+形容词+介词”构成的短语，使用这些短语时，要注意连系动词的含义和形容词后的介词，这些介词都是固定搭配，应注意掌握。如:beproudof以……自豪befamousfor/as因/作为……而闻名befriendlyto对······友好bepleasedwith对……感到高兴/愉快bestrictwithsb.对某人要求严格bedifferentfrom与······不同/有区别becarefulof当心……begoodat擅长……beafraidof害怕……beamazedat对……感到惊讶bebusydoing/withsth.忙于做某事beexcitedabout对……感到兴奋besurprisedat对……感到吃惊beangrywith对……生气beworriedabout对………担忧besorryabout对······感到遗憾bereadyfor为………准备好beinterestedin对······感兴趣befullof充满⋯⋯bekindto对······和蔼bepoliteto对······有礼貌Amyisn'ttheonlyonewhoisgoodatrecycling.埃米不是唯一的一个擅长循环再利用的人。(人教913)Mybrotheriscaptainoftheschooltennisteam——I'mproudofhim.我哥哥是学校网球队的队长—我以他为荣。ChowYunFatisfamousasamoviestar.Heisfamousforhisfineacting.周润发是一位著名的影星，他以演技精湛而出名。真题链接1.(2021山东烟台)Lifeistheunexpected.Whateverwedo,tryourbest.A.fullofB.proudofC.insteadofD.becauseof答案解析A句意：生活中充满意外。我们无论做什么，都要尽力。本题考查短语辨析。befullof充满;beproudof以⋯⋯为骄傲;insteadof代替;becauseof因为。由句意可知选A。2.(2023内蒙古包头)It'sverytofeelnervouswhenyougotoanewschool.A.naturalB.dangerousC.softD.cool答案解析A句意：当你到一个新学校的时候感到紧张是很正常的。本题考查形容词词义辨析。dangerous危险的;soft柔软的;cool凉的。natural正常的,符合句意。故选A。强化训练一、写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级。1.great2.clean3.nice4.wide5.hot6.red7.clever8.narrow9.easy10.difficult11.delicious12.good/well13.bad14.little二、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Thereare(many)newbeautyspotsherethaninothercitiesofChina.2.Ihaveat(little)tenyuaninmypocket.3.Thosedumplingsare(delicious)foodintheworld.4.Thisis(tall)treeintheschool.5.AlotofChinesepeopleare(proud)ofLiuYang,thefirstwomanastronautinChina.6.—Whichis(big),thesunorthemoon?—Thesunismuchthanthemoon.7.—How(tall)isJim?—He’s1.70metres(tall).WhataboutLiTao?—He’sonly1.50metres(tall).Heismuch(short)thanJim.Heisalsothe(short)boyintheclass.8.Heis(good)atlearningmaths.Heismuch(good)atChineseandheisthe(good)atEnglish.9.Theyoungmanis(strong)enoughtocarrythatheavybag.10.It's(good)foryourhealthtodo(much)exercise.11.—Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis?—Certainly,wecanbuya(good)onethanthis,oratleastas(good)asthis.12.LotsofvisitorsetoNanjingbecauseitisa(beauty)city.13.TheChangjiangRiverisoneofthe(long)riversintheworld.14.The(few)childrenthereareinafamily,the(rich)theirlifewillbe.15.ThecoatIboughtlastweekistoobigforme.I'dliketochangeitfora(small)one.三、根据汉语意思，在下列空白处填上适当的词，使句子意思完整。(每空一词)1.这件裙子跟那件裙子一样好。Thisskirtisthatone.2.今天比昨天热得多。Itistodayitwasyesterday.3.这部电影比那部有点儿无聊。Thisfilmisthanthatone.4.我们英语老师比我大10岁。OurEnglishteacheris5.吉姆对中国文化越来越感兴趣。JimisbeinginChineseculture.6.他是地球上最快乐的人。He'smanonearth.你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗?Doyouhave_____totellus?8.这些题材反映我们的日常生活。Thesesubjectsreflectour.9.哪一门课更难，数学还是英语?Whichsubjectis,mathsorEnglish?10.这个房间足够大，可以容纳50人。Theroomistohold50persons.四、下列每一个句子中有一处错误，请找出并改正。1.Theillmannearlydied.2.Theboyisthetallesttothethree.3.Thegirlismoreclevererthantheboy.IhavelessbooksthanTom.Weshouldkeepquietlyinthereadingroom.五、短文填空。根据汉语提示或用所给词的适当形式填空。Selfprotectionisoneofthe1(important)skillsforteenagers.Buthowcanweprotectourselves?Herearesomeof2(use)suggestions.First,weshouldbe3(小心的)whenwemakefriends,especiallyonline.Second,ifweareindanger,wemustcallthepoliceforhelpintimesothatwecankeepourselves4(安全的).Also,weoughttoeat5(健康的)food.Besides,weshouldn'tcrowdaroundeachotherwhenwegoupstairsordownstairsatschool.Lastbutnotleast,summerising;wemustrememberit's6(danger)toswimalone.Inshort,everyoneneedstolearnhowtoprotectourselvesandstayawayfromdanger.1.3.2.4.5.6.六、语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。MynameisPeter.Iamaprimarystudent.Mygrandfather1issixtysevenyearsoldoftentellsmesome2(interest)stories.Hereisoneofthem.Once,therewasafarmer.Hehadfourlambs.OnewasblackcalledBill,andthe3threewerewhite.Theblacklambwas4(friend)toeveryoneinthegroup.Butthewhitelambsoftenlaughed5him.Theythoughthewasugly.Thefarmerdidnotlikehim,6.HegavebadfoodtoBill.Onewinterday,thefourlambswentout7(eat)grass.Theywentfarawayfromhome.Suddenly8begantosnow.Afterawhile,thegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.Theycouldn'tfindthewayhome.9thefarmerfoundthatthelambswerenothome,hewentouttolookforthem.Therewassnoweverywhere.Suddenly,hesawsomethingblack.Hewenttoit.Oh,itwasBill!Andthewhitelambs10(be)there,too.Thefarmersaidexcitedly,“Thankstotheblacklamb,Icanfindyou!”1.3.2.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.经典真题1.(2022天津,)Ajourneybytrainisthanbycoach.A.morerelaxingB.relaxingC.mostrelaxingD.themostrelaxing2.(2021安徽)Mr.Black'smemoryisgetting.Asaresult,heoftenleaveshiskeysathome.A.olderB.poorerC.greaterD.better3.(2020山西)Confucius(孔子)isalsoveryfamousinmanyWesterncountriesbecausehetaughtpeopletobetoothersfirst.A.similarB.kindC.important4.(2022广东,32)AmongthefourseasoffthecoastofChina,EastChinaSeaisthesecond.A.deepB.deeperC,deepestD.thedeepest5.(2023吉林,30)—HaveyouseenthemovieZootopia(《疯狂动物城》)?—Ofcourse.Ithinkit'scartoonIhaveeverseen.A.FunnyB.thefunniestC.funnier6.(2022山东烟台,28)Manyteenagersdon’tliketotalkwiththeirparents.ButIamthem.Ilovetosharemyjoyandsorrowwithmyparents.A.thesameasB.differentfromC.interestedinD.angrywith7.(2023山东临沂)Mr.Wangisveryfriendlytous.HeisofallthepersonsIknow.A.patientB.lesspatientC.morepatientD.themostpatient8.(2022湖南长沙)—WhatdoyouthinkofthemovieZootopia?—Hmm...IthinkitismoviethatIhaveeverseentheseyears.A.agoodB.abetterC.thebest9.(2021湖南益阳)Thesafetyoffoodhasbeeoneoftheproblemsinourdailylife.A.ImportantB.moreimportantC.mostimportant10.(2022湖南常德)LiHua’sshoesareasasZhangHui's.A.cheapB.cheaperC.thecheapest11.(2023江苏南京)MysisterisstillverywithmebecauseIbrokehernewpencilboxyesterday.A.popularB.satisfiedC.honestD.angry12.(2022江苏苏州)—Playingvideogamesisawasteoftime.—Ican'tagreemore.Therearemeaningfulthingstodo.A.themostB.theleastC.moreD.less13.(2021江苏镇江)——InChineseculture,childrenbornintheYearoftheMonkeyaresaidtobesmart.——Yes.Theyarealwaysfullofenergy,soIthinktheyarealso.A.honestB.generousC.livelyD.modest14.(2023江苏连云港)—AreyouafanofthescienceTVshowSuperBrain?—Yes,I'malwaysbythesepeople'sgreatbrainpower.tiredB.amazedC.boredD.satisfied15.(2021广东梅州)Isyourbestfriendjustlikeyou?—No.Sheisthanme.A.patientB.morepatientC.themorepatientD.themostpatient16.(2022四川南充)Mollyisgirlofthethree.A.mostoutgoingB.moreoutgoingC.themostoutgoingD.outgoing17.(2023湖北)—Ican'tstandswimmingincoldriversinwinter.—Butit'sforyourhealth.YouknowIoftenswiminriversindifferentseasons.A.helpfulB.harmfulC.painfulD.careful18.(2022内蒙古呼和浩特)Heisveryrichbutthatdayheboughtbiketosavemoneyforthepoorchildren.A.anexpensiveB.amoreexpensiveC.themorecheaperD.thecheapest19.(2023河南)—Whataclearblueskyitis!—Yes.Ihaveneverseensky.A.amorebeautifulB.amostbeautifulC.themorebeautifulD.themostbeautiful20.(2022安徽)Nowpeoplehavemorefreetime..SquareDancingisbeingmoreandmore..A.fortableB.difficultC.differentD.popular21.(2021江西)—Thescarvesareallbeautiful.Ican'tdecidewhichonetochoose.——Oh,lookatthisredone.Ithinkit's.A.BeautifulB.morebeautifulC.themostbeautifulD.lessbeautiful22.(2022陕西)It'severypoliceman'sdreamtokeeppeopleandthetrafficingoodorder.A.safeB.healthyC.busyD.famous23.(2023广东)Bobknowshowtocutthecostoftheproject.I'msurehecandotheworkwithmoneyandpeople.A.less;lessB.fewer;moreC.more;fewerD.less;fewer24.(2023广东广州)Theboylookedbecausehedidn'tpasshismathsexam.A.sadB.sadnessC.saddestD.sadly25.(2022黑龙江哈尔滨)Boysandgirls,believeinyourselves.Theyouare,thebettergradesyou'llget.A.morecarefulB.morecarefullyC.mostcarefully26.(2021辽宁沈阳)——Whosehomeisfrom—Alice's,Ithink.A.farB.fartherC.farthest27.(2023江苏南京)Lisawasstillveryweakwhenshelefthospital.Butafteraweek'srest,shefeltmuchandwentbacktoschool.A.goodB.betterC.badD.worse28.(2021浙江温州)Apersonwhoisdoesnottellliesorcheatpeople.A.carelessB.stupidC.honest