专题03 阅读理解：说明文【大题精做】-冲刺2024年高考英语大题突破+限时集训（新高考专用）含解析

专题03阅读理解：说明文【大题精做】-冲刺2024年高考英语大题突破+限时集训（新高考专用）大题03阅读理解说明文说明文所选材料题材丰富多样，涉及社会、科技、文化、生活、人物、教育、生态、安全等方面。在高考英语阅读理解中，说明文所占比重尤为突出。它既要求考生能熟练运用词汇和语法知识、理解文章语句、把握语篇整体结构，还要求学生有大量的阅读积淀和知识储备，熟悉不同的话题和不同的题目考查方式。即便是细节理解题，大多数情况下考生也无法从文章中直接找到与选项表述完全一致的信息，而是需要在理解文章细节信息后作出归纳和判断。通常一套卷中主旨大意、词义猜测、写作意图/观点态度类高难度试题的考查数量为2道左右，说明文考查此类题目的频率较高，且命题点呈多样化。（2023年新高考I卷D篇）OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether”.Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.28．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofestimation. B．Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C．Thecausesofpeople’serrors. D．ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.29．Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.A．thecrowdswererelativelysmall B．therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC．individualsdidnotcommunicate D．estimateswerenotfullyindependent30．Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A．Thesizeofthegroups. B．Thedominantmembers.C．Thediscussionprocess. D．Theindividualestimates.31．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，这就需要考生有方法有技巧地去阅读。一般我们采用的方法有三个：细读、略读和跳读。（1）细读重点。重点，就原文而言，就是文章的基本结构、内容和态度；就答题而言，就是问题所对应的题源句。以这个标准来衡量，需要重点阅读的原文词句就不会很多。宏观方面：文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。微观方面：有转折处；重要标点；句子主干。（2）有选择地略读或跳读。在快速浏览了题干，初步把握了文章大意及结构的基础上，可大胆进行略读或跳读，这样不但可以加快阅读速度，还更容易总体把握全文。在阅读中可略读或跳读的内容包括：①繁琐的例证。为了说明问题，作者可能会借用形象的例子，有时候会比较繁琐，虽能说明问题，但需要读者花很多时间去阅读。如果例子所说明的问题不明了，可通过略读来理解；若例子所说明的问题比较明了，则例子部分可一带而过。②并列多项列举。有时许多功能相同的项目并列列举，那么只读其中一两项即可，无需全读。③无关大局的生僻词汇。阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。④较长的人名、地名。有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来。（2024上·河北沧州·高三泊头市第一中学校联考期末）Thinkofyourmostprizedpossession.Now,imagineyoudecideyoumustsellthisitem.Howmuchisitworthtoyou?Howmuchwouldyouchargeforit?Andwouldanyoneelsewanttobuyitatthatprice?Let’sconsiderthereal-worldexampleofayardsale.Beforeyourneighborscometolookatyourthings,youmustfirstdecideonthepricesforthem.Foryou,eachitemhasastory,andsomeitemsmayevenevokestrongemotions.Let’ssayyou’resellingapairofspecialeditionsportsshoesthatyoutookcareofandreallyenjoyedwearingonspecialoccasions.Withthesesweetmemoriesinmind,youputapricetagof$130ontheshoes.However,acustomeroffers$50forthem.Youthink,“Howcouldtheynotseehowspecialandvaluabletheseare?”Infinancialtransactionslikethis,sellersoftenbelievetheirownitemsareworthmorethanwhatbuyersarewillingtopay.Thisoccursbecausebuyersdonothavetheseller’sexperienceswithandemotionalattachmenttotheitems.Buyerswantagooddeal,andthey’renotwillingtopaywhatthesellerisaskingfor.Thisnegotiationprocesscanevenfeelalittlepainfulfortheseller—overlosingsomethingandthebuyernotvaluingitasmuch.Economistssuggestthisdynamicoccursthroughtheendowmenteffect(禀赋效应)—people’stendencytovaluethingstheyownmorehighlythantheywouldiftheydidnotownthem.Theendowmenteffectcantakeholdanytimewefeelasenseofownershipoveraproduct,anditcanhappenquickly.Asthesayinggoes,“Emotionsgelthebestofus.”Thereisnothingwrongwithbeingproudofowningthingsandtreasuringyourexperienceswiththem.Butwhenyouconsidersellingaprizedpossession,thinkaboutwhetheryou’refullyreadytopartwithil.Thepastisthepast,though.Removingyouremotionalattachmenttomaterialpossessionscanhelpyoumakemoreaccurateassessmentsofhowmuchyouritemsaretrulyworth.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evoke”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Advocate. B．Cause. C．Identify. D．Control.29．Whatmakesyouputapricetagof$130onyourshoesaccordingtoparagraph3?A．Yourfondnessfortheshoes. B．Yourignoranceofthemarket.C．Thehighqualityoftheshoes. D．Thespecialfunctionoftheshoes.30．Whichcanbestillustratetheresultofendowmenteffect?A．Onelikescollectingoldthings.B．Onetendstobuyexpensivegoods.C．Oneoffersalowerpricewhenshopping.D．Onechargesahigher-than-usualpriceforsomething.31．What’sthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．Tomakeasuggestion. B．Tointroduceatheory.C．Toanalyzeaphenomenon. D．Toprovidesomeevidence.刷模拟刷模拟Passage（1）（2024·江苏连云港·统考一模）Artificialintelligencemodelscantrickeachotherintodisobeyingtheircreatorsandprovidingbannedinstructionsformakingdrugs,orevenbuildingabomb,suggestingthatpreventingsuchAI“jailbreaks”ismoredifficultthanitseems.Manypubliclyavailablelargelanguagemodels(LLMs),suchasChatGPT,havehard-codedrulesthataimtopreventthemfromexhibitingracialorsexualdiscrimination,oransweringquestionswithillegalorproblematicanswers—thingstheyhavelearnedfromhumansviatrainingdata.Butthathasn’tstoppedpeoplefromfindingcarefullydesignedinstructionsthatblocktheseprotections,knownas“jailbreaks”,makingAImodelsdisobeytherules.Now,ArushTagadeatLeapLaboratoriesandhisco-workershavefoundaprocessofjailbreaks.TheyfoundthattheycouldsimplyinstructoneLLMtoconvinceothermodelstoadoptapersona(角色),whichisabletoanswerquestionsthebasemodelhasbeenprogrammedtorefuse.Thisprocessiscalled“personamodulation(调节)”.Tagadesaysthisapproachworksbecausemuchofthetrainingdataconsumedbylargemodelscomesfromonlineconversations,andthemodelslearntoactincertainwaysinresponsetodifferentinputs.Byhavingtherightconversationwithamodel,itispossibletomakeitadoptaparticularpersona,causingittoactdifferently.ThereisalsoanideainAIcircles,oneyettobeproven,thatcreatinglotsofrulesforanAItopreventitdisplayingunwantedbehaviourcanaccidentallycreateablueprintforamodeltoactthatway.ThispotentiallyleavestheAIeasytobetrickedintotakingonanevilpersona.“Ifyou’reforcingyourmodeltobegoodpersona,itsomewhatunderstandswhatabadpersonais,”saysTagade.YinzhenLiatImperialCollegeLondonsaysitisworryinghowcurrentmodelscanbemisused,butdevelopersneedtoweighsuchriskswiththepotentialbenefitsofLLMs.“Likedrugs,theyalsohavesideeffectsthatneedtobecontrolled,”shesays.28．WhatdoestheAIjailbreakreferto?A．ThetechniquetobreakrestrictionsofAImodels.B．Theinitiativetosethard-codedrulesforAImodels.C．ThecapabilityofAImodelsimprovingthemselves.D．TheprocessofAImodelslearningnewinformation.29．Whatcanweknowaboutthepersonamodulation?A．ItcanhelpAImodelsunderstandemotions.B．ItpreventsAIlearningviaonlineconversations.C．ItcanmakeAImodelsadoptaparticularpersona.D．ItforcesAImodelstofollowonlygoodpersonas.30．WhatisYinzhenLi’sattitudetowardsLLMs?A．Unclear. B．Cautious. C．Approving. D．Negative.31．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．LLMs:IllegalLearningModels B．LLMs:TheLatestAdvancementC．AIJailbreaks:ANewChallenge D．AIJailbreaks:APerfectApproachPassage（2）（2024·江苏连云港·统考一模）Notallbirdssing,butseveralthousandspeciesdo.Theysingtodefendtheirterritoryandcroon(柔声唱)toimpresspotentialmates.“Whybirdssingisrelativelywell-answered,”saysIrisAdam,abehavioralneuroscientist.However,thebigquestionforherwaswhybirdssingsomuch.“Assoonasyousing,yourevealyourself,”Adamsays.“Like,whereyouareandwhereyourterritoryis.”InanewstudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunications,Adamandherco-workersofferanewexplanationforwhybirdstakethatrisk.Theymayhavetosingaloteverydaytogivetheirvocal(发声的)musclestheregularexercisetheyneedtoproducetop-qualitysongs.Tofigureoutwhetherthemusclesthatproducebirdsongsrequiredailyexercise,Adamdesignedanexperimentonzebrafinches-thelittleAustraliansongbirds.Shepreventedthemfromsingingforaweekbykeepingtheminthedarkcagealmostaroundtheclock.Lightiswhatgalvanizesthebirdstosing,soshehadtoworktokeepthemfromwarbling(鸣叫).“Thefirsttwoorthreedays,it’squiteeasy,”shesays.“Butthelongertheexperimentgoes,themoretheyarelike,‘Ineedtosing.’”Atthatpoint,she’dtapthecageandtellthemtostopsinging.Afteraweek,thebirds’singingmuscleslosthalftheirstrength.ButAdamwonderedwhetherthatimpactedthequalityofsongs.Whensheplayedamale’ssongbeforeandafterthesevendaysofdarkness,shecouldn’thearadifference.ButwhenAdamplayedittoagroupoffemalebirds,sixoutofninepreferredthesongthatcamefromamalewho’dbeenusinghissingingmusclesdaily.Adam’sconclusionshowsthat“songbirdsneedtoexercisetheirvocalmusclestoproducetop-performancesongs.Iftheydon’tsing,theyloseperformance,andtheirsongsgetlessattractiveto

females.”Thismayhelpexplainsongbirds’continuoussinging.It’sagoodruletoliveby,whetheryou’reabirdorahuman-practicemakesperfect,atleastwhenitcomestosingingone’sheartout.28．AccordingtoIrisAdam,birdssingsomuchto______.A．warnotherbirdsofrisks B．producemoresongsC．performperfectlyinsinging D．defendtheirterritory29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“galvanizes”inParagraph3mean?A．Prepares. B．Stimulates. C．Forbids. D．Frightens.30．Whatdoweknowaboutthecagedbirdsintheexperiment?A．Theylosttheabilitytosing. B．Theystrengthenedtheirmuscles.C．Theirsongsshowednodifference. D．Theirsongsbecamelessappealing.31．WhatmayIrisAdamagreewith?A．Thesongbirdsliveonmusic. B．Thesongbirdsarebornsingers.C．Dailyexercisekeepsbirdshealthy. D．Practicemakesbirdsperfectsingers.Passage（3）（2024·福建·统考一模）OnthestreetsofManhattanandWashington,D．C．,inneighborhoodsinSeoulandparksinParis,ginkgo(银杏)treesarelosingtheirleavesinreactiontothefirstgustofcoldwinterair.Thisleafdrop,gradualatfirst,andthensudden,carpetsstreetswithgolden,fan-shapedleaves.Scientistsaredocumentingevidenceoftheeventhappeninglaterandlater,apossibleindicationofclimatechange.Butthestoryofginkgosisnotthefamiliaroneofhumancarelessnesswithnature.ThankstofossilsfoundinNorthDakota,scientistsfoundaginkgohasgeneticallysimilarancestorsdatingback170millionyearstotheJurassicPeriod.“Italmostwentextinct.Thenhumansrescueditandspreaditaroundtheworld.It’ssuchagreatevolutionary(进化)andculturalstory,”saysPeterCrane,aginkgoexpert.Onetheoryforthedeclineoftheginkgospeciesbegan130millionyearsago,whenfloweringplantsbeganspreading.Theygrewfasterandattractedmorepollinators(传粉者)thanginkgos.“It’spossiblethatginkgoswereelbowedoutoftheway,”saysCrane.Alreadycompetingtosurvive,ginkgosbegantodisappearduringatimeofglobalcoolingthatbeganaround66millionyearsago.Bythetimethelasticeageended11,000yearsago,theremainingsurvivorswerefoundinChina.Ginkgotreesaresmelly.“Myguessisthattheywereeatenbyanimalsthatlikedsmellythings.Theythenpassedthroughtheirbodyandgrew.”Cranesays.Thosesameseedsmayhavehelpedginkgofindfavorwithhumans1,000yearsago.Oncecleanedoftheirouterlayer,ginkgoseedsaresafetoeat.It’sthen,whenthetreeshadlongsincedisappearedelsewhere,thatpeopleinChinamayhavebegunplantingthemandeatingtheirseeds.Thengraduallyginkgosspreadacrosstheworld.Nowit’sseeminglynaturallyresistanttoinsectsandhighlevelsofairpollution.Craneisn’tworriedaboutitsfuture,though:Thepopularityofthespecieswillhelpitsurvive.“Thoughitsstatusinthewildmaybedifficulttoaccess,it’saplantthat’sunlikelytoevergoextinct,”hesays.28．Whatmayhavecausedthefurtherdelayofginkgo’sleafdrop?A．Thecolderweatherinwinter.B．Theprotectionfromcitycouncils.C．Theglobalwarmingphenomenon.D．Thecarelessinteractionwithhumans.29．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Thereasonswhyginkgosalmostdiedout.B．Theadvantagesofginkgosoverotherplants.C．Thetheoriesofexpertsformultiplyingginkgos.D．Thecompetitionbetweenvariousfloweringplants.30．Whatmighthavecontributedtoginkgos’survival?A．Theireatableseeds. B．Theirunpleasantsmell.C．Thenaturalevolution. D．Thecarefulplanting.31．HowdoesCranefeelaboutginkgos’future?A．Worried. B．Optimistic. C．Uncertain. D．Hopeless.Passage（4）（2024·湖南邵阳·统考一模）Listeningtoanaudiobook(有声书)beforebedaffectsaperson’sbrainactivityaftertheynodoffaswellasthecontentoftheirdreams.Betterunderstandingthiseffectcouldhelptreatcertainmentalhealthconditionsbytargetingmemoryprocessingduringsleep.Whenwesleep,ourbrainspontaneously(自发地)“replays”,orreactivatespatternsofelectricalactivitythatarerelatedtolearningtotransferimportantnewinformationtolong-termmemorystorage.Ithasbeensuggestedthatdreamsmayreflectthisreactivation,butexactlyhowisunclear.Toinvestigate,DenizKumralattheUniversityofFreiburg,Germany,andhercolleaguesasked20peopletolistentodifferentaudiobooksjustbeforetheywenttosleep.TheseincludedTheMysteryoftheBlueTrainbyAgathaChristieandInkheartbyCorneliaFunke.Amongtheparticipantswhorememberedtheirdreams,theresearcherscouldidentifywhichaudiobookeachhadheardfromtheirdescriptionsofthedreams.Whiletheparticipantsslept,theresearchersalsousedanEEG(脑电图)capthatdetectselectricalactivitytorecordtheirbrainwaves.Thisshowedthatthewavepatternsduringtherapideyemovementphaseofsleep,whendreamsoccurred,weremoresimilarbetweenthosewhohadheardthesameaudiobookthanthosewhohadhearddifferentones,suggestingthatthelisteningexperienceshapedthebrainactivity.Furtheranalysisofthepatternsrevealedthathigh-frequencybetawaves—between18and30hertz—weremoststronglyassociatedwiththeparticipantsrecallingtheaudiobook-relatedcontentoftheirdreams.Thefindingssuggestthatdailylifeexperiencescanshapedreamcontentviamemoryreactivation,accordingtotheresearchers.Butwhiledreamingmayserveadistinctpurposeinmemoryformation,itcouldalsobeaby-productofmemoryprocessing.“Daytimeexperiencesarerarelyreplayedasexperienced,butarealmostalwaysmodifiedorsurfaceindifferentcontexts,”saysKumral.“Individualswithcertainpsychologicalconditionsormentalproblemsmightbenefitfromtailoredstrategiesthatenhancememoryprocessingortreatdisordersofdreamingduringsleep,potentiallycontributingtoimprovedmentalandemotionalhealth.”28．Whatdidtheresearchersasktheparticipantstodo?A．Recordtheirdreamseverynight. B．Listentoaudiobooksduringtheday.C．Listentoaudiobooksjustbeforesleep. D．WearanEEGcapduringtheday.29．WhydidDenizKumralandhercolleaguesdotheresearch?A．Toknowhowpeopleprocessinformation.B．Tofindoutthecontentsofpeople’sdreams.C．Torevealthesecretofimprovingpeople’smemory.D．Toinvestigatehowdreamsreplaypatternsofelectricalactivity.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“modified”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Changed. B．Stored C．Strengthened. D．Forgotten.31．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．ListeningexperiencesinfluencingbrainactivityB．Listeningtoaudiobooksbeforebedshapingone’sdreamC．TheimportanceofdreamsinmemoryformationD．IntegrationofdailyexperiencesintodreamsPassage（5）（2024·广东肇庆·统考二模）“Heisagiantofthe20th-centuryart,butthatdoesn’tmeanheonlydidbigpaintings,saidLynnMiller,directorofRochesterCentralGallery,inaninterviewlastThursday.Entitled“PicassoandHisDrafts”,aspecialexhibitmarking50yearssincethedeathofPabloPicassoisheldatthegallerythismonth.Insteadofhispaintings,thenotebooksonwhichtheSpanishlegendaryartistdrewdraftsareshowntothepublicforthefirsttime.Matchboxcovers,postcards,restaurantnapkinsallservedasdraftingnotesfortheartistatmomentsofinspiration.Itisimportanttoknowthateachofthe14notebookspresentedreflectswhatwasgoingoninhislife.Forexample,atinynotebookwhosesizeisjust3by5inchesstandsoutamongtheexhibits.Insidethelittlebookwasaself-portraitoftheartistfinishedroughlyinpencil,withdeepandthoughtfuleyes.Itwasdonein1918andPicasso,theninhismid-30s,hadjustgotmarried.Heproducedbig-sizedartworksbuthealsokeptthistinynotebookaround,fillingitwithscenesofhiswife,theirfriends,thebeachandthetown,anddraftsofupcomingpaintings.Actually,manyofthedraftdrawingsareearlyversionsoffamedpaintingslikeLesDemoisellesd’Avignon(1907)andDoraMaarinanArmchair(1939).”Heisagreatartistofthemodernperiod,andweseepracticeanddeterminationinhisnotebooks,saidLynnMiller,referringtoPicasso’seffortsinimprovinghisskillsthroughcopiousdrawing.BernardRuiz-Picasso,agrandsonofPicasso’s,rememberedhimalwaysdraftinguntilthelastpieceofpaperavailable.“Mygrandpawaspermanentlydrawingsomething,Ruiz-Picassosaid.Inadocumentaryfilmshownatthegallery,Picasso,shirtlessandinshorts,wasstandingonaladdertoreachthetopofhiscanvas(画布).Itremindsvisitorsoftherealsizeofhismasterworks.28．Whatarethekeyfeaturesoftherecentexhibitatthegallery?A．Notebooksforsale. B．Picasso’sartworks.C．Pricelessartisticdrafts. D．Masterpiecesofthe20thcentury.29．WhatisreflectedinthenotebooksofPicasso?A．Hislifeexperience. B．Theloveforhiscountry.C．Thecontentofhisbooks. D．Hiseducationbackground.30．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPicassoaccordingtohisgrandson?A．Creative. B．Diligent. C．Optimistic. D．Humorous.31．Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’swordsinthelastparagraph?A．Picassousedtomindhisappearance. B．Thegalleryexhibitsrealmasterworks.C．Thedocumentarymovieisworthseeing. D．Picasso’sartworksareactuallyofgreatsize.Passage（6）（2024·广东茂名·统考一模）Researchershaveidentifiedagrowingthreattoastronomyfromthesunlightreflectingoffcommunicationdevicesinspace.Onesuchdevice,acommunicationsatellitecalledBlueWalker3,iscurrentlyoneofthebrightestobjectsvisiblefromEarth,matchingthebrightnessofProcyonandAchemar,twoofthebrighteststarsinthenightsky.“BlueWalker3isvisibleinbothdarkskyandurbanskies,thoughinurbansettingsthiswillbelimitedtowhenBlueWalker3passesoverhead,”saidDr.JeremyTregloan-Reed,aco-authorofthestudyattheUniversityofAtacamainChile.“Largeconstellations(星座)ofbrightartificialsatellitesinlowEarthorbitposesignificantchallengestoground-basedastronomy,”thestudy’sauthorswrote.Tregloan-Reedsaidalargereflectivebrightnessmeansthatwhenasatellitecrossesthedetectorofatelescope,itleavesamarkthatcanbedifficult,ifnotimpossible,toremove.Thiscouldleadtolossofdatafromtheaffectedpixels(像素).Buthesaidspace-basedastronomyalsofacedchallengesfromsuchsatellites,notingthatobservationsbytheHubbletelescopehadincreasinglybeenaffectedbymarksfromStarlinksatellites.Besides,theteamnotestheradiofrequenciesusedbyBlueWalker3areclosetothoseusedforradioastronomy,raisingthepossibilitythatsuchsatellitescouldcauseinterference.WhileBlueWalker3wasfoldedwhenitwaslaunchedlastyear,onceinspaceitopeneduptorevealahugesurfaceareathatreflectedsunlight.Tregloan-Reedaddedthatevenifallthereflectivebrightnessofallsatelliteswasreducedtobelowthelevelvisiblebythenakedeye,“theskybackgroundglowwillincreaseduetotheaccumulativeeffectofhavinghundredsofthousandsofsatellitesfromvariousoperatorsfrommanycountriesinlowEarthorbit.Itisdisastrous!”BlueWalker3,builtbyASTSpaceMobile,isjustthefirstonetobelaunched.ThecompanyisplanningaconstellationofsatellitesnicknamedBlueBirds,consistingofover100similarsatellitesandaimedtoprovidesatellitenetworkserviceforthewholeworld.Youcanimaginehowbrightthenightskywillbeatthattime!28．WhatcanweknowaboutBlueWalker3?A．Itthreatensthesunlight. B．ItwasinventedbyDr.Jeremy.C．ItisbrighterthanProcyonandAchernar. D．Itisvisibleinurbanskieswhenpassingoverhead.29．ThebrightnessofBlueWalker3ismostlikelytoaffect________.A．earthorbit B．spaceobservationC．radiofrequency D．satellitecommunication30．ConcerningtheplanofBlueBirds,whatmighttheauthoragreewith?A．Ithaspotentialdrawbacks. B．Itisboundtobeaccomplished.C．Itisirreplaceableforastronomy. D．Itprovidesnetworkservicefortheworld.31．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．BlueWalker3—ABrightandDark“Star” B．BlueWalker3—TheMostValuableSatelliteC．TheNightSky—GlowingwithBlueWalker3 D．TheNightSky—HeavilyPollutedbyBlueWalker3Passage（7）（2024·湖南长沙·统考一模）FortherapidlydecreasingnumberofAmericanswho’veneverheardofpickleball,thelittle-knownpaddleballgameisoneofAmerica’sfastest-growingsports.Inventedin1965bythreemiddle-agedfathersinWashingtonstate,pickleballisanoddcrossamongtennis,ping-pongandbadminton,playedwithapaddleandaperforated(穿孔的)plasticball.ThefoundersaresaidtohavenamedthegameafterafamilydogcalledPickles.Mostofpickleball’scoreplayers—thosewhoplaymorethaneighttimesperyear—areoverage65,butthegameisgettingyounger,withthestrongestgrowthamongplayersunder55,accordingtoUSAPickleball.Butwithsomanynewplayers,theUSisstrugglingtokeepupwiththedemandforcourts.Thecountryhasonlyabout10,000placestoplay,byUSAPickleball’scount,butthatcontinuestogrowbyseveraldozeneverymonth.Pickleballisalsofastbecomingaspectatorsport(观赏性运动).Itsfirstprofessionaltournament,theProfessionalPickleballAssociation(PPA)Tour,wasformedin2018andtheprofessionalplayersarebeingabletoreallybecomecelebritiesandspotlights.Traditionalbroadcasters’interestinthesportisgrowing.Sofar,pickleballfanscanwatchamateurandprofessionalmatchesonsportsorsocialchannels,mostlyonline.“Theabilityforasporttofindanaudiencequicklyviasocialmediaisunprecedented(前所未有的),”saysBenShields,wholecturesatMIT’sSloanSchoolofManagementandstudiesthesportsindustry.Shieldsaddsthatpickleballstillneedsafamousstartodrawinwideraudiences,ashasbeenthekeytosuccessforothersportsopularityofPickleballC．TheRiseandFallofPickleball D．TheRulesofPlayingPickleballPassage（8）（2024·湖南长沙·统考一模）ByteDance’sDouyinhasbeentrialingafooddeliveryservicesinceDecemberasitlookstoexpanditsbusinessbeyondadvertising.Itpotentiallycompetesitselfagainstmajore-commercecompanieslikeAlibabaandMeituan.Andthecompanyisnowconsideringextendingtheservicebeyondthetrial.ADouyinspokespersonsaysthatthecompanyhasbeen“testingafeatureinBeijing,ShanghaiandChengduthatenablesmerchants(商人)topromoteandsell‘group-buying’packagestoDouyinusersintheseselectcitiesandhavethemdelivered”.RestaurantownersoftenlivestreamonDouyintomarkettheirbusiness.Whiledoingthis,theycanofferdiscountsandcoupons(优惠券)fortheirfoodtouserswatchingthevideos.Multipleuserscanthenpurchasethatoffermainlyandchooseatimewithintwodaysforthefoodtoarrive.ThemodelisverydifferentfromMeituanandAlibaba’sEle.mewhicharebothon-demandfooddeliveryservices.Thedigitalgianthasapproachedrestaurantownersandfoodenterprisesinthethreecitiestopromotetheirdishesontheapp.Douyinstatesthatthesuccessofthetrialrunwilldeterminewhetherthein-appmealdeliveryservicewillbeexpandedtoothercities.“Wewouldconsiderexpandingthefeaturetomorecitiesinthefuturedependingonthetestingresults.Thereisnodetailedtimelineyet,”aDouyinspokespersonsays.China’sfooddeliveryindustryisdominatedbyMeituanandEle.me.DouyinhasfewerfoodbuyingoptionsthanMeituanandEle.me.ButByteDance’stentative(暂定的)stepsintothemarketsuggestitwantsasliceofthemarket.Majore-commerceplatformsaregettingintothefooddeliverybusiness.OneWeibopostreads,“Moreplatformscouldbeadvantageousforbothfoodbusinessownersandregularconsumers.”Usersthinkthecompetitionwillhelpregisteredvendors(销售商)andusersbecausecustomerswillhavemoreoptionsandfoodbusinessownerscanusetheplatformthatchargesthelowestservicefee.28．WhatdoesDouyinwanttodo?A．Expanditsmarketintestedcities. B．Getintothefooddeliveryindustr