金属热物性参数

PAGE1PAGE4表1各种金属的热物性值金属温度C比热cal/(g·C)导热系数cal/(cm·s·C)密度(g/cm3)液相线、固相线温度(C)纯铁25200400769800100015000.1070.1240.1450.3580.2300.1480.1800.1920.1520.1200.0740.0710.0700.032=7.88(20=7.3(1500=7.0(1600镇静钢(C0.08%)020040080012000.1120.1240.1420.2300.1580.1420.1280.1070.0680.071=7.86(15软钢(C0.23%)020040080012000.1120.1240.1420.2280.1580.1240.1160.1020.0620.071=7.86(15碳素结构钢(S35C)252004008000.1110.1250.1340.2850.1030.0950.0790.078中碳钢(C0.4%)020040080012000.1120.1220.1400.1480.1560.1240.1150.1000.0590.071=7.85(15共析钢(C0.8%)020040080012000.1080.1280.1440.1460.1600.1190.1080.0910.0580.072=7.85(15工具钢(C1.2%)020040080012000.1080.1300.1420.1560.1560.1030.1020.0890.0570.068=7.83(15续表1各种金属的热物性值金属温度C比热cal/(g·C)导热系数cal/(cm·s·C)密度(g/cm3)液相线、固相线温度(C)Si2%钢020040080012000.1200.1260.1440.3260.1600.0600.0720.0740.0600.070=7.73(15Ts=1488TL=1497Cr1%钢2020040080012000.1140.1240.1420.2060.1460.1060.0920.0620.072=7.84(15TS=1420TL=1520不锈钢(AISI420)2020040080012000.1140.1190.1460.2140.1360.0530.0550.0580.0640.069=7.7(1513.1Cr,0.5NiTS=1399TL=1454不锈钢(AISI304)020040080012000.1180.1280.1360.1540.1600.0350.0430.0500.0630.07618~20Cr,8~12NiTS=1399TL=1454过共晶灰口铸铁20200400800900（0.128）（0.134）（0.140）（0.168）（0.173）0.1540.1240.0940.0710.053=7.0(15比热相对于普通铸铁共晶灰口铸铁2020040080012000.1860.1410.1040.0700.036球墨铸铁2020040080010000.1190.1010.0870.0720.0510.041=7.1(15表2铸型的热物性计算公式No视在物性值计算公式备注1浇注合金：铸铁硅砂干型，呋喃铸型2浇注合金：铸铝硅砂干砂，呋喃铸型3浇注合金：铸钢硅砂干型4浇注合金：铸钢硅砂呋喃铸型5硅砂6橄榄石砂7锆砂8铬砂9硅砂，干型，呋喃铸型600C0.385<<0.4940.0058<DP<0.03790.03<W<0.0710硅砂，干型c由No9的公式求得浇注合金：铸钢硅砂，呋喃铸型浇注合金：铸钢11硅砂，膨润土7%，水分4%=1.5212硅砂=1.7313橄榄石砂，膨润土5.9%，水分3.3%=1.8314铬砂膨润土3.9%,水分2.1%=2.7815锆砂，膨润土3.8%,水分2.1=2.78表3流动临界固相率合金临界固相率文献备考Al-Si2.4%Si6.2%Al-Si3%0.660.78084考虑了浓化后决定固相率Al-Cu5.5%Al-Mg13.8%85根据浓度实测值和杠杆定律算出固相率Al-Cu4.5%0.85~0.8786用谢依尔公式算出固相率AC2BAl-Si9%-Cu4%0.5(金属型)0.3(砂型)8789用谢依尔公式算出固相率Fe-C0.65%铜0.6980球墨铸铁0.7588没有说明数据的明确依据Al-4.5%Cu0.84(自由凝固)根据实测，Vc=0.032Cu-8%SnCu-8%Sn-0.5%SiCu-8%Sn-2%Fe0.80.75(自由凝固)0.8根据固相率与流过细管道的液体量测出,冷速Vc=0.03Cu-8%Sn0.43~0.44(金属型，型温373根据固相率与流过细管道的液体量测出铸钢0.65未说明依据铸钢，不锈钢0.70未说明依据表4部分砂型热物性数据表型砂组成(cal/s.cm.C)×102C(cal/gC)(g/cm3)说明石英砂石英砂0.0550.1390.1260.3101.6581.7005~15900C，粒度“干砂”0.0780.1911.500未表明者为常温，下同“湿砂”0.2710.5031.650石英砂0.112~0.3630.191~0.2811.776黄砂0.067~0.0821.580~1.700石英砂0.096~0.3360.12~0.4560.072~0.360.0620.3620.141~0.1810.168~0.2880.168~0.2880.168~0.2881.940.1840.181~0.2811.7301.6341.4581.6021.6781.4600~13000~13000~1300干燥砂，16.5含水4.9%，18.90~1100，T锆砂锆砂0.191~0.2510.223~0.3910.120~0.2100.130~0.2022.8302.8000~1100，T0~900铬铁矿砂铬铁矿砂0.125~0.2930.151~0.2302.6000~900水玻璃砂石英砂+5%水玻璃0.6142.583铁浇注法，界面平均1143铬铁矿砂+水玻璃0.1390.165铬镁矿砂+水玻璃0.2030.2430.139钢浇注法钢浇注法石英砂+树脂钢浇注法石英砂+5%酚醛树脂0.142~0.20228~450石英砂+3%~7%呋喃树脂0.161~0.1370.202~0.181.4801.63025~55025~550石英砂+2%呋喃树脂0.1220.231.480铝浇注法，666石英砂+1.5%呋喃树脂0.1870.1920.2420.250.260.261.440.4401.550铁浇注法，1155钢浇注法，1155钢浇注法，1155石英砂+1.5%树脂0.26200.18~0.230.260.18~0.261.6301.440钢浇注法，1155钢浇注法铬铁矿砂+1%树脂0.161~0.212.900钢浇注法铬砂+树脂铬砂+1%呋喃树脂0.23~0.2620.13~0.172.880钢浇注法常温~1490树脂砂石英砂+6%水玻璃0.230.230.2520.2521.4501.5701.3901.6101.610铝浇注法，界面平均660铝浇注法，界面平均660铁浇注法，界面平均1155铁浇注法，界面平均1155钢浇注法，界面平均1490表5典型金属材料的常温密度材质密度(g/cm3)材质密度(g/cm3)材质密度(g/cm3)钢碳素钢不锈钢高速钢7.807.908.20~8.80灰口铸铁(中碳，铁素体基体)可锻铸铁7.257.27铝合金铝硅合金硬铝ADC102.602.802.71铸铁灰口铸铁(高碳，铁素体基体)球墨铸铁8.807.10铜合金7-3黄铜6-4黄铜高强度黄铜8.508.408.30锌合金ZDC26.60镁合金1.80表6典型液体金属的物性值物性值低合金铸钢(1600)①普通铸铁(1400C纯铝(700C)纯铜(1100C)纯镁(700C)液相线温度(C)1400~15301123~11306601083851密度(g/cm3)6.80~7.006.50~6.902.351.901.58比热0.150.220.260.120.29导热系数40(纯铁)--10017080凝固潜热(J.g-1)251~268209~268394204230凝固收缩率(%)3~4-0.8~0.56.54.24.2表面张力()17009209001300560粘度(mPa.s)65~81.1~241.2热辐射系数0.3~0.45(全辐射系数)0.3~0.45(全辐射系数)0.12(相对0.65m的波长0.1(相对0.66m的波长--①表示所给物性值的温度条件。表7其它物质的热物性值物质名温度(C)比热导热系数密度(g/cm3)粘度(Pa.s),其它cal.g-1.C-1cal.cm-1s-1C干燥空气氮氢水汽缸油石膏石棉混凝土玻璃纤维砂岩杉树条硅砖锆砖镁砖渣渣2020202020201002020202350050010001000~15001000~15000.240.253.391.00.450.15~0.20.1950.210.160.170.0720.230.140.30.2630.416.2×10-57.6×10-54.2×10-41.4×10-33.6×10-41.45×10-34.5×10-4(2~3)×10-39.6×10-54.1×10-32.6×10-43×10-36×10-3(1.4~8.8)×10-31.7×10-31.2×10-3=1.0,=0.89,=0.8=0.8~1.5=0.58=1.9~2.3=0.2=2.2=0.42=1.7=3.7=2.53CaO35%--SiO245%--Al2O320%CaO50%--SiO235%--Al2O315%表8铸型内的传热系数No.比热流量q传热系数h=q/(T1-T2)备注时间(s)cal/(cm2.s)cal/(cm2.s.C)10510203036.146.046.029.027.00.0140.0340.0310.0190.017C0.035%钢T1=TC(铸片)T2=TM(结晶器)铸造速度=1.08m/min弯曲型扁板连铸机2152030405060700.0350.0310.0240.0190.0140.0140.018C0.12~0.16%钢连铸T1=TC(铸片)T2=TW(冷却水)铸造速度=0.8m/min3051015203022.833.731.624.718.615.30.0160.0220.0210.0160.0120.010同上铸造速度=2.03m/min40.0210.0850.0110.091铸铁卧式连铸机石墨铸型203mm同上，305mm50.04~0.060.006~0.01铝连续铸造6240300600130018000.00750.00670.00500.00350.0026Fe-V2.85%铜铸型(仅单面)真空中70601202403606000.0230.0200.0180.0160.0140.012碳素钢表面氧化铸铁铸型81.9~2.2Al合金，压铸90.03铝硅合金液体金属流动时(金属型)100.01~0.02Al合金，金属型，低压铸造110.3~0.40.04~0.07Al,金属型铸造(涂料50~200120.11~0.170.004~0.007铜连续铸造130.2~0.40.06铜合金(金属型)140.080.0560.0240.0140.014铸钢/砂型(难以产生空隙时)15300420600120018000.0220.0140.0110.00840.0055同上(容易产生空隙时)表9合金的密度、潜热合金s(20(kg/m3)s(Ts)(kg/m3)L(kJ/kg)1%Cr钢7840--2771.5%Mn钢7850--2772%Si钢7730--333奥氏体不锈钢77007000294铁素体不锈钢8000--3040.08%C钢780070300.23%C钢786070300.80%C钢785069901.20%C钢78306900白口铸铁7650(7000)灰口铸铁7100(6650)Al-4.5%Cu2980(2630)--AlSi7Mg2680(2360)--Cu-30Zn8390(7520)--Mg-3Al-1Zn-5Mn1850(1690)370Ni-15Cr-7Fe-2.5Ti-Hb-0