研究生英语综合教程unit 1

IntegratedEnglishCourse

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furao33@126.comSelf-introductionWhat’syourname?Whereareyoufrom?Whichschooldidyougraduate?Whydidyouchoosehere?What’syourexpectations?RequirementsRequirementsSpeechEducation研究生英语教研室UnitOneContents4Background1235VocabularyTextAnalysisExercisesWriting&TranslationBackgroundInyouropinion,whataspectsoftheAmericaneducationalsystemaremostdifficultforforeignstudentsandImmigrants?WhatareyourexpectationsofprofessorsandInstructors?Shouldtheybemorethanteachers?Forexample,shouldtheyalsobecounselors,friends,oradvisers?Inyourculture,is"peer-teaching"common?Thatis,dostudentsteacheachother?HowtosurviveintheAmericanclassroom?AmericanClassroomHowwillmyachievementinmyacademicclassesbemeasured?CanIspeakupinclass?ShouldIgivegiftstomyteacher?Howdoteachershandlecheating?Isitnecessarytotypemypapers?HowmuchwillIhavetostudy?WhatifIhaveotherquestionsaboutmyschool?

conducive

[kən′dju:siv]adj.

1.导致…的,有助于…的

e.g.

Thisisamoreconduciveatmosphereforstudying.

这样的氛围更有利于学习。

2.使容易（或有可能）发生的

beconduciveto:tendingtocauseorbringabout;contributive(+to),behelpful

e.g.Exerciseisconducivetogoodhealth.

运动有助于健康。innovation

[inəu′veiʃən]n.

(+in)

1.改革,革新,创新

e.g.Anenterpriseshouldencourageinnovation.企业应鼓励创新。2.新观念,新方法,新发明e.g.Farmersareintroducinginnovationswhichincreasetheproductivity.农民们正引进提高生产力的新方法。subordinate

[sə′bɔ:dinət]adj.

1.级别或职位较低的,下级的

e.g.

Theminorityissubordinatetothemajority.

少数服从多数。2.次要的,附属的

e.g.

Allotherconsiderationsaresubordinate

toourneedforsteadyprofits.比起我们需要稳定的利润来说,其他需要考虑的事都是次要的。

[sə′bɔ:dineit]vt.

使成为下级，使次要egalitarianism

[ɪ,gælɪ′tɛərɪənɪzəm]n.

平等主义(equalitarianism)e.g.

Weshallallowsomeareastobecomerichfirst;egalitarianismwillnotwork.要让一部分地方先富裕起来，搞平均主义不行。egalitarian[ɪ,gælɪ′tɛərɪən]adj.e.g.

anegalitariansociety一个人人平等的社会counselor

[′kaʊnsələ]n.

1.顾问,参事

e.g.

acounselortotheambassador大使顾问Hiseldersisterhadbeenhisguide,counselor,andfriend.他姐姐过去一直指导他,给他出主意,是他的朋友。3.<律>律师4.(使馆等的)参赞;法律顾问

e.g.

acommercialcounselor

商务参赞resentful

[rɪ′zentfəl]adj.

感到愤恨的,表示愤恨的,憎恨的

e.g.

aresentfulremark一句气话

Hefeltdeeplyresentfultowardshisex-wife.他对前妻怨恨极深。Shefeltresentfulatthewayshehadbeentreated.她对所受到的对待恼怒不已。Shewasresentfulofthewayofhisspeaking.她对他的讲话方式不满。perceive

[pə′si:v]v.

1.感觉,察觉,理解,注意到,意识到e.gIplainlyperceivesomeobjectionsremain.我清楚地察觉到还有一些反对意见。Thatruleisnoteasilyperceived.这条规则不容易理解。Theyperceivedthattheywereunwelcomeandleft.他们意识到他们是不受欢迎的,于是就离开了。Ican'tperceiveanydifferencebetweenthesecoins.我看不出这些硬币的区别。

2.视为；认为；理解为;把…看做intrusion

[ɪn′tru:ʒən]n.

1.闯入，侵入，侵扰e.g.Armedintrusions

武装入侵2.(对某事的)干扰，干涉，扰乱，侵犯e.g.Ihavesomanyintrusionsonmytimethatitisdifficulttogetmyworkdone.我的时间常常受到干扰,致使我难以完成我的工作。compartmentalize

[kɔmpɑ:t′mentəlaiz]v.

分隔；划分；分类e.g.Youcannotcompartmentalizeyourlifelikethis!

你不能如此划分你的生活。Anongoingchallengeformanysalespeopleistheabilityto‘compartmentalize’areasoftheirlife.violation

[vaɪə′leɪʃən]n.

1.违反(行为,事例);冒犯,侵害e.g.TheyblockadedtheSuezCanalinviolationofinternationalagreement.他们违反国际公约封锁了苏伊士运河。

Leavingacarinano-parkingareaisoneofthecommonesttrafficviolations.把车停在禁停区是常见的违反交通规则行为之一。suspend

[sə′spend]v.

1.悬,挂,吊e.g.Alampwassuspendedfromtheceiling.天花板上吊着一盏灯。2.暂停,终止Bothsidesintheconflicthaveagreedtemporarilytosuspendhostilities.冲突双方同意暂时停火。3.延缓；暂缓；推迟4.使暂时停职（或停学等）expel

[ik′spel]v.

1.驱逐,赶走,放逐,驱逐出境

e.g.Theyexpelledaforeignspyfromtheircountry.他们把一个外国间谍驱逐出境。2.把…除名,把…开除

Hewasexpelledfromtheclubforbreakingtherules.他因违反了规定而被开除出俱乐部。3.排出，喷出

e.g.Thewhaleexpelledwaterfromhisblowhole.鲸鱼从鼻孔排出水。jeopardize[′dʒepədaiz]

v.

冒…的危险；危及；危害；损害

e.g.jeopardizethefundamentalinterestsofthestate

危害国家的根本利益Soldiersjeopardizetheirlivesinwar.士兵们在战争中使他们的生命陷入险境。

Toburnyourbridgeswilljeopardizeyourfuturecareer.

过河拆桥的做人处事，将会影响到你的事业前途。abide[ə′baid]

v.

1.

容忍，忍受

Shecan’tabidehisrudeness.

她不能忍受他的粗鲁行为

2.遵守，信守

abidebythelaw/schoolregulations遵守法律/校规

3.等候，等待e.g.Shewillabidehertime.她将等待时机。

4.逗留，居住Theyabideinaremotevillage.他们住在偏远的村子里plagiarism[′pleidʒərizəm]

n.

1.剽窃，抄袭2.剽窃物，抄袭物e.g.(anactof)plagiarism抄袭行为

Plagiarismisaseriousoffense.

剽窃是严重的违纪行为。Theformerstudentsarebeingaccusedofplagiarism.

这些校友现在被认为抄袭。

fabrication

[fæbri′keiʃən]

n.

1.捏造，伪造（故事、证据、文件等）；

编造（谎言等）2.建造，制作，装配，组合e.g.

That'spurefabrication!那纯粹是捏造的！Herstorywasnothingbutaseriesoffabrications.

她说的完全都是编造的。

falsification

[fɔ:lsifi′keiʃən]

n.

1.弄虚作假；伪造，篡改，歪曲2.证明为假，证明为无根据e.g.

falsificationoffacts/account

歪曲事实/编造假账Thefalsificationofthetestamentwasdiscoveredbythem.

他们发现这份遗嘱被窜改了。

v:falsifyn:falsifieracademician

[ə,kædə′miʃən]

n.

1.（尤指英国皇家艺术院、法国科学院和俄国科学院）院士2.【美】学者；知识分子，学会成员e.g.

OurprofessorisanacademicianoftheScienceAcademy.

我们的教授是科学院的院士。

AcademicianYuanLongpingWonthe2004WorldFoodPrize

袁隆平院士荣获2004年度世界粮食奖

tantamount

[′tæntəmaunt]

a.

同等的，相等于…的，相当于…的(+to)e.g.

TheKing'srequestwastantamounttoacommand.

国王的要求就相当于命令。Herstatementistantamounttoaconfessionofguilt.

她的供述等于认罪。

bureaucratic

[bjuərəu′krætik]

a.

官僚（政治）的，官僚主义的e.g.

Itisnecessarytogetridofbureaucraticpractices.

必须清除官僚习气。Inefficientbureaucraticadministrationswouldbephasedout.

低效的官僚管理体制将会逐渐废除。

LanguagePoints1.Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilityforlearninglieswiththestudent.=Manyteachersbelievethatthestudentisresponsibleforhislearning.(L.1)

liewith:tobedecidedby,dependenton,orupto:由…决定，取决于，视…而定：

e.g.Thechoicelieswithyou.

你来做出选择2.Violationofthehonorsystemcanresultinfailingacourse,havingapermanentrecordoftheviolationinthestudent'sfiles,andevenbeingsuspendedorexpelledfromtheuniversity.(L.36)=Ifyouviolatethehonorsystem,youmayhavetheviolationrecordinyourstudent’sfileforgood,besuspendedordrivenoutoftheuniversity.

resultin:leadto,inducee.g.

Theaccidentresultedinthedeathoftwopeople.

这场意外事故造成两人死亡。3.Manystudentsarealsoawarethattheycanjeopardizetheirrapportwithfellowstudentsiftheyaredishonest.(L.39)

rapport[ræ′pɔ:]和睦（或融洽、亲善）关系

beinrapportwith（与…）关系密切e.g.

Theactordevelopedacloserapportwithhisaudience.

该演员与观众建立了密切的关系。Fatherandsonhaveagreatrapport.父子情深4.Wheninternationalstudentsareaccusedofplagiarism,itmaybethattheyomittedthecitationoutofignorancebutnotbecauseofdishonesty(L.65)=Wheninternationalstudentsarechargedwithcopyingfromothers,itmaybebecausetheydonotrealizeit,butnotbecausetheyaredishonest,

accuseof:tochargeformallywithawrongdoing.

e.g.Hewasaccusedofmurder.有人指控他谋杀

Sheaccusedhimofstealingherwatch.

她控告他偷她的表5.

Studentsfromcountrieswhere"beatingthesystem"isasurvivaltechniquehavetoadjusttothefactthatintheUnitedStatesanykindoffalsificationofofficialschooldocumentsisconsidereddishonestandispunishable.(L.71)beatingthesystem:there'salwayscountermeasuretothesystemorpolicy

e.g.Somepeopletendtobeatthesystemandsomepeopledonot.6.Theirattempttotakeadvantageofthesysteminordertobetterthemselvesmayhavebeenanaturalresponsetohavingstruggledinasocietywithmanybureaucraticbarriers.(L.76)

takeadvantageof:puttogooduse;availoneselfof

e.g.Itneveroccurredtometotakeadvantageofhim.

我决没有想到过要占他的便宜。TextStructureTheauthortalksabouteducationfromtwoperspectives:Instructor1.Studentsshouldtakeresponsibilityforlearning2.Informal,relaxedclassroomenvironmentishelpfultoleaningandinnovation.3.Relationshipsbetweeninstructorsandstudentsaredistinct.4.ProfessorsplayseveralrolesinrelationtotheirstudentsStudent1.Importanceoftrustin:studentsshouldbehonestintheirschoolwork.2.Dishonestyshouldbeavoidedsuchasplagiarism,cheating,fabrication,aidingdishonesty,falsification,etc.3.Don’tbeatthesystem!ExercisesReadingComprehensionChoosethebestansweraccordingtoTextA.1.C2.D3.B4.C5.A6.D7.B8.B9.A10.CAnswerthequestionsaccordingtoTextA.1.Theidealstudentisonewhoismotivatedtolearnforthesakeoflearning,nottheonewhoisinterestedonlyingettinghighgradesinexams.(open)2.Studentshaveeasygoingandfriendlyrelationshipwithprofessors.Professorstreatstudentsasequalswithinthelimitsoftheteacher-studentrelationship.Outsidetheclassroomtheyestablishsocialrelationships,butitdoesn'thaveanyeffectonevaluatingtheirschoolwork.3.No,he/shewon'ttreatstudentsdifferentlywhenevaluatingtheschoolwork.(open)5.(open)VocabularyChoosetheappropriatewordorexpressiontofillineachblank:B2.C3.A4.D5.C

6.C7.A8.D9.B10.CReplacetheitalicizedpartsinthefollowingsentenceswithwordsorexpressionsfromTextAthatbestkeeptheoriginalmeanings.1.motivated2.resentfulof3.compartmentalized4.tantamount5.conducive6.expelled7.violation8.Distinction9.forging10.rapportSentenceStructureA.ChangethesentencestructureswithpatternsfromTextA.1.Violationofthehonorsystemcanresultinfailingacourse.2.Manyeducatorsholdabeliefthataninformalandrelaxedclassroomenvironmentisconducivetolearning.3.TrustisanimportantexpectationinAmericaneducation.B.FillintheblankswithsentencestructuresfromTextAaccordingtotheChinese.1.abidebycontractandkeepgoodfaith2.shehasbeenaccusedofacademicplagiarism3.WehadbettertakeadvantageofthewarmerweatherClozeFillineachblankwithawordfromthebox.1.Challenge2.variety3.shared4.posted5.newspaper.6.excluded7.seek8.disoriented9.advantage10.social11.support12.initiative13.governed14.expectations15.honor16.responsibility17.anticipate18.differences19.flexibility20.enhancingWritingStyleGoodwritingclearlydefinedpurpose,aclearpoint.Supportthepointwithspecificinformation.informationisclearlyconnectedandarranged.Thewordsareappropriate,sentencesareclear,concise,emphatic,andcorrect.EssayWritingArgumentationExpositionNarrationDescriptionComparisonContrastIllustrationExemplificationCause&EffectClassificationDeductionInductionNarrationDecideonatopic

Discussthetopicwithyourteacher/professorandpeerseitherinclassorinagroupdiscussionorprivatetutorial

Brainstormseveraldifferentwaysthenarrativecango.Startwriting.

Donotstopwriting.Letyourwritingflowonwardinastreamofconsciousnesstypeofway.

Rereadtheessay.

Editforgrammarandthetechnicalrulesofwriting.

Letsomeoneelseedit/readoveryouressayforcontentandgrammar.

10ideasfornarrativeessaysLearningtoswimMostembarrassingmomentAtimewhenyousurprisedyourselfFavoritevacationLosingsomethingandfindingitAnimportantpurchaseSomethingscarythathappenedtoyouThe“goldendays,"asrememberedbyarelativeGivingawaysomethingpreciousYourworsthairdayeverARoadAccident

Therewasaroadaccidentnearourschoolgatethismorning.Iwasjustridinginonmybikethroughtheschoolgatewhen1heardaloudbangbehindme.IturnedroundandsawagreenFordcarcomeintocollisionwithablueJapanese-madecar.Thebluecarwasdrivingeast.Judgingbyitspositionontheroad,ithadtriedtoovertakeanothercar.Becauseofhiscarelessness,thedriverdidn'tcheckbeforepullingout.Asaresult,itcrashedintoagreenFordcarwhichwastravelingintheoppositedirection.ThedriverofthegreenFordwaskilledinstantlywhilethedriverofthebluecarwasbadlyinjured.Itwasnotlongbeforetheambulancearrivedandleftwiththeinjuredandthedeaddrivers.Bothcarswereseriouslydamaged.Somanypeoplegatheredtoseewhathadhappenedthatmanycars,buses,etc.werecaughtinthetrafficjam.Awholehourpassedbeforethecrowdslowlydispersed.Theaccidentwouldnothavehappenedifthedriverofthebluecarhadcheckedbeforepullingout.Hastemakes