中考英语复习定语从句

中考英语复习定语从句知识梳理011.Sheisalovelygirl.2.Ihavetwogirlfriends.3.Thegirlinpinkismydaughter.4.Ihaveapencilbox.5.Theipadthereismine.6.Theboytotaketheballismyson.7.IhaveafriendcalledBob.8.Helikesmusicthatisn'ttooloud.形容词做定语数词做定语介词短语做定语名词做定语副词做定语不定式做定语分词做定语定语从句做定语定

语主句定语从句先行词关系词SheisthesingerthatImetlastweek.①代替先行词②连接主从句②充当从句的成分that,who,whom,whose,which

where,when,why关系代词关系副词定语从句的结构关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分关系代词thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系副词whenwherewhy人或物物或句子主语、宾语宾语人或物（所属关系）人人时间状语地点状语原因状语时间地点原因主语、宾语、主语、宾语定语定语从句用法Ilikemusic

(that/which)Icandanceto.Ilikesingers

who/thatcan

writetheirownsongs.注意：1.定语从句中先行词是物，从句用that/which引导。2.定语从句中先行词是人，从句用who/that引导。语法：定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Ihave

anapple.Theapple

isred.Ihave

anapplethat/which

isred.修饰先行词anappleIlikesomefriends.

Somefriendslikesports.Ilikefrinedswho/that

likesports.修饰先行词friendsDoyoulike________?scarymovies.Ilovemoviesthat______________.

arescary（恐怖的）Doyoulike_______?dramas.Ilovemovies

that__________________.

havesadbutbeautifulstories（有悲伤却很美的故事）Doyoulike_______?documentaries.Iprefermoviesthat______________.

provideplentyofinformation（提供大量信息）Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?Ilovemusicthat/whichIcansingalongwith.WhatkindofgroupsdoesXuFeilike?Heprefersgroupsthat/whichplayquietandslowsongs.Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?Iprefermoviesthat/whichgivemesomethingtothinkabout.WhatkindofmusiciansdoesCarmenlike?Shelikesmusicianswhoplaydifferentkindsofmusic.说出下表中定语从句的先行词和关系代词。love,prefer,like是表达喜好的三个动词。Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?Ilovemusicthat/whichIcansingalongwith.WhatkindofgroupsdoesXuFeilike?Heprefersgroupsthat/whichplayquietandslowsongs.Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?Iprefermoviesthat/whichgivemesomethingtothinkabout.WhatkindofmusiciansdoesCarmenlike?Shelikesmusicianswhoplaydifferentkindsofmusic.that/which指代music，指物，作宾语，可省略that/which指代groups，指物，作主语that/which指代movies，指物，作主语who指代musicians,指人，作主语。也可以用that指代下列定语从句中的关系代词指代什么？在定语从句中作什么成分？关系代词that1.Marylikesmusic

thatisquietandgentle.

3.Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.2.Iprefermusiciansthatplaydifferentkindsofmusic.that引导定语从句时，既可以_____，也可以____，在从句中可以_____作或______。做______时可省略，做_____不可省略。指人指物主语宾语主语宾语关系代词which1.Marylikesmusic

whichisquietandgentle.

3.Thecoat(which)Iputonthedeskisblue.2.Iprefergroupswhichplaydifferentkindsofmusic.which引导定语从句时，只可以_____，在从句中可以_____作或______。做______时可省略，做_____不可省略。指物主语宾语主语宾语关系代词who/whom1.Thegirl

whooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.

3.Theman(who/whom)ImetyesterdayisMr.Hu.2.Iprefermusicianswhoplaydifferentkindsofmusic.who/whom引导定语从句时，只可以_____，who在从句中作_____，whom作______。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，作宾语可省略，who作主语时不可省。指人主语宾语关系代词whose1.Thegirl

whosemotherisapolicewomanisfromEngland.

2.Thebook

whose

coverisbrokenismine.whose引导定语从句时，既可以_____，也可以_____,在从句中可以作______。定语指人指物如何准确地翻译定语从句（1）Usuallytheygettheseimportantnutrients(营养)fromtherichsoil(土壤)inwhichthey'replanted.这句话里面的关系代词是which，被修饰的先行词是soil，在后面的定语从句里面作宾语，句中的in提前了。所以这句话的译文是：通常，它们从它们被种植的富饶土壤里面得到重要的营养物质。（2）Butthere'sanotherwaytogrowplantsthatdoesn'tusesoil.这句话里面的先行词是that，很容易找出来，that后面的那一部分是定语从句，它修饰前面的way，而不是plants。本句话的译文是：但是，有另一种不用土壤的方法来种植植物。（3）Thewaterisfilledwithspecialfoodfortheplantsthatgardenershavecarefullymeasuredandprepared.很容易找到that的所在，后面是定语从句，前面找先行词，在这里，先行词是food。找到这三部分后，我们就能翻译出来了：给植物的水里面加入园艺工人仔细称量和准备的特殊食物。4）Inordinarygardens，plantsneedtimeandenergytogrowlongrootsthatsearchthesoilforfoodandwater.这句话里面的关系代词仍然是that，后面是定语从句，前面紧挨着的roots是先行词。翻译如下：在普通的花园里，植物需要时间和能量生长出为了食物和水吸收养分的长长的根。（5）Scientistshopethat，oneday，hydrogenicgardensmaybeabletohelphungrypeopleallovertheworldgrowenoughfood-evenincountriesthathavebadsoil，orweatherthatistoohot，toocold，ortoodry.这句话很长，仍然是that作为关系代词引导的定语从句，一起来翻译一下：科学家希望，有一天，无土种植可以帮助全世界饥饿的人们生长出足够的食物——甚至在那些土壤贫瘠的国家，或是天气是太热，太冷或太干的地方。（6）AndastronautshopetotakehydrogenicgardenswiththemtothespaceshiptheyflytoMars，sothattheywillalwayshavefreshvegetables，andthefunofgrowingagardenwithoutdirt.这句话里面省略了关系代词that，它应该出现在spaceship的后面，theyflytoMars来修饰前面的spaceship。因此，翻译如下：宇航员希望带无土种植随他们飞往火星的太空飞船上，以便于他们将总是拥有新鲜的蔬菜，和无土种植的乐趣。模拟练习02()1.Theboy_____hastwolovelydogs.

A.wholivenextdoorB.whichlivesnextdoor

C.whomlivesnextdoorD.thatlivesnextdoor()2.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.

Everything________comesintosightissonewtome.

A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whom()3.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingcities________Ihaveevervisited.

A.whoB.thatC.whichD.where()4.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_____thefamousscientistwasborn?

A.where

B.inthat C.that D.which()5.Istillrememberthetime_____wespenttogetheratXisaiMountainlastyear.

A.when

B.what

C.whoD.whichFillintheblankswithwho,thatorwhich.Morethanoneanswermaybepossible.A:Hi,Cindy!WouldyouliketoseeSkyHighin2050thisweekend?B:Hmm...no,Idon’tthinkmovies__________trytodescribethefutureare