北师大版初三英语第12讲：unit-6-语法篇(教师版)

Unit6语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________理解并掌握动词不定式的用法动词不定式1.动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。2.动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?他喜欢做什么运动？—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Haveyougotanythingtosay?你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I'msorrytotroubleyou.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。(1).不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末,其结构为：It+be+adj.（+for/ofsb.）+动词不定式例如：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.学好英语是有用的。It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.对于我们来说，保护环境是重要的。注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。例如：It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好了。It’sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那样做真是太聪明了。(2).不定式作宾语①有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。例如：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看电影吗？②在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。例如：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.我发现每天读英语很容易。③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Whynotdo...,Whydon'tyoudo...,hadbetter（not）do...,wouldratherdo,could/would/willyouplease（not）do...例如：Iwouldratherstayintheroom.我宁愿待在房间里。(3).不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如：Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西让他关小收音机。tell,ask,want,allow,get,warn,wouldlike,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如：MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意：一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear,listento）、三让（let,make,have）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。例如：Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。(4).不定式作定语①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么可担心的。(5).不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。例如：Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老师正告诉学生们做什么。Hedidn'tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。1.Wehope_________theGreatWallnexttime.A.visitB.tovisit C.willvisit D.visiting2.Mumalwaystellsus_________waterindailylife.A.towasteB.nottowasteC.nottosaveD.save3.---Doyouclimbthemountainseveryday?---Yes,________alittleexercise.I’msooutofshape.A.gettingB.get C.gotD.toget4.Shewasveryglad_________heroldfriendagain.A.toseeB.seeing C.saw D.see5.Hehas________studyhard,buthedidn’tkeepit.A.promised B.promisesto C.promisedto D.promises6.Thepolicemanwarnedthechildren_________onthebusystreet.A.don’tplayB.noplayingC.nottoplayD.play7.Thenewsmadeallofus_____________.A.feelhappyB.tofeelhappyC.feelinghappyD.felthappy解析：hope希望，后面宾语用动词不定式，hopetodosth.希望做某事，题意为“我们希望下次游览长城。”故选B。2.tellsb.todosth.动词不定式的否定为“nottodo”根据题意“妈妈总是跟我说在日常生活中不要浪费水”故选B。3.根据上文问题“你每天都爬山吗？”下文为“是的，______我身材太走样了。”很容易判断出每天爬山的目的是为了锻炼身体，动词不定式作目的状语，故选D。4.begladtodosth.形容词后加动词不定式表示原因，题意为“再次见到她的老朋友她非常高兴”，故选A。5.promise后面宾语用动词不定式，该题为现在完成时，题意为“他承诺要努力学习，但没有遵守”故选C。6.warn后面宾补用动词不定式，warnsb.todosth.告诫某人某事，warnsb.nottodosth.警告某人不要做某事，题意为“警察警告小孩不要在繁华的街道上玩耍”故选C。7.make宾补用省去to的动词不定式，即，makesb.dosth.“让某人做某事，使某人做某事”，故选A。答案：1-5BBDAC6-7CA基础演练一、单项选择1.Theteachertoldthechildren_________quietinthemuseum.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep2.Don’tforget________thankswhenotherpeoplehelpyou.A.acceptB.toacceptC.sayD.tosay3.WaterParkisagoodplace________.A.tohavefunB.havefunC.havingfunD.tohaveafun4.Driversshouldn'tbeallowed________afterdrinking,ortheywillbreakthelaw.A.driveB.drivingC.todriveD.driven5.---Ifeelabithungrynow.---Whynot_______fordinnerwithus?A.goB.didyougoC.togoD.doyougo二、根据句意，用括号中动词的适当形式填空1.Tom__________________hard.(decide;study)2.Aliceis_____________________anewcar.(plan;buy)3.We________________himsomebooksyesterday.(agree;lend)4.Sheoften_______us________shoppingwithher.(ask;go)5.Theteacheralways_________thestudents________alotinclass.(make;laugh)巩固提高一、根据句意用所给单词的恰当形式填空1.Sheworkedhard_________(help)alotofpeople.2.I’msorry___________(hear)thatbadnews.3.Hewasmade__________(clean)thestreetthreetimesaday.4.Togiveisbetterthan____________(receive).5.Icannotfindroom___________(stand)inthebusintherushhour.二、根据中文提示完成句子河水过去很脏，但是现在很干净。Theriver_________________dirty.Butit’sverycleannow.2.他很自豪能成为一名篮球运动员。Heis________________________________________.他太兴奋了以至于说不出话来。Hewas_______excited_______________________sayaword.现在城市里越来越多的成年人花费空闲时间到大学去努力提高自己。Nowmoreandmorecityadults__________________improvethemselvesatcollege.幸运的是，他母亲很耐心，没有放弃帮助他。_______,hismotherwasvery__________anddidn’t___________________.6.我们正计划去北京，但还没有决定何时去。Weare___________Beijing,butwehaven’t__________________________.7.由于昨晚外面太吵，我们都发现很难入睡。Becauseitwastoonoiselastnight,weallfound________________________.8.他在听力方面有障碍。He____________________________________________________________.9.多么令人悲伤的消息啊！数以千计的人在尼泊尔地震中丧生。__________sadnews!_____________people____________intheearthquakeinNepal.10.姚明的人格帮助他赢得了球迷的尊重。YaoMing’spersonality________him______________________________.答案基础演练一、单项选择1-5DBACA二、根据句意，用括号中动词的适当形式填空1.decidedtostudy2.planningtobuy3.agreedtolend4.asks;togo5.makes;laugh巩固提高一、根据句意用所给单词的恰当形式填空1.tohelp2.tohear3.toclean4.toreceive5.tostand二、根据中文提示完成句子1.usedtobe2.proudtobeabasketballplayer3.so;thathecouldn’t4.spendtheirfreetimetryingto5.Luckily;patient;giveuphelpinghim6.planningtogoto;decidedwhentogo7.itdifficulttofallasleep8.has(had)difficultyinlistening9.What;Thousandsof;losttheirlives10.helped;winhisfans’respect一、单项选择1.Dickaskedhisbrother__________himtodohishomework.A.helpsB.helpedC.tohelpD.hashelped2.Wedon'tknow________itnext.Let’sgoandaskMr.Li.A.whattodoB.todowhatC.whethertodoD.todowhether3.It’stwelveo’clock.It’stime___________lunch.A.haveB.tohaveC.hadD.having4.Mydadusuallystops______anewspaperonhiswayafterwork.A.tobuyB.buyingC.boughtD.buy5.Ourteacheroftentellsus_______enoughsleepeveryday.A.haveB.hadC.tohaveD.having6.HewaswearingapairofsunglassesandIdidn’t_______himatfirst.A.adviseB.promiseC.recognize D.hear7.________theteachersintheschoolisonehundred,and________ofthemarewomenteachers.A.Anumberof;fourfifth B.Thenumberof;fourfifthC.Anumberof;fourfifths D.Thenumberof;fourfifths8.Thankstotherobots,thehumanreportersdonothavetospendalotoftime_______boringnumbersandinformation.A.processingB.toprocessC.processedD.process9.Ihope__________thefarmthissummerholiday.A.visitB.tovisitC.visitingD.visits10.Thebuilding_________TonytalkedaboutistheCapitalMuseum.A.who B.whomC.whichD.whose二、完形填空Parentscanbeagreatexamplefortheirchildren.Amanalwaysstandsoutondifferentcornersofourcity.Heholdsasignthat1“Willworkforfoodformyfamily”.2Idon’thavetoomuchmoneytohelphim.Manytimesmymomiswithmeandshemakesmepullover(停车)andshewill3himsomemoney.Tonight,Iwasonmywaytothestoretoget4whenIsawtheman.Mydaughterandherfriendwerewaitinginthecar.Weallfeltso5thatthismanwasstandingoutinthecold,wetweather.Manypeoplesaythatheshouldbeabletowork.Eitherway,Idon’tfeelitismyplaceto6.AsIwassharingthatfeelingwithmydaughterandherfriend,IdecidedthatIneededto7thisman.ForoneIwantedtoshowthegirlstheimportanceofhelpingothers,andnotworryingwhethertheyweretryinghardornot.Ibelievethatifheisstandingoutondifferentcornersalldayandnight,8theweatheris,hemustreallyneedthehelp.So,whenwepulledovertogivehimsomemoney,Isaid,“Godblessyou,”andhesaiditbacktous.Wegothimahotchocolateandahamburgerbecausewewereworriedabouthimbeing9.Hewassosweetandverythankful.Allofusleftwithsmiles,especiallyme!Because,aswewerepullingaway,thegirlsweretalkingaboutwaystheycould10moneytohelphimandotherslikehim.ItwasthebesttripIhadevermadetogetmilk!1.A.writes B.notices C.reads D.calls2.A.Normally B.Gradually C.Curiously D.Luckily3.A.lend B.hand C.promise D.allow4.A.chocolate B.hamburger C.bread D.milk5.A.comfortable B.dangerous C.awful D.strange6.A.park B.live C.sit D.judge7.A.leave B.help C.refuse D.teach8.A.whatever B.however C.wherever D.whenever9.A.helpless B.eager C.tired D.cold10.A.raise B.borrow C.lose D.waste答案 单项选择1-5CCBAC 6-10CDABC完形填空1-5CABDC 6-10DBADA__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、单项选择1.---Haveanicetrip!---Thanks.I’llcallyouassoonasI______there.A.willarriveB.wasarrivingC.arriveD.arrived2.---YourEnglishissogood.---Thankyou.I_______itsinceIwassixyearsold.A.learnB.havelearnedC.willlearnD.learned3.I_________thenewspaperanddidn’tfindanythinginteresting.A.lookedthroughB.lookedafterC.triedonD.triedout4.---Whatareyoulookingfor?---Mycarkey.Idon’tremember______________yesterday.A.wherewillIputitB.wheredidIputitC.whereIputitD.whereIwillputit5.---______Iaskyouaquestion,Mr.Green?---Yes,please.A.MustB.ShouldC.NeedD.May

(附：单选1-5,

北京市西城区2014—2015学年度第一学期期末试卷九年级英语)二、阅读理解AHaveyoueverheardthesaying“Don’trestonyourlaurels”?“Laurels”meanstheachievements(业绩)youhavealreadygot.Thesayingsuggeststhatyoushouldn’tbesosatisfiedwithyourachievementsthatyou’llnolongertrytoimprove.Astothissaying,MikePerhamhasset(树立)usagoodexample.MikePerhamwasbornin1992inHertfordshire,England.Mikestartedsailing(航行)attheageofseven.Whenhewas14yearsold,hesailedacrosstheAtlanticOcean,hebecametheyoungestpersontosailacrosstheAtlanticOcean.Youmightthinktheachievementsaregoodenough,butMikedoesn’tthinkso.Attheageof17,hebecametheyoungestpersontosailallbyhimselfaroundtheworldonanine-monthvoyage(航海).Mikeisnow19,andheisstilltryinghisbesttobreaktherecordsandpushhimselffurther.Forhisnextdream,heplanstoflyaroundtheworldonhisown,makinghimthefirstpersonofallagestobothsailandflyaroundtheworld.Mikewantshisachievementstoencourageyoungpeopletorealizetheirdreams.Sincehisadventures,hehastravelledwidely,andhegivesspeechesatschoolsandyouth(青年)clubsintheUK,HongKongandAustraliaonthetheme(主题)of“LivetheDream”.1.WherewasMikeborn?A.InAmerica. B.InEngland. C.InHongKong. D.InAustralia.2.WhendidMikesailacrosstheAtlanticOcean?A.Attheageof14. B.Attheageof17.C.Attheageof19. D.Attheageof7.3.What’sMike’snewdream?A.Heplanstoflyaroundtheworld. B.HewantstoflytotheAtlanticOcean.C.Heplanstogivespeechesatschools. D.Hewantstojoinyouthclubs.4.WhatdidMikeencourageyoungmantodo?A.Totravelintheworld. B.Togetgreatachievements.C.Torealizetheirdreams. D.Tosetothersagoodexample.BAmotherwantedtoencouragehersontoplaythepiano.Sheboughtticketstotheconcertofagreatpianist.Whentheeveningarrived，theyfoundtheirseatsnearthefrontoftheconcerthallandlookedatthebigpianowaitingonthestage(舞台).Soonthemotherfoundafriendtotalktoandhersonranoff.Ateighto’clock,thelightsinthehallbecameweak,andtheconcertwassettostart.Themotherbegantolookfortheboy.Then,shesawher6-year-oldsononstage.HewasonthepianobenchplayingTwinkle,TwinkleLittleStar.Themotherwasveryamazed.Beforeshecouldgethersonback,thefamouspianisthimselfwasonthestageandquicklymovedtothepiano.“Don’tstop.Keepplaying,”hesaidkindlytotheboy.Thegreatpianistreacheddownwithhislefthandandbeganfillinginthebass(低音部)partofthesong.Soon,hisrightarmreachedaroundtheothersideandplayedabeautifulpieceofmusic.Together,theoldpianistandthelittleboyimpressedpeoplewiththeirbeautifulmusic.Inallofourlives,wereceivehelpinghands—somewenotice,somewedon’t.Equallyweourselvesalsohavelotsofchancestogiveahelpinghandtoothers—sometimeswewantpeopletoknow,sometimeswedon’t.Littleofwhatweallachievecomeswithoutothers’help.Whatwereceiveweshouldgiveback.5.Themothertookhersontothepianoconcertbecause_____.A.herfriendsentthemtwoticketsB.thepianistinvitedthemthereC.shewantedtodevelophisinterestinpianoD.hersonlikedthepianistverymuch6.Whenthemotherfoundhersonplayingonstage,shefelt_____.A.happyB.encouragedC.interestedD.surprised7.Whatdidthepianistasktheboytodo?A.Togobacktohismother.B.Tokeepplayingthepiano.C.Toplaythebasspartofthesong.D.Towatchhimplayinstead.8.Whatdoesthestorytellus?A.Itisgoodtogiveahelpinghandtoothers.B.Greatpeoplealwaysliketohelpothers.C.Itisimportanttogiveachildalessononstage.D.Amothershouldtakegoodcareofherchild.COnMarch3,1887,thelivesoftwoamazingwomenwerechangedforeverwhenAnneSullivan,apooruniversitygraduate,arrivedatthehomeofthewealthyKellerfamilytoteachtheirsix-year-olddaughterHelen.Itwasadifficult

job

asHelenwasunabletosee,hearorspeakbecauseofillness.

AnnehadbeensuggestedtotheKellersbyheruniversityprofessor,aclosefriendofMr.Keller.Beforeshearrived,Anneexpectedhernewpupiltobeaquiet,weakchild.ButHelenwasnothinglikethat.WhenAnnefirstwalkedthroughtheKellers’door,theenergeticHelennearlyknockedheroverinherhurrytofeelAnne’sface,clothingand

bag.

Helenwasusedtovisitorsbringinghersweets,andangrilytriedtoforce

open

Anne’scasetotakehercandy.ButAnnecalmedherdownbyallowingHelentoplaywithherwatch.Sobeganoneofthe

most

successfulstudent-teacherrelationshipsinhistory.

AnneSullivanwasonlytwentyyearsoldwhenshebeganteachingHelen.Shehadtonotonlyteachthechildalltheusualschoolsubjects,butalsocontrolHelen’ssometimeswildbehaviour.Her

well-meaningparentsallowedHelentodoasshelikedathome.Realizingthatsuchanenvironmentwasunsuitableforlearning,AnnerequestedthatsheandHelenliveinasmallhousenearby.

A