选择性必修二《Unit 2 Bridging Cultures》单元导学案

选择性必修二《Unit2BridgingCultures》单元导学案Period1ReadingandThinking学案【学习目标】1.toreadaboutXieLei’sexperienceonanexchangeprograminLondon.2.tounderstandthestructureandthewritingstyleofthepassagewell.3.tolearnsomereadingstrategiesbyscanningandskimming.4.to

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XieLei’sexperiencesandspirits.【教学重难点】1.toreadaboutXieLei’sexperienceonanexchangeprograminLondon.2.tounderstandthestructureandthewritingstyleofthepassagewell.【学习过程】1）:读前猜测：Wheredoyouthinkthisarticleisfrom?Whatdoyouthinkthisarticleisabout?2）:Readthetextandfindouttheanswerstothefollowingquestions.What’sthepurposeofthetext?WhydidXieLeichoosetheexchangeprogramme?3WhyhasXieLeigotinvolvedinsocialactivities?4HowhasXieLeihelpedtobuildbridgesbetweenChinaandtheUK?5Whatotherchallengesdoyouthinkstudentsstudyingabroadmightface?6.Howcanstudentspreparetohandlethesechallengesbeforegoingabroad?3）Whatarethechallengesandbenefitsofstudyingabroad.challenges:benefits:4）Readandfindoutthemainideaofthewholepassageandthemainideaofeachparagraph.mainideaofthepassage:mainideaofeachparagraph:Para1Para2Para3Para4Para5Para6Para7Para85）WhydidXieLeihavethefollowingfeelings?Makesentencesusing“XieLeifelt…because…6）Completethediscourseaccordingtothegrammarrules.XieLei,a19­year­oldChinesestudent,saidgoodbyetoherfamilyandfriendsinChinaand__________(board)aplaneforLondonsixmonthsagoinordertogetabusinessqualification.Shewas__________(ambition)tosetupabusinessaftergraduation.Itwasthefirsttimethatshe__________(leave)home.Atfirst,XieLeihadtoadapttolifeinadifferentcountry.She_______（choose）tolivewithahostfamily,whocanhelpwithher__________(adapt)tothenewculture.Whenshemissedhome,shefelt__________(comfort)tohaveasecondfamily.AlsoXieLeihadtosatisfyacademicrequirements.Hertutortoldhertoacknowledge__________otherpeoplehadsaidifshecitedtheirideas,andadvisedher_______（read）lotsofinformationinordertoform__________wiseopinionofherown.Nowhalfway__________herexchangeyear,XieLeifeltmuchmoreathomeintheUK.Shesaid__________(engage)inBritishculturehadhelpedandthatshehadbeen__________(involve)insocialactivities.Shealsosaidwhilelearningaboutbusiness,shewasactingasaculturalmessenger__________（build）abridgebetweenthetwocountries.keys1.Itmaycomefromaschoolnewspaper.Itisaboutstudyingabroad.2.1.TotellustheexperiencesofaChinesestudentstudyinginLondon.2.Becauseshewantedtogetabusinessqualificationabroad.3.TolearnmoreaboutBritishculturesandintroduceChineseculturetoBritishpeople.4.First,shetriedtoadapttotheforeignculturesandfitinbyengaginginBritishcultures.Second,shespreadChineseculturetoBritishpeople.5.Racialdiscrimination,languagebarriersaboutsomeidiomsorslangsetc.Religiousconflicts.6.Tounderstandthedifferencesandtrytofitin;respectthedifferences3:challenges:adaptationtoawholenewlife;loneliness;meettheacademicrequirements;classparticipationandpresentation;balancesocialacitivitiesandstudies.benefits:Learnttoadapttothenewenvironment.BoostherconfidenceHelpherbuildastrongbusinessinherfutureActasaculturalmessengerbuildingabridge.MakenewfriendswithherpeersBemoreself-independentandaautonomouslearner.4:ThetextdescribesXieLei’sforeignlearninglifeatauniversityinLondon,includingsomeofthedifferencesandchallengessheexperiencedandhowshetackledtheproblems.Para1comingtostudyinLondonPara2herpreparationyearPara3thedifficultygettingusedtoanewwayoflifePara4benefitsoflivingwithahostfamilyPara5ChallengeforXieLei:theacademicrequirementsPara6participationinclassPara7hernewplanforsocialactivitiesPara8thereporter'sbestwishes5:“XieLeifelt…because…XieLeifeltexcitedandnervousbecausesheleftChinaforthefirsttime.XieLeifeltcomfortedbecauseshehadasecondfamilyintheUK.XieLeifeltconfusedbecauseshethoughtsheknewlessthanotherpeople.XieLeifeltsurprisedbecauseshecouldspeakupinclassafterjustafewweeks.XieLeifeltconfidentbecauseherpresentationontraditionalChineseartwasagreatsuccess.XieLeifeltathomebecauseherexchangeyearpassedhalfway.6:XieLei,a19­year­oldChinesestudent,saidgoodbyetoherfamilyandfriendsinChinaandboarded(board)aplaneforLondonsixmonthsagoinordertogetabusinessqualification.Shewasambitious(ambition)tosetupabusinessaftergraduation.Itwasthefirsttimethatshehadleft(leave)home.Atfirst,XieLeihadtoadapttolifeinadifferentcountry.Shechosetolivewithahostfamily,whocanhelpwithheradaptation(adapt)tothenewculture.Whenshemissedhome,shefeltcomforted(comfort)tohaveasecondfamily.AlsoXieLeihadtosatisfyacademicrequirements.Hertutortoldhertoacknowledgewhatotherpeoplehadsaidifshecitedtheirideas,andadvisedhertoreadlotsofinformationinordertoformawiseopinionofherown.Nowhalfwaythroughherexchangeyear,XieLeifeltmuchmoreathomeintheUK.Shesaidengaging(engage)inBritishculturehadhelpedandthatshehadbeeninvolved(involve)insocialactivities.Shealsosaidwhilelearningaboutbusiness,shewasactingasaculturalmessengerbuildingabridgebetweenthetwocountries.Period2LearningaboutLanguage导学案【学习目标】tousewordformationtoinduceandmemorizevocabulary,andtheabilitytouselexicalchunkstoexpressmeaning.tousethecorrectformofwordstocompletesentencestouselexicalchunkstoexpresslanguagecompletely,guidestudentstodrawwordsinsentencesquickly,payattentiontowordcollocation,soastoaccumulatemoreauthenticexpressions【学习过程】1:Thinkofawordthatbestfitseachdefinition.1.toremembersth____________________2.toaccept,admit,orrecognizesthorthetruth/existenceofsth______________3.theprocessofchangingsthoryourselftosuitanewsituation______________4.tomakesbfeellessworriedorunhappy______________5.astrongdesiretoachievesth______________6.anexamyouhavepassedoracourseyouhavesuccessfullycompleted_______7.tomentionsthasanexample______________8.containingmanydifferentpartsandoftendifficulttounderstand______________9.tobeactivelyinvolvedwithsth______________2:CompletethesentenceaccordingtotheChinesemeaningsandtheinitialletters.1.Heisnot_______________(成熟的）toknowhowtoactand____________(表现）insuchoccasions.2.Ican’t____________(否认）thatsocialactivities______________(占据）toomuchtime.(deny;takeup)3.Ifyoucareforotherssincerely,____________(逐渐的）theywillcometotrustyou,andyourrelationshipwillbe______________(增强).4.Sheconsideredthecurrentsituation____________(逻辑地）,anddecidedtobe____________(乐观的）abouttheoutcome.5.Mostofthe___________(申请人）forthispositionwereturneddown,buthestoodoutbecausehewasgoodat____________(合作）withothers.6.Themotherworriedaboutherdaughterwhowasstudyingabroadintotallynews__________(环境）,butshe________________(舒适，自在）becauseofthefactthatpeopletherewerefriendlyandhelpful.3:Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.ambitiousrecallqualificationaccommodationfeelathomeAyearago,IcametotheUniversityofBirminghamtoobtainabusiness______________SincethenI'vebeenlivinginuniversity_____________________withotherinternationalstudents,whichallowsmetomeetpeoplefromdiverseculturalbackgrounds.Thefirstfewweekstherewereabsolutelyoverwhelmingbecauseeverythingwassodifferentcomparedtothingsbackhome.Ifeltconfusedandlost.Ialsosufferedfromhomesickness,_____________allsortsofthingsbackhome-frommymother'scookingtotheneighbor'sdogIusedtowalk.Gradually,Iadaptedtomynewlifeasaninternationalstudent.Igotfamiliarwiththeplace--thelocalshops,clubs,andparks.Imadefriendsandbecamemoreconfidentinmystudiesdaybyday.Istarted______________inthisnewenvironment.Ibecamemoremotivated,andI'malsolotmore_____________now!1feelthatcomingherewasthebestdecisionIhaveevermade.Howdidthestudent’slifechangewhenstudyingabroadforthefirstthem?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4:Dictatethekeywordsandphrasesinthisunit.Part1:keywords:1._______________________adj.复杂的；难懂的；(语法)复合的2．n．(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历3． vt.&vi.记起；回想起4． n．追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负5． n．(英国大学中的)助教；导师；家庭教师6． n．适应；改编本7． n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸vt.安慰；抚慰8．vt.引用；引述9． vi.参加；参与10． n．报告；陈述；出示；拿出11． vi.参加；参与(活动)Part2:Keyphrases1． 大声地说；明确表态2． 舒服自在；不拘束3． (使)从事；参与4． 参与；卷入；与……有关联5． 建立；竖立6． 习惯于……7． 忍受；和……住在一起8．. 轮流做某事9． 属于某人自己的10． 也；和……一样11． 参加；参与答案1:Thinkofawordthatbestfitseachdefinition.keys:1.recall2.acknowledge3.adatation4.comfort5.ambition6.qualification7.cite7.complex8.emgage2:CompletethesentenceaccordingtotheChinesemeaningsandtheinitialletters.1.Heisnot_______________(成熟的）toknowhowtoactand____________(表现）insuchoccasions.(mature,behave)2.Ican’t____________(否认）thatsocialactivities______________(占据）toomuchtime.(deny;takeup)3.Ifyoucareforotherssincerely,____________(逐渐的）theywillcometotrustyou,andyourrelationshipwillbe______________(增强）.(gradually;strengthened,)4.Sheconsideredthecurrentsituation____________(逻辑地）,anddecidedtobe____________(乐观的）abouttheoutcome.（logically,optimistic)5.Mostofthe___________(申请人）forthispositionwereturneddown,buthestoodoutbecausehewasgoodat____________(合作）withothers.(applicants,cooperating)6.Themotherworriedaboutherdaughterwhowasstudyingabroadintotallynews__________(环境）,butshe________________(舒适，自在）becauseofthefactthatpeopletherewerefriendlyandhelpful.(surroundings,takecomfortin)

3:qualification;accommodation;recalling;feelingathome;ambitiousHowdidthestudent’slifechangewhenstudyingabroadforthefirstthem?Atfirst,thestudentfeltconfusedandlostandsufferedfromhomesickness.Gradually，thestudentadaptedtothenewlifethereasaninternationalstudent.Step4:Dictatethekeywordsandphrasesinthisunit.Part1:keywords:keys:1.complex2.qualification3.recall4.ambition5.tutor6.adaptation7.comfort8.cite9.participate10.presentation11.involvePart2:Keyphraseskeys:1.speakup2.feelathome3.engagein4.getinvolvedin5.setup6.getusedto7.livewith8.taketurnstodosth9.aswellas10.participateinPeriod3Discoveringusefulstructures复习名词性从句导学案【学习目标】1.tojudgethecompoundsentencesanddeterminethecompositionoftheclausesinthesentence.2.totrytolearngrammarbygeneralizinggrammarrules,controllingwrittenpractice,andsemi-openoraloutput.3.tosystematizethefunctionandusageofnounclause.【学习过程】1:从课文中找出更多的名词性从句，对其进行归纳，总结其语法特点。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________语法要点:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2:划出以下讲义中例句的名词性从句，并口头翻译成汉语。(一)主语从句主语从句是指在句中作主语的从句，位置与陈述句的主语相同。Whetherthesportsmeetwillbeheldisnotcertainnow.[名师点津]若主语部分结构较长，可以使用形式主语it，把真正的主语从句放于后面。Thatshewilldowellinherexamiscertain.＝Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.Howweunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.Thathehadmetakindlibrarianinthecitylibrarygaveusnosurprise.Everyyear,whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.Whathehadsaidsurprisedeveryonepresent.Itseemedthathehaddonatedallhismoneytothoseinneed.(二)宾语从句Everyoneknowsthattheearthismadeupofmatter.SheaskedmewhetherIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.Idon'tknowwhereIcanplacemyluggage．Wediscussedwhetherweshouldusethemoneytobuyanewhouse.I'mnotcertainwhetherthetrainwillarriveontime.注意：形容词后跟宾语从句的用法只限于少数动态形容词，如sure(确信)，certain(肯定)，afraid(担心)，confident(有把握的)等。注意(1)宾语从句的否定转移：think、believe、suppose、imagine等动词后的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。Idon'tthinkweneedtowastemuchtimeonit.。(形式上否定主句，实际上还是否定从句)(2)“doubt＋宾语从句”的应用。肯定句中用whether或if，否定句和疑问句中用that。Idoubtwhetherhecanpasstheexam.Idon'tdoubtthathecanpasstheexam.Doyoudoubtthathecanpasstheexam?(三)表语从句1．表语从句在复合句中作表语，出现在连系动词之后，一般结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。2．表语从句实际上是对主语进行补充说明，从句表达的是主语的内容。Thefactisthathedidn'tnoticethecaruntiltoolate.3．主句的主语是名词idea、advice、suggestion、order、request、requirement等时，表语从句应用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)haveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofsettingitaside.Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisthatonecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.名词性从句连接词(一)that、whether和if1．连接词thatthat引导从句时，本身无意义，在从句中不充当成分。但是that在引导主语从句、表语从句时，一般不能省略。例如：Thathesuddenlyfellillmadeussurprised.。Thefactisthatwearebehindothergroups.在引导宾语从句时，常被省略；但是以下两种情况除外：(1)多个并列从句出现时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略。Shesaid(that)shewouldcomehereandthatIshouldwaitforhertillMonday.(2)含有形式主语it时，放于后面的宾语从句不能省略that。Theymadeitcleartothepublicthattheydidanimportantandnecessaryjob.2．连接词whether和if(1)连接词whether/if在从句中意为“是否”，不充当成分，一般不能省略。(2)在主语从句中位于句首时只能用whether；当用it作形式主语时，whether与if都可以。Whetherhepassedtheexamwasnotcertain.＝Itwasnotcertainwhether/ifhepassedtheexam.(3)表语从句中常用whether。Thequestioniswhetherweshouldaskthemforhelp.(4)宾语从句中连接词whether和if常常可以互换。Iwonderwhether/ifhe'llagreewithme.[点津]宾语从句中用whether不用if的三种情况：(1)与ornot连用Wedon'tknowwhetherTomwillturnupatthemeetingornot.(2)位于介词之后Everythingdependsonwhetheryouareforit.(3)位于动词不定式之前Idon'tknowwhethertobelievehim.(二)连接代词what、which、who、whom和whose连接代词what、which、who、whom和whose在从句中的意义分别为“所……”“哪一个”“谁”“谁”“谁的”；在从句中起代词的作用，可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。That'swhatwehavesaid.(作宾语)Doyouknowwhichoftheboyswaslate?(作主语)Whowillcometogivethetalkisknowntousall.(作主语)Theproblemiswhomtheheadmasterwillsendtodealwithit.(作宾语)DoyouknowwhoseT­shirtitis？(作定语)[点津]连接代词what、which的区别：which引导主语从句时需要限定一个有限的、较小的范围，而what指在一个较广的范围内进行选择或者根本没有范围。Whichoftheboysbrokethewindowisalreadyknown.Idon'tknowwhatbooksthechildrencanread.(三)连接副词when、where、why和howwhen意为“何时”，在从句中作时间状语；where意为“哪里”，在从句中作地点状语；how意为“如何”，在从句中作方式状语；why意为“为什么”，在从句中作原因状语。Whenwe'llsetoffforhomehasn'tbeendecidedyet.ThatwaswhereIspentmyholiday.Nobodyknewhowshegottheprize.Thisiswhyweputoffthemeeting.(四)复合连接词whatever、whichever、whoever和whomever连接代词whatever、whichever、whoever和whomever在从句中的意义分别为“无论什么”“无论哪一个”“无论谁”“无论谁”；在从句中起代词的作用，可作主语、宾语或定语。WhateverIhaveisatyourservice.I'lltakewhicheverpictureyoudon'twant.Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Whomeveryouinvitewillbewelcome.[名师点津](1)whatever、whichever、who(m)ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；nomatterwhat、nomatterwhich、nomatterwho(m)只引导让步状语从句。Whichever/Nomatterwhichdictionaryyouwanttobuy,I'llpayforit.无(2)wherever(＝nomatterwhere);whenever(＝nomatterwhen);however(＝nomatterhow)一般引导让步状语从句。However/Nomatterhowtoughtheproblemmaybe,I'llworkitoutbymyself.三：背过以下常用句型。it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句(一)主语从句中以it作形式主语的四种常用句型1．It＋不及物动词的适当形式＋从句Itseemsthat... 好像是……Ithappenedthat... 碰巧……Itfollowsthat... 由此可见……Ithasturnedoutthat... 结果……2．It＋be＋及物动词的过去分词＋从句Itissaidthat... 据说……Itisreportedthat... 据报道……Itisbelievedthat... 人们认为……Itishopedthat... 大家希望……Ithasbeenprovedthat... 已证明……3．It＋be＋名词(词组)＋从句Itisafactthat... 事实是……Itisgoodnewsthat... ……是好消息。Itisaquestionthat... ……是个问题。Itiscommonknowledgethat...……是常识。Itisafactthatsmokingisadangertohealth.吸烟危害健康，这是事实。4．It＋be＋形容词＋从句Itisnecessarythat... 有必要……Itisclearthat... 很清楚……Itis(un)likelythat... 很(不太)可能……Itisimportantthat... 重要的是……(二)宾语从句中以it作形式宾语的两种常用句型1．带复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用it作形式宾语。Wethinkitpossiblethatyoucanfinishtheworktoday.我们认为你今天能够完成这项工作。2．表示喜欢、憎恶等心理活动的动词或短语后习惯上先跟一个形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。如：hate、enjoy、dislike、love、don'tmind、feellike、appreciate、relyon、counton、seeto、take(认为)、owe等。四：巩固练习。A.翻译句子。看起来他们会赢得这场比赛。有人建议会议应当延期。我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。B.用适当的连接词填空1．Tostartwith,_____________________IintendtostressisthatweareabouttostartournextlessoninClassroom8oftheTeachingBuildingat10a．m.nextFriday.2．___________carswillbeparkedinthefutureisaquestion.3.___________wewillhaveapicnicdependsontheweather.4．___________failsintheexamshallnotloseheart.5．Ithasnotbeendecided___________willattendthemeeting.6．Itisreported___________tanewfilmwillbeputoninthecinema.7．___________Mikedidn'tturnupatthemeetingyesterdaymadethechairmanofthemeetingunhappy.8．___________thePresidentwillattendthepartyornotiskeptasecret.9．Itisnecessary___________heshouldlearnaboutthewholematter.10．___________theysuddenlydisappearedremainsamysterynow.Period3Discoveringusefulstructures复习名词性从句导学案【学习目标】1.tojudgethecompoundsentencesanddeterminethecompositionoftheclausesinthesentence.2.totrytolearngrammarbygeneralizinggrammarrules,controllingwrittenpractice,andsemi-openoraloutput.3.tosystematizethefunctionandusageofnounclause.【学习过程】1:从课文中找出更多的名词性从句，对其进行归纳，总结其语法特点。1.Laurasaysshealwaysfeelshungrywhenshesmellsit,soItaughtherhowtocookit,too.劳拉说她一闻到它就觉得饿，所以我也教了她怎么做。2．…hertutorexplainedthatshemustacknowledgewhatotherpeoplehadsaidifshecitedtheirideas...她的导师解释说，如果她引用别人的观点，她就必须注明引用了别人所说的话。3．Whatsurprisedherwasthatshefoundherselfspeakingupinclassafterjustafewweeks.令她惊讶的是，仅仅几周后，她就发现自己敢于在课堂上发言。4.Whatseemedstrangebeforenowappearsquitenormaltoher.以前看起来很奇怪的事，现在在她看来就很正常了。语法要点:1．以上各句为主从复合句，句中使用了相当于名词作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。2．句1中says后为省略了that的宾语从句。3．句2中explained后为that连接的宾语从句，that只起连接的作用，不充当句子成分；acknowledge后为what连接的宾语从句，what在从句中充当宾语。4．句3中whatsurprisedher为what连接的主语从句，what在从句中充当主语；thatshefound...为that连接的表语从句，that只起连接的作用，不充当句子成分。5．句4中Whatseemedstrangebefore为what连接的主语从句。2:划出以下讲义中例句的名词性从句，并口头翻译成汉语。(一)主语从句主语从句是指在句中作主语的从句，位置与陈述句的主语相同。Whetherthesportsmeetwillbeheldisnotcertainnow.运动会是否将举行现在不能确定。[名师点津]若主语部分结构较长，可以使用形式主语it，把真正的主语从句放于后面。Thatshewilldowellinherexamiscertain.＝Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.她在考试中会做得好，这是确定无疑的。Howweunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.我们如何理解事物与我们的感觉有很大关系。Thathehadmetakindlibrarianinthecitylibrarygaveusnosurprise.他在市图书馆遇到了一位善良的图书管理员，这并没有使我们感到惊讶。Everyyear,whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.每年制作出最漂亮风筝的人都会在风筝节上获奖。Whathehadsaidsurprisedeveryonepresent.他所说的话让在场每一个人吃惊。Itseemedthathehaddonatedallhismoneytothoseinneed.他似乎已将所有的钱都捐给了那些需要帮助的人。(二)宾语从句Everyoneknowsthattheearthismadeupofmatter.每个人都知道地球是由物质构成的。SheaskedmewhetherIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认没有。Idon'tknowwhereIcanplacemyluggage．我不知道我的行李可以放在哪里。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldusethemoneytobuyanewhouse.我们讨论该不该用这笔钱买套新房子。I'mnotcertainwhetherthetrainwillarriveontime.我不确定火车是否将会按时到达。注意：形容词后跟宾语从句的用法只限于少数动态形容词，如sure(确信)，certain(肯定)，afraid(担心)，confident(有把握的)等。注意(1)宾语从句的否定转移：think、believe、suppose、imagine等动词后的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。Idon'tthinkweneedtowastemuchtimeonit.我想我们不必在这上面浪费太多时间。(形式上否定主句，实际上还是否定从句)(2)“doubt＋宾语从句”的应用。肯定句中用whether或if，否定句和疑问句中用that。Idoubtwhetherhecanpasstheexam.我怀疑他是否能够通过此次考试。Idon'tdoubtthathecanpasstheexam.我不怀疑他能通过此次考试。Doyoudoubtthathecanpasstheexam?你怀疑他能通过此次考试吗？(三)表语从句1．表语从句在复合句中作表语，出现在连系动词之后，一般结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。2．表语从句实际上是对主语进行补充说明，从句表达的是主语的内容。Thefactisthathedidn'tnoticethecaruntiltoolate.事实是他注意到汽车时已经太晚了。3．主句的主语是名词idea、advice、suggestion、order、request、requirement等时，表语从句应用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)haveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofsettingitaside.我的建议是我们应当讨论一下这个问题，而不是把它放在一边。Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisthatonecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.雨季最令人愉快的事情是可以完全摆脱灰尘。Thisisbecauseaboutseventy­onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.这是因为它的表面有71%被水覆盖着。名词性从句连接词(一)that、whether和if1．连接词thatthat引导从句时，本身无意义，在从句中不充当成分。但是that在引导主语从句、表语从句时，一般不能省略。例如：Thathesuddenlyfellillmadeussurprised.他突然生病让我们震惊。Thefactisthatwearebehindothergroups.事实是我们落后于其他小组。在引导宾语从句时，常被省略；但是以下两种情况除外：(1)多个并列从句出现时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略。Shesaid(that)shewouldcomehereandthatIshouldwaitforhertillMonday.她说她将会来这儿并让我等到星期一。(2)含有形式主语it时，放于后面的宾语从句不能省略that。Theymadeitcleartothepublicthattheydidanimportantandnecessaryjob.他们向公众表明：他们所做的工作重要且必不可少。2．连接词whether和if(1)连接词whether/if在从句中意为“是否”，不充当成分，一般不能省略。(2)在主语从句中位于句首时只能用whether；当用it作形式主语时，whether与if都可以。Whetherhepassedtheexamwasnotcertain.＝Itwasnotcertainwhether/ifhepassedtheexam.不确定他是否通过了考试。(3)表语从句中常用whether。Thequestioniswhetherweshouldaskthemforhelp.问题是我们是否应该向他们寻求帮助。(4)宾语从句中连接词whether和if常常可以互换。Iwonderwhether/ifhe'llagreewithme.我想知道他是否会同意我。[点津]宾语从句中用whether不用if的三种情况：(1)与ornot连用Wedon'tknowwhetherTomwillturnupatthemeetingornot.我们不知道汤姆是否会参加会议。(2)位于介词之后Everythingdependsonwhetheryouareforit.每件事情都取决于你是否赞成它。(3)位于动词不定式之前Idon'tknowwhethertobelievehim.我不知道是否该相信他。(二)连接代词what、which、who、whom和whose连接代词what、which、who、whom和whose在从句中的意义分别为“所……”“哪一个”“谁”“谁”“谁的”；在从句中起代词的作用，可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。That'swhatwehavesaid.(作宾语)那就是我们所说的话。Doyouknowwhichoftheboyswaslate?(作主语)你知道哪个男孩迟到了吗？Whowillcometogivethetalkisknowntousall.(作主语)我们都知道谁将来做报告。Theproblemiswhomtheheadmasterwillsendtodealwithit.(作宾语)问题是校长将要派谁来处理这件事情。DoyouknowwhoseT­shirtitis？(作定语)你知道这是谁的T恤衫吗？[点津]连接代词what、which的区别：which引导主语从句时需要限定一个有限的、较小的范围，而what指在一个较广的范围内进行选择或者根本没有范围。Whichoftheboysbrokethewindowisalreadyknown.已经知道是哪个男孩打破了窗户。Idon'tknowwhatbooksthechildrencanread.我不知道孩子们能读什么书。(三)连接副词when、where、why和howwhen意为“何时”，在从句中作时间状语；where意为“哪里”，在从句中作地点状语；how意为“如何”，在从句中作方式状语；why意为“为什么”，在从句中作原因状语。Whenwe'llsetoffforhomehasn'tbeendecidedyet.我们何时动身回家还没有被决定。ThatwaswhereIspentmyholiday.那就是我度假的地方。Nobodyknewhowshegottheprize.没有人知道她是如何获奖的。Thisiswhyweputoffthemeeting.这就是我们推迟会议的原因。(四)复合连接词whatever、whichever、whoever和whomever连接代词whatever、whichever、whoever和whomever在从句中的意义分别为“无论什么”“无论哪一个”“无论谁”“无论谁”；在从句中起代词的作用，可作主语、宾语或定语。WhateverIhaveisatyourservice.我所有的一切都供你使用。I'lltakewhicheverpictureyoudon'twant.我随便拿一幅你不要的画好了。Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.无论谁违反了法律都应该受到惩罚。Whomeveryouinvitewillbewelcome.你邀请的任何人都将受欢迎。[名师点津](1)whatever、whichever、who(m)ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；nomatterwhat、nomatterwhich、nomatterwho(m)只引导让步状语从句。Whichever/Nomatterwhichdictionaryyouwanttobuy,I'llpayforit.无论你想买哪本词典，我都愿意付款。(2)wherever(＝nomatterwhere);whenever(＝nomatterwhen);however(＝nomatterhow)一般引导让步状语从句。However/Nomatterhowtoughtheproblemmaybe,I'llworkitoutbymyself.无论问题可能有多难，我都会自己解决它。三：背过以下常用句型。it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句(一)主语从句中以it作形式主语的四种常用句型1．It＋不及物动词的适当形式＋从句Itseemsthat... 好像是……Ithappenedthat... 碰巧……Itfollowsthat... 由此可见……Ithasturnedoutthat... 结果……2．It＋be＋及物动词的过去分词＋从句Itissaidthat... 据说……Itisreportedthat... 据报道……Itisbelievedthat... 人们认为……Itishopedthat... 大家希望……Ithasbeenprovedthat... 已证明……3．It＋be＋名词(词组)＋从句Itisafactthat... 事实是……Itisgoodnewsthat... ……是好消息。Itisaquestionthat... ……是个问题。Itiscommonknowledgethat...……是常识。Itisafactthatsmokingisadangertohealth.吸烟危害健康，这是事实。4．It＋be＋形容词＋从句Itisnecessarythat... 有必要……Itisclearthat... 很清楚……Itis(un)likelythat... 很(不太)可能……Itisimportantthat... 重要的是……(二)宾语从句中以it作形式宾语的两种常用句型1．带复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用it作形式宾语。Wethinkitpossiblethatyoucanfinishtheworktoday.我们认为你今天能够完成这项工作。2．表示喜欢、憎恶等心理活动的动词或短语后习惯上先跟一个形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。如：hate、enjoy、dislike、love、don'tmind、feellike、appreciate、relyon、counton、seeto、take(认为)、owe等。四：巩固练习。A.翻译句子。1.Itseemsthattheywillwinthegame．看起来他们会赢得这场比赛。2.Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff．有人建议会议应当延期。3.Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。4.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。B.用适当的连接词填空1．Tostartwith,whatIintendtostressisthatweareabouttostartournextlessoninClassroom8oftheTeachingBuildingat10a．m.nextFriday.2．Wherecarswillbeparkedinthefutureisaquestion.3．Whenwewillhaveapicnicdependsontheweather.4．Whoeverfailsintheexamshallnotloseheart.5．Ithasnotbeendecidedwhowillattendthemeeting.6．Itisreportedthatanewfilmwillbeputoninthecinema.7．ThatMikedidn'tturnupatthemeetingyesterdaymadethechairmanofthemeetingunhappy.