定语从句完整版本

Grammar从句名词性从句形容词性从句主语从句宾语从句定语从句表语从句同位语从句副词性从句状语从句定语从句非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句间隔式定语从句英语句子中用来修饰名词、代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，因此也被称为形容词性从句。先行词关系词引导词即可以是人也可以是物定语从句就跟在先行词之后关系词关系代词关系副词that,which,who,whom,whose,aswhen,where,whyThebookthatIamreadingisJaneEyre.主语谓语（系动词）表语先行词定语从句HerearetwophotosthatItookonAugust7th,2009.ThesearephotosofLosAngeles.LosAngelesisaplacethatisfamousforHollywood.Everyyear,actorsandactresseswhowishtobecomefamouswillgotoHollywoodforgreatchances关系代词的用法关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。修饰人物的定语从句可以用来修饰人物的关系代词有that(在从句中作主语或宾语)，who(在从句中作主语或宾语)，whom(在从句中作宾语)，whose(在从句中作定语).1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。Ithankthewoman.Thewomanhelpsmealot.Ithankthewomanwho/thathelpsmealot.在从句中作主语2.关系代词在从句中作宾语的时候，可以被省略。ThemanwasMr.Jones.Isawhim.Theman(who/whom/that)IsawwasMr.Jones.Sheisthewoman.Itoldyouabouther.Sheisthewoman(who/whom/that)Itoldyouabout.一.引导定语从句二.在定语从句中担当成分Sheisthewoman

aboutwhomItoldyou.介词放在关系代词的前面，关系代词不可省略Sheisthewoman(who/whom/that)Itoldyouabout.Heisaman_______doesn'tcareaboutanything.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whoseThatman_______youmetyesterdayismyfather.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.whenThepoliceman_________________Ispoketoismybrother.Thepoliceman___________________IspokeismybrotherABwho/whom/thattowhom修饰事物的定语从句可以用来修饰事物的关系代词有which(在从句中作主语或宾语)，that(在从句中作主语或宾语)。1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。Thebookismine.Itisonthetable.Thebookwhich/thatisonthetableismine.Thisisoneofthebooksthatbelongtome.Thisistheonlyone

ofthebooksthatbelongstome.2.关系代词在从句中作宾语的时候，可以被省略。Themoviewasn'tverygood.Wesawitlastnight.Themovie(which/that)wesawlastnightwasn'tverygood.Themusicwasgood.Welistenedtoitlastnight.Themusic(which/that)welistenedtolastnightwasgood.Themusictowhichwelistenedlastnightwasgood.只能用that，不能用which的情况there+be的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且是物。

Therearemorethansevennovels

thatIwasaskedtoread.以Hereis（are）开头的句子。

Hereis

afilm

thatwillmoveanyone.Itistime+定语从句Itistimethatweshouldstartout当先行词是way，表示方式方法的时候，关系代词可以用that或者inwhich.Thisistheway

that/inwhichmyfatherdoeshiswork.当先行词被thelast,thevery或theonly修饰时。Thisistheonly

chance

thathecanusetopretecthimself.先行词有序数词时。Thisishisfirst

novel

thatattractsmanyreaders.当先行词被all,little,few,much,every,no,some,any,just等修饰时。Thereislittle

waterthatisleftforworkers.当先行词被最高级修饰时Thisisthebest

book

thatIhaveeverread.当先行词既有人又有物时Iknowthethingsandpersons

thattheyaretalkingabout.当先行词为anything,everything,nothing时Ihavenothing

thatisworthreading.关系词例词所修饰的先行词在从句中可作的成分省略情况关系代词who人主语、宾语作宾语时可省whom人宾语可省略which物主语、宾语作宾语时可省that人或物主语、宾语、表语作宾语时可省as人、物、事主语、宾语不省略whose人或物定语不省略关系副词when时间名词时间状语不省略where地点名词地点状语不省略why原因名词原因状语不省略定语从句中关系词的用法及分类Theman______________youmetjustnowismybrother.Theman______________iswalkingontheplaygroundismyfriend.Isthereanything_______youdon'tunderstandabouttheproblem?Alltheapples_______havegonebadshoulebeputaway.Thisistheverybook______Iamlookingfor.who/whom/thatwho/thatthatthatthatThechild_________parentsaredeadiscalledTom.whose的用法关系代词whose引导的定语从句既可以修饰人物也可以修饰事物。whose本身在从句中作定语。Thechild

whose

parentsaredead

iscalledTom.ThechildiscalledTom.Thechild'sparentsaredead.从属关系Iamstudyinginauniversity.Itsstudentscomefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Iamstudyinginauniversitywhosestudentscomefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Iknowtheman.Hisbicyclewasstolen.Iknowthemanwhosebicyclewasstolen.whose有时可用“ofwhich/whom+限定词+名词”或“限定词+名词+ofwhich/whom”替代。Iknowthemanwhosebicyclewasstolen.Iknowthemanofwhomthebicyclewasstolen.Iknowthemanthebicycleofwhomwasstolen.Iamstudyinginauniversitywhosestudentscomefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Iamstudyinginauniversityofwhichthestudentscomefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Iamstudyinginauniversitythestudentsofwhichcomefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Thisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight.Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.Thisisthescientistofwhomtheachievementsarewellknown.Thisisthescientisttheachievementsofwhomarewellknown.Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowbrokelastnight.Thisisthehousethewindowofwhichbrokelastnight.Theeggs___________Iboughtwerenotfresh.(that/which)Thefriend________cametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.who/thatThenoodles______________youcookedweredelicious.(which/that)Thehouse________windowisbrokenismine.whose修饰时间、地点、原因的定语从句当先行词是时间，地点或原因时，如果定语从句里缺少时间状语，地点状语，原因状语，就可以选用分别表示时间、地点、原因的关系副词when,where,why;如果定语从句缺少的是主语或宾语，就不能选择关系副词，而应该选择关系代词who，that，which等。Iwillrememberthetime

whenIstayedinthecountryside.先行词引导词从句：Istayedinthecountrysidestay是不及物动词，因此句子不缺少主语或宾语，考虑使用关系副词先行词：thetime，因此用表示时间的关系副词作时间状语Iwillrememberthetime

that/whichIspentinthecountryside.作宾语Iwillneverforgettheday______IfirstcametoBeijing.Iwillneverforgettheday____________IspentinHongkong.when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time,day,date,morning,night,week,year等表示时间的名词。whenwhich/thatIwillneverforgetthedayswhenwestudiedtogether.先行词thedays具体到了时间的某一天，这种情况前面往往可以使用介词on。(ontheday)Iwillneverforgetthedaysonwhichwestudiedtogether.Theyearwhentheearthquakehappenedwas1976.先行词theyear是一个大的时间，这种情况前面往往可以使用介词in。(intheyear)Theyearinwhichtheearthquakehappenedwas1976.when=inwhich/onwhichThisisthehouse

whereIwasborn.Thisisthehouse

which/thatwevisitedlastweek.Iwasborn.主谓结构不缺少主语或宾语，考虑使用关系副词。作地点状语visit及物动词缺宾语Thisistheplace_________heworks.Thisistheplace_____________wepaidavisitto(which/that)wherewhere指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等表示地点的名词。where=inwhichThisisthehouseinwhichIwasborn.Thisistheplaceinwhichheworks.Doyouknowthereason

whyhewaslate?Doyoubelieveinthereason

which/thathegivesus?hewaslate作原因状语Thereason___________hegaveyesterdayisn’tgood.(that/which)Thereason_________hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdayisn’tgood.whywhy指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason，在定语从句中作原因状语。why=forwhichDoyouknowthereasonforwhichhewaslate?Thereasonforwhichhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdayisn’tgood.关系副词和先行词的关系Istillremembertheday

whenIcamehere.

Thisisthehouse

whereIlivedlastyear.

Therearemanyreasons

whypeopleliketraveling.

ontheday=wheninthehouse=whereforthereasons=why关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词定语从句用法巧记歌诀：主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。从句仅靠先行词，系词引导要弄清。定人用who或whom，定物which当先用。关系代词有that，定人定物有本领。定时间要用when，定地点where行。关系代（副）词作成分，唯作宾语可以省。Thisisthehero(who/whom/that)weareproudof.Thisisthehero

ofwhomweareproud.(who/whom/that)weareproudof.ofwhomweareproud“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句Thisisthehero______________

weareproudofwhom/who/that做of的宾语Thisisthehero（主句）_____weareproudofwhomThisisthehero___________

weareproudofofwhom这就叫介词提前的关系代词，prep+关系代词请还原whom在从句中的位置介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin介词+关系代词的情况2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin×

×可见,who、that不能用与介词之后Arethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况3Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，指物时用which，指人时用whom，介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，有时根据句子意义的表达，或介词与先行词的搭配。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。如何确定关系代词前的介词：将定语从句还原：构成两个搭配，即