高考英语攻略大一轮复习 第三部分 写作 专题十一 概要写作试题-人教版高三英语试题

专题十一概要写作【考情探究】考点所给信息特点考情分析2019浙江6月2018浙江11月2018浙江6月2017浙江11月2017浙江6月2016浙江10月概要写作语篇类型议论文议论文轮空轮空轮空轮空话题如何有效表扬孩子建议申请者参观即将去读的大学词数342349分析解读

1.考查方式提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。2.考查能力要求考生在正确理解文章的基础上,在不改变原文中心思想的前提下,用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。概要写作的文章将主要考虑以下内容:(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;(3)上下文的连贯性;(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。3.考查趋势(1)概要写作考试的设题形式将保持稳定,选材主要是说明文和议论文;(2)文章结构比较清楚,但文章难度会稳中有升,略高于阅读理解的文章;(3)文章取材大多会来自国外报刊网站。【真题探秘】真题再现It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校园)likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There'snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren'tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou'dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon'tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn'tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It'sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors(顾问),anditwon'tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend.阅读点拨本文采用了总分结构,每一段的第一句都是主旨句,能帮助考生迅速把握文章和段落大意。1.文章大意在你申请之前参观一下大学是个好主意。2.段落大意第二段:没有理由不去参观你所在地区的学校。第三段:你应该在申请和得到录取通知书之间找到一些时间来参观学校。第四段:如果无法亲自参观的话,可以登录网站了解相关的信息。【高分作文写作过程详解】1.获取主旨大意,寻找支持信息(1)文章主旨句It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapply...(2)段落主旨句Paragraph2:There'snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Paragraph3:...youshouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschools...Paragraph4:...checkouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollege-WeekLive.(3)支持句第四段中的itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend可以看作是对段落主旨句的进一步解释和说明。2.立足文章结构,筛选主要信息本文为议论文,文章采用了总分结构,全文主旨大意是第一级信息,各段落主旨大意是第二级信息,它们必须作为主要信息写入概要。根据本文实际,段落支持信息不再写入概要。3.分析句子关系,提炼关键词本文为议论文,visitcolleges、visittheschools、checkouttheonlinecollegefairs等词语为关键词,它们是概要写作的基础和核心。4.依据逻辑关系,整合相关信息(1)可利用同位语将文章主旨句和第二段的主旨句进行整合:It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapply,especiallytheonesinyourlocalarea.(2)可利用定语从句将最后一段的段落主旨句和支持句进行整合:CheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLivethatwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecision.5.忠于原文思想,变换表达方式It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapply,especiallytheonesinyourlocalarea.→It'swiseofyoutovisitcollegesbeforeyouapply,especiallytheonesclosetoyou.6.运用衔接手段,确保行文连贯Itiswiseofyoutopayapersonalvisittocolleges,especiallytheonesclosetoyou.(使用副词especially增强了上下文之间的连贯性)参考范文五档作文Itiswiseofyoutopayapersonalvisittothecollegeyouareapplyingto,especiallytheonesclosetoyou.(要点1)Inordertoavoidmakingawrongchoice,youshouldatleastvisitthecollegesbeforegettingyouracceptanceletters.(要点2)Ifyoufinditdifficulttogetenoughtimeandmoney,itwillbehelpfultogototheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLiveandthereyoucangetthenecessaryinformation.(要点3)满分作文Itisawisechoiceforyoutovisitthecollegesyouareapplyingtoinperson,especiallytheonesthatareclosetoyou.(要点1)Inordertoavoidbeingregretful,youshouldatleastvisitthecollegesbeforegettingyouracceptanceletters.(要点2)Iftimeandmoneyareyourproblems,itwillbeofgreatbenefittogototheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLivewhereyoucangetthenecessaryinformation.(要点3)【五年高考】(2019浙江6月)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,“We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.“Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,”saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.“Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相称的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.

答案[写作提示]1.本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了如何有效表扬孩子的问题。文章结构清楚,论点明确。2.文章第一段指出过度的表扬不利于孩子的成长。第二段认为不表扬孩子也不好。第三段指出了表扬的核心:要关注过程而非结果。最后一段指出,我们要表扬孩子的努力,不必太过关注结果。3.针对此类文章最好在概要中加入主旨句,先对文章的总体内容给予介绍。Onepossibleversion:Howtopraiseourkidsisreallyasensitiveproblem.(主旨)Expertsbelievethattoomuchpraiseorpraisingthekidsinawrongwaymayhaveoppositeeffectsonchildren.(要点1)Ontheotherhand,nopraisealsodoesharmtokids'development.(要点2)Togainthebestresult,ourpraiseshouldfocusontheprocessratherthantheendproduct.(要点3)Therefore,whatweshouldpraiseisourkids'propereffort,regardlessoftheresult.(要点4)【三年模拟】A组2018—2020年模拟·基础题组Writing1(2020届山东济宁鱼台一中期中)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Smokingawholepacketofcigarettesinadayonceortwiceayearwouldcertainlymakesomeonefeelill,butprobablywouldnotkillhim.Smokingevenonecigaretteeverydayfordecades,though,mightdoso.Thatisthedifferencebetweentheacuteexposureandthechronic(慢性的)one,anditisadifferencethatmostpeopleunderstand.Whattheymaynotunderstandisthatthesamethingappliestoairpollution.Onaday-to-daybasis,theforecastsmostEuropeancitiesofferturnredonlywhenpollutionlevelsrisetoapointwheretheywillcauseimmediatediscomfort.Thatmakessense,butitmightalsomakethebadly-informedcitizensthinkthatifmostdaysintheplacewheretheylivearegreen,theairthey'rebreathingisbasicallysafe.Thismaynotbethecase.Forexample,inLondonwherethenationaldatasaidairqualitywas“good”or“verygood”fourdaysoutoffive,astudyfoundthatlevelsofNO2werealwayshigherthantheWHO'slimitofalong-termdanger.Officialdataalsofailtonoticepatternsofdifferencewithinaday.Thesecanbeimportant,becausepeoplemightbeabletochangetheirbehavioriftheyunderstoodthem.Ourstudysuggests,forexample,thatParisianswhoheadoutforworkat9a.m.andreturnat6p.m.couldreducetheiraveragedailyintakeofNO2by16%bytravelingbothwaysanhourearlier.Goingtwohoursearlierwouldcuttheintakeby28%.Thebestadviceofalltopeopleinthesecities,though,istomovetoAmerica.InNewYork,levelsofNO2were20%belowtheWHOlimit,andthatisprettytypicalofplacesintheUnitedStates,wherediesel(柴油)islesscommonthanthatinEurope.AsthewordsontheStatueofLibertysay,“Givemeyourtired,yourpoor,yourhuddled(蜷缩的)massesyearningtobreathefree.”

答案[写作提示]本文是一篇说明文。文章认为空气污染即使很轻微,长期污染也会有害健康。1.本文共分四段:第一段引出下文要谈论的话题,接下来三个段落对空气污染的话题展开论述并提出解决问题的对策。2.概要可以从每个自然段提取核心信息,组成四个要点。3.注意各个要点之间的自然衔接。Onepossibleversion:Likecigarettes,airpollutioncanbemild,butitisalsoharmfultohumanhealthinthelongterm.(要点1)Theforecastssayingdaysaregreendon'tmeantheairisabsolutelysafetobreathe.(要点2)MostEuropeancitizensarenotinformedofthedifferentpatternsofpollutionwithinaday.(要点3)ThesepeopleareadvisedtomovetoAmerica,wheretheairisquiteclean.(要点4)Writing2(2020届浙江杭州三校一模)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。ItwasoncecommontoregardBritainasasocietywithclassdistinction.Eachclasshaduniquecharacteristics.Inrecentyears,manywritershavebeguntospeakofthe“declineofclass”and“classlesssociety”inBritain.Andinmoderndayconsumersocietyeveryoneisconsideredtobemiddleclass.Butpronouncingthedeathofclassistooearly.Arecentwide-rangingstudyofpublicopinionfound90percentofpeoplestillplacingthemselvesinaparticularclass;73percentagreedthatclasswasstillavitalpartofBritishsociety;and52percentthoughttherewerestillsharpclassdifferences.Thus,classmaynotbeculturallyandpoliticallyobvious,yetitremainsanimportantpartofBritishsociety.Britainseemstohavealoveofclasses.OneunchangingaspectofaBritishperson'sclasspositionisaccent.Thewordsapersonspeaksshowherorhisclass.AstudyofBritishaccentsduringthe1970sfoundthatavoicesoundinglikeaBBCnewsreaderwasviewedasthemostattractivevoice.Mostpeoplesaidthisaccentsounded“educated”and“soft”.Theaccentsplacedatthebottominthisstudy,ontheotherhand,wereregional(地区的)cityaccents.Theseaccentswereseenas“common”and“ugly”.However,asimilarstudyofBritishaccentsintheUSturnedtheseresultsupsidedownandplacedsomeregionalaccentsasthemostattractiveandBBCEnglishastheleast.ThissuggeststhatBritishattitudestowardsaccenthavedeeprootsandarebasedonclassprejudice.Inrecentyears,however,younguppermiddle-classpeopleinLondon,havebeguntoadoptsomeregionalaccents,inordertohidetheirclassorigins.Thisisanindicationofclassbecomingunnoticed.However,the1995popsong“CommonPeople”putsforwardtheviewthatthoughamiddle-classpersonmay“wanttolivelikecommonpeople”theycanneverappreciatetherealityofaworking-classlife.

答案[写作提示]本文是一篇说明文。文章认为目前英国仍然有浓厚的阶层倾向。1.本文共分四段,每段主旨都很清楚。2.概要可以根据各个自然段来写。3.注意各个要点之间的自然衔接。Onepossibleversion:CurrentlyBritainseemstobeclasslessintheconsumersociety.(要点1)However,astudyshowsBritishstillhaveastrongsenseofclasswhichcontinuestobeacrucialpartforthem.(要点2)Whatremainsthesameisthattheaccentrepresentsaperson'sclasswhilepeople'sattitudestotheaccentarerelatedtoclassprejudice.(要点3)Nevertheless,nowadaystheyounguppermiddleclasscoveruptheiroriginswithotheraccents.(要点4)Writing3(2020届浙江嘉兴一模)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Didyouknowthat60.2%ofUSfamiliesowndogs?That'sabout50millionfamilies.Besidesbeingafaithfulcompanion,thesefriendsalsoprovidemanyhealthbenefitsthatcanbetrulylife-changingforyourfitnessandwellness.Mostdogsneedtodotheirbusinessoutsidemanytimesperday,soyouareupandmovingmoreoftenthannon-petowners.Theaveragedogownerspends300minutesperweekwalking,comparedtoanon-petowner's168minutes.Frequentdailyexerciselowersyourbloodpressureandreducesyourchancesofsufferingfromheartdisease.Yourphysicalhealthisn'ttheonlythingthatgetsbetterwithacompaniondog.Youcanalsoimproveyourmentalwell-being.Peoplesufferingfromanxietyfindithelpfultohaveadogonhandthat'shappytoprovideassistance.Youcanfindmanydogsoperatingasemotionalsupportanimals,andhelpingpeopleinstressfulsituationsfeelbetter.Ifyourdogisamoreactivetype,youcouldfindyourselftakingyourfriendallovertheplace.Ifyoutakeyourdogtotheforest,youactuallyloweryourtendencytosuffernegative(消极的)feelings.Astudydiscoveredthatthepartofthebrainthatismostactivewhenyoudealwithnegativethingscalmsdownwhenyouspendtimeamongthetrees.Thedogownershiproutineallowsyoutobuildhealthyhabitsanditalsogivesyoutheopportunitytomakesocialconnections.Dogparksarefilledwithpeopleyoushareacommoninterestwith,andthereareplentyofpeoplewholovetogivedogsafriendlypat(轻拍)duringwalks.Alloftheseareopportunitiestohavenewgreatfriendshipsandotheremotionalconnections.

答案[写作提示]本文是一篇说明文,主要说明了养狗可以使人身心健康。1.文章第一段提出观点。2.第二段至第四段分别就这个观点进行阐述。注意把握各段的核心词。Onepossibleversion:ManyUSfamilieshavedogsandthesecompanionanimalshelpimprovepeople'shealthinmanyways.(要点1)Takingthedogforawalkeverydaycontributestophysicalhealth.(要点2)Besides,dogs,whichcanofferpeopleemotionalsupportorgetthemclosetonature,bringpsychologicalbenefits.(要点3)Theyalsoprovidemorechancesofpositivesocialinteractionwithpeopleofthesameinterest.(要点4)Writing4(2020届浙江嘉兴期中)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Mostpeoplearoundtheworldareright-handed.Thisfactalsoseemstohaveheldtruethroughouthistory.In1977scientistsstudiedworksofartmadeatvarioustimesinhistory.Mostofthepeopleshownintheseworksofartareright-handed,soscientistsguessedthatright-handednesshasalwaysbeencommon.ButwhatdoLeonardodaVinci,MarieCurie,andAlbertEinsteinhaveincommon?Theywereallleft-handedalongwithotherfamouspeopleincludingBradPitt,PrinceWilliam,andBarackObama.Infact,anestimated13percentoftheworld'spopulationmaybeleft-handed.Manyresearchersclaimtohavefoundrelationshipsbetweenleft-handednessandvariousphysicalandmentalcharacteristics,suchasblondhair,blueeyes,andsleepdifficulties.Otherstudieshavefoundahigher-than-normallevelofleft-handedpeopleincertainoccupations(职业),includingprofessionalbaseballplayers,architects,aswellasprisoners.However,someoftheseconnectionsareveryweak,andothershavenotbeenproven.Whatmakesapersonbecomeright-handedratherthanleft-handed?Onesimpleideasuggeststhatpeoplenormallygetright-handednessfromtheirparents.Studieshavefoundthattworight-handedparentshaveonlya9.5-percentchanceofhavingaleft-handedchild,whiletwoleft-handedparentshavea26-percentchanceofhavingaleft-handedchild.Anothercommontheoryisthatleft-handedpeoplesuffermildbraindamageduringbirth,whichmakesthemleft-handed.Whateverthereasonsbehindit,people'sattitudestowardleft-handednesshavechangedalotovertheyears.Statisticsshowthatalthough13percentofyoungpeopleareleft-handed,onlysixpercentoftheelderlyareleft-handed.Left-handedchildrenusedtobepunisheduntiltheybeganusingtheirrighthandlikeotherchildren,buttodaypeoplewhoareleft-handedarenolongerlookeddownonnoraretheyconsideredabnormal.Formostpeopletoday,eithercaseisperfectlyacceptable.Thereareevenanumberofshopsnowsellingproductsforleft-handedpeople,suchasleft-handedcanopeners,guitars,andevenaleft-handedcamera.

答案[写作提示]本文是说明文,介绍了左撇子的比例、对左撇子的研究以及人们对左撇子的态度变化。1.本文共分四段:第一段的首句和尾句可整合成第一个要点;第二段的首句和尾句可整合成第二个要点;在第三段中提取左撇子出现的原因,作为第三个要点;将第四段的首句改写为第四个要点。2.注意各个要点之间的自然衔接。Onepossibleversion:Whilemostoftheworld'spopulationisright-handed,aminorityareleft-handed.(要点1)Manyresearchersclaimleft-handednesshassomethingtodowithphysicalandmentalfeaturesandprofessions,buttheseassumptionslacksolidevidence.(要点2)Somethinkleft-handednessisgeneticwhileothersattributeittomildbraininjuryduringbirth.(要点3)Nowadays,people'sattitudestowardleft-handednesshavechangedalotwiththewholesocietyacceptingleftiesmorethanbefore.(要点4)Writing5(2019浙江宁波二模)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Nowadays,itismostprobablethatyouhaveanelectronicdeviceloadedwithhundredsoreventhousandsofyourfavouritesongs.Atanymoment,youcanfillyourheadphoneswiththesoundsofaparticularsongthatsuitsyourmoodatthatexacttime.Musicissocommon.Buthaveyourealizedthepowerofit?Areyougettingreadyforabigsoccermatchordoyouneedtogetexcited?Maybesomehiphopwithastrongbeatwilldothetrick!Besides,youmightbereadytostudyforabigexamthenextday.Tohelpyoustudybetter,alittlebitofMozartmightmakeyourememberthingsbetter.Wemayallhavebeenmovedbyparticularsongsthatspoketousinsomesituations.Butisthereanyscientificevidenceshowingthatmusicreallyhassucheffectonpeople?Ofcourse,thereis!Scientistshavelongrecognizedthepowerofmusic.Overtheyears,manystudieshavebeendonetoexamineingreaterdepththenatureandextentoftheeffectsmusichasonpeople.ScientistsattheUniversityofMissourihavefoundthatlisteningtomusiccanhavepositiveeffectsonyourmood.Theirresearchgivesscientificcredibility(可靠性)tothebehaviorthatmanypeoplehavealreadyexperiencedontheirown:listeningtoupbeatmusiccanbrightenyourdayandboostyourmood.Otherstudieshaveshownthatupbeatmusicisn'ttheonlytypeofmusicthatcanbehelpful,however.Whenpeoplearesadorhavesufferedasenseofloss,sadmusiccanbehelpfulbecausethetoneandlyricsofthemusiccanresonate(引起共鸣)withthelisteners.Likewise,peopleunderalotofstressorexperiencingupsettingsituationscanbenefitfromlisteningtoangrymusic.Althoughangrymusicmightnothelpyouifyou'reinanormalmood,itstonecanbenefityouwhenyouaredealingwithstressfulandupsettingsituations.

答案[写作提示]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了音乐对人们的益处。文章段落清楚,要点明确。写作时以自然段为基础进行概括。Onepossibleversion:Nowadays,withmoderndevices,musictoyourtasteiseasilyaccessible.(要点1)Withitspower,musicmightbenefityouinmanyways.(要点2)Scientistshaveresearchedintothenatureandextentofmusic'seffectsonhumans.(要点3)ScientistsattheUniversityofMissourihaveprovenupbeatmusiccancheeryouup.(要点4)Besides,sadmusicandangrymusichavealsobeenfoundtobehelpful.(要点5)Writing6(2019浙江绍兴柯桥联考)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Asisknown,ifweareunitednoonecandefeatus.Butifweconstantlyhaveconflictsormisunderstandings,wemayattractoutsiderstohaveanadvantageoverus,whichmayultimatelyresultinourfailure.Unityisthesourceofstrengthandpeoplewhoareunitedhavethecapabilitytotackleanykindofsituationastheyshareeachother'sburdensandhardships.Inoldendays,manlivedalone.Hetravelledandhuntedallbyhimself,whichsometimesgaveopportunitiestofierceanimalstoattackandkillhim.Thenherealizedthatifhejoinedhandswithotherhunters,hewouldbeabletofacesomecommondangerandchallenges.Thisishowvillagesgotformed,whichlatergotdevelopedintotownsandcities.Inthesportsground,beitcricket,football,baseball,basketballoranyotherkindsofsport,aunitedteamandanappropriatestrategymayresultinthesuccessoftheteam;butifthereisaconflictoranunhealthycompetitionorunnecessarymisunderstandingamongtheteammembers,theymayinvitetheopponentstotakeadvantageoftheirshortcomingsandwinthegame.Likewise,ifthemembersofafamilystaytogetherandsupporteachotherineveryphaseoflife,nooutsidercanharmthefamily.Therewasonceanoldmanwholivedinavillagewithhisthreesons.Thesonsalwaysfoughtwitheachotherandwouldnotpayanyattentiontotheirfather.Themanfellsickandassumedthathewoulddiesoon;hewasveryworriedabouttheideathatoncehedied,peoplewouldtakeadvantageofhissons'conflicts.Hecalledallhissonsandaskedthemtobreakabundleofsticks,onebyone.Noneofthemcoulddoit.Hethenuntiedthebundleandgaveeachsticktoeachoneofthemaskingthemtobreakit,whichtheycouldveryeasilyaccomplish.Hethentoldhissonsthattheyshouldstaylikethebundleofstickssothatnoonecanbreakthem,butiftheykeeponfighting,theywillbebrokenbytheoutsiderseasily.

答案[写作提示]本文是一篇议论文。文章认为,合作就能成功。注意把握要点,可以参考部分段落中的中心句。Onepossibleversion:Itiswellknownthatunitedwestandanddividedwefall.(要点1)Inancienttimes,huntersmadejointeffortstocopewithdangerandchallenges,thusvillagesformedandlaterdevelopedintotownsandcities.(要点2)Surely,unityhasagreatsignificanceinpeople'slives—whetherinthesportsgroundorinafamily.(要点3)Thedyingman'sstoryofsticksalsoshowstheimportanceofunity.(要点4)B组2018—2020年模拟·提升题组Writing1(2020届上海华东师大第二附中开学考试)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。WhatCoffeeDoestoYourHealthCoffeecanbeconsideredoneofnature'sgreatestgifts.Itgivesmentalandemotionalclearnesswithoutharmfulsideeffects,anditcontainsawealthofnutrients.Yet,whenmostpeopledrinkcoffee,theyarenotthinkingthatthedrinkisimprovingtheirhealth.Infact,somemayevenfeelalittleguilty,sincesomebelievecoffeeisn'tgoodforthematall.Well,there'sthetruthofthematter.Coffee,likeanythingelse,canbringaboutproblemsiftoomuchisconsumed.Intheshortterm,toomuchcoffeewillcausesleepingproblemsandhighbloodpressure.Inthelongterm,toomuchcoffeewillcausestomachproblemsaswellasteethstaining.Asforthebenefits,moderateconsumptionofcoffee,whichmeansonetofourcupsaday,providesyourbodywithawealthofantioxidants(抗氧化物质).Thesesubstancesareresponsibleforeliminatingfreeradicals(自由基).Theyarethechemicalby-productsproducedanytimeyourbodydoessomething.Asmallnumberofthemcanhelpserveassomethingagainstnegativeelements,butiftheyaren'tkeptincontrol,theycancausehealthproblems.Antioxidantsensurethatthisdoesn'thappen.Thepsychologicaleffectsofcaffeinecannotbeignoredeither.Notonlydoescaffeinemakeyoumorealert,butitcanactuallyaffectyourmood.Ifyouwerefeelingdepressed,anicecupofcoffeecouldchangeyourperspective.Thestackofworkthatseemedimpossiblebeforeisn'tevenaproblemnow.Inaddition,caffeinehelpsstimulatecreativityasitspeedsupthebody'sfunctioning.That'swhycoffeeisoftenassociatedwithwritersandotherintellectualprofessions.Otherdrugstendtomakepeopledumber.Considerwhathappenswhenpeoplegetdrunkoffofalcohol.Theywon'tbefunctionalatall.Butwithcoffee,anindividualgetsapushincreativethinkingwhilestillhelpingtheirbody.Inconclusion,don'tfeelbadwhenyouaremakingyourmorningcupofcoffee.Unlikeashotofalcohol,coffeewillmakeyoufeelwonderfulwhilekeepingyouhealthy.Justremember,youdohavetoconsumeitinmoderation.

答案[写作提示]本文是说明文,主要说明了适量饮用咖啡对我们的健康有益。1.本文共分六段:第一段、第二段和第六段重点介绍了喝咖啡的好与坏,可整合为第一个要点;第三段说明了抗氧化物质对人体的好处,可作为第二个要点;第四、五两个段落重点说明了咖啡因的功能,可整合为第三个要点。2.注意各个要点之间的自然衔接。Onepossibleversion:Ifdrunkmoderately,coffeeisbeneficialtoourhealth.(要点1)Drinkingmoderatecoffee,peoplewillgetmanyantioxidants,whichensurefreeradicalsareincontrol.(要点2)Besides,thecaffeinecontainedincoffeemakespeoplemorealert,affectspeople'smoodandhelpsstimulatecreativitywithouthurtingtheirhealth.(要点3)Writing2(2020届浙江名校协作体联考)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Wealreadyknowthattheunderwaterworldisanythingbutsilent.Itisfullofnaturalsoundsproducedbyanimalsandbythemotionoftheatmosphereandwater.Buttoday'sresearchersareincreasinglyconcernedabouttheman-madenoisesunderthewater.Theyareconfusingwhalesandothermarineanimals.Althoughhearingisimportanttoallanimals,thespecialqualitiesoftheunderseaworldemphasizetheuseofsound.Underwatersoundallowsmarineanimalstogatherinformationandcommunicateatgreatdistancesandfromalldirections.Loudunderwaternoisescancausedamagetotheirhearing.Andnowadaysit'sbecomingtoomuchformarinewildlife.Evidenceshowsthatwhaleswillswimhundredsofmiles,rapidlychangetheirdepth,andevenbeachthemselvestogetawayfromthesoundsofsonar.Youmightthinklowernoises,typicallycausedbyshippingorconstruction,donotposeathreattomarineanimals.Infact,whiletheymaynotkilltheanimalsdirectly,theycandisturbtheirabilitytolocatefood,findmatesandavoidpredators(捕食性动物).ScientistslookedattheeffectsofnoisefromsmallmotorboatsoncoralreeffishattheGreatBarrierReefinAustralia.Inthelab,thefishhadbeentrainedtorecognizethesmellofthreecommonpredatorsasathreat.Somefishweretrainedinthepresenceofboatnoise,whiletheothershadtrainingwiththenaturalsoundsoftheocean.Itturnedoutthatthefirstgroupshowednofrightreactionswhenexposedtothepredators.However,theothergroupwasscared.Andundertheinfluenceofunderwaternoiseonthisgroup,only20percentoffishsurvived,comparedtoalmost70percentofunexposedfish.Humansrelyontheoceanforitsnaturalresourcesandbiodiversity.Theoceanalsoplaysanimportantroleinregulating(调节)temperatures.AsCousteausaid,“Formostofhistory,manhashadtofightnaturetosurvive;inthiscenturyheisbeginningtorealizethat,inordertosurvive,hemustprotectit.”

答案[写作提示]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人造的噪音对海洋动物的伤害,呼吁人们要保护海洋环境。文章结构清楚,自然段自成要点,概括时把握各段的核心词,忽略细节信息。Onepossibleversion:Althoughtheunderwaterworldisnotsilent,man-madesoundisdoinggreatharmtomarineanimals.(要点1)Importantasunderwatersoundistoanimalsthere,loudnoisesintheseathreatentheirnormallife.(要点2)Accordingtoscientists'research,thesurvivalrateoffishdropssharplyunde