浙江省杭州市2024届高三年级下册二模试题 英语 含解析

2023学年第二学期杭州市高三年级教学质量检测

英语试题卷

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到

答题纸上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题L5分，满分7.5分）

第二节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出

最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对

话仅读一遍。

1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

WhendidthemanvisittheNationalPark?

A.LastSeptember.B.LastDecember.C.ThisJuly.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:Didyougotothenationalparkonvacationlastyear?

M:Icouldn'tmakeitlastSeptember,butIfinallywenttherethreemonthslaterandIplantovisititagainthisJuly.

2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

WhatdoesthewomanthinkofOlivia?

A.Sheisquiet.B.Sheissociable.C.Sheistalkative.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】M:We'vegottwogirlsininourresearchgroup,MirandaandOlivia.Doyouknowthem?

W:Sure,MirandaissociableandthemosttalkativegirlI'veevermet.Butguesswhat?Oliviaisjusttheopposite.

3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

WhatwillthemandothisTuesday?

A.Attendaninterview.B.Meethisdoctor.C.Deliveraspeech.

【答案】c

【解析】

【原文】W:Hereisthisweek'sschedule,MrThomdyke,onMondaythereistheTVinterview.Yourspeechtothe

AsiasocietyisonTuesdayafternoon.ThenonWednesdayyouhaveanappointmentwithyourdoctorand...

M:WaityoumeanthevideoconferenceonTuesdayiscancelled.

4.［此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whatistheman'schiefconsiderationinchoosingthecottage?

A.Itslocation.B.Itscomfort.C.Itsfacilities.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】W:ItisjusttheholidayhomewhereIcanlookouttotheocean.

M:ThafswhyIchosethiscoastalcottage.Ithasoneofthebestseaviewsacrossthebay.

5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Wheredidtheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Attheairport.B.Intheoffice.C.Atthehotel.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】W:YoumustbeMr.Simpson,right?

M:YesIam.

W:TmCarol,Mr.Clark'ssecretary.Didyouhaveaniceflight?

M:Ohyes,thankyou.

W:Well,Mr.Clarkhastobeintheofficetodealwithsomemattersrightnow,soheaskedmetopickyouup.Now

we'llgotoholidayinnfordinnerandMisterClarkwillgostraightthererightaway.

第二节（共15小题；每小题L5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中

选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各

小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下问题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

6.Whatistheman'sattitudetowardshisjob?

A.Heistiredofthesameoldroutine.

B.Heiscuriousabouthisjobprospect.

C.Heisenthusiasticaboutthisdemandingjob.

7.Howoldistheman?

A.25.B.40.C.65.

【答案】6.C7.C

【解析】

【原文】M:I'masalesrepresentative.Ihavetraveledto45countries.

W:Whatdoesasalesrepresentativedo?

M:Salesrepresentativesellproductsorservicestopotentialbuyersandnegotiatesalesterms?Ifsaprofessionwhere

hardworkandproblemsolvingpayoff.

W:Don'tyougettiredoftravelling?

M:Notatall.IfsbeenfortyyearssinceIstartedthejob,butIstillfeellikethat25yearoldguy.

W:Luckyyou.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下问题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

8.WhatdoesthewomansuggestbuyingforAmber5shousewarming?

A.Apurplebluedress.B.Apalepinklamp.C.Palebluescentedcandles.

9.Whoarethespeakers?

A.Amber'sneighbors.B.Amber?shousesitters.C.Amber5sparents.

【答案】8.B9.C

【解析】

【原文】W:Sowhatshouldwebuyfbramber?shousewarmingthisSunday?

M:Howaboutthispurplebluedresshere?

W：No,honey,weneedtogethersomethingforhernewapartment.

M:Okay,whataboutthesepalebluescentedcandles?

W:She'sgotsomealready.Iboughtthemforherlastweek.Lookatthislamp.Palepinkisabettercolortomakeher

livingroommorecomfy,Ithink.

M:Ifsperfect,lefsgetit.Hey,Alice,whafswrong?Oh,nothing.Ijustcan'tbelieveamberisgrowingupandliving

inherownapartmentnow.Doyouthinkshe'llstillvisitus?

M:Ofcourseshewill.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下问题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

10.WhatdoesthemanknowaboutZhuozhengGarden?

A.ItwasfirstbuiltintheQingDynasty.

B.IttopstheotherclassicalgardensinSuzhou.

C.Itisabout6milesawayfromGusuDistrict.

11.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutLiuyuanGardenandTuisiGarden?

A.Theyareeightymilesapart.

B.Theyareinoppositedirections.

C.Theyarequiteclosetoeachother.

12.Whichgardenwillthemanskipthistime?

A.TuisiGarden.B.LiuyuanGarden.C.ZhuozhengGarden.

13.WhyisSuzhouMuseumworthvisiting?

A.ItisotherwiseknownastheGardenMuseum.

B.ItfeaturestheQingDynasty'sgardenlandscaping.

C.IthousesrelicsdatingbacktotheMingandQingdynasties.

【答案】10.B11.B12.A13.C

【解析】

【原文】M:Excuseme,IneedsomeinformationaboutsomeclassicalgardensofSuzhounearhere.

W:Whatwouldyouliketoknow?

M:Well,firstI'dlikedirectionstoGudistrict.IbelievethereliesthenumberoneclassicalgardeninSuzhou.Itisn*t

far,isit?

W:No,Gudistrictisaboutsixmileseastofhere,therailwaystation,andyou'reright,datingbacktotheMingdynasty,

ZhoujanggardeninGsudistrictislistedasworldheritagesiteanditisamustsee.

M:Ohgood.NowwhataboutLiuYuangardenfeaturingtheQingdynasty*sgardenlandscaping?AndIalsowantto

visitTuyseegarden.Aretheyneareachother?

W:Hmm.Well,LeoYuangardensisnorthwest,whileTuisseegardenisabouteighteenmilessoutheast.M:Eighteen

milessoutheast〉Well,maybeIwon'tgotherethistime.

W:I'drecommendvisitingthegardenmuseumnexttoZhouenangardenandthenyoumaywanttovisitthenearby

Suzhoumuseum,famousforitsabundantandrareculturalrelicsofMingandQingdynasties.

M:Isee.Good,thankyou.

W:Youarewelcome,sir.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下问题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

14.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Managingthereadingworkload.

B.Decidingwhichbookstoread.

C.Choosingtherightpenformarking.

15.Whatdoesthemanusetomarknewvocabulary?

A.Orangecolor.B.Bluecolor.C.Yellowcolor.

16.Whatistheman'ssystemformarking?

A.Hepreferstomarkaslittleaspossible.

B.Hemarksafterreadingtheentireparagraph.

C.Heusessmileyfacestoidentifyamusingareas.

【答案】14.A15.A16.B

【解析】

【原文】W:I'mstrugglingtokeepupwithallthereadingsIusuallyenduprereading,butthatfeelslikeittakes

foreverandI'mconstantlypressedfortime.Anytipsonhowtomanageit?

M:Definitelyoneessentialskillisknowinghowtomarkabook.

W:Well,howdoyoudoit?

M:First,readawholeparagraphbeforemarkinganything.Don'tmarktoomuch.Aroundtenpercentisusually

enough.AndIusedifferentcolorsfordifferentthings.Mainideasaremarkedinyellow,importantdetailsinblueand

newwordsinorange.

W:Smart.Arethereotherwaysbesidesusingcolorsformarking?

M:Absolutely.Normally,questionmarksareusedfortheconfusingpart,dashesforextranotes.Butbeforeanexam,

Iprefertochangethequestionmarkintoasmileyfacetocreateanoptimisticatmosphere.

W:Soundsgreat,rilgiveitatry,thanks.

M:Sure,letmeknowifyouneedmoretips.

听下面一段独白，回答以下问题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17.Whatisthefocusforthe2024-2025SLPprogram?

A.Academicachievements.

B.Environmentalprotection.

C.Thedevelopmentofleadership.

18.WhichsessionoftheprogramistoberunintheUSA?

A.Pre-summerprogram

B.Summerprogram

C.Post-summerprogram

19.Whatshouldtheparticipantsdoafterthesummerprogram?

A.Createafollow-upprogram.

B.Completeacademiccoursework.

C.Carryouttheircommunityengagementplans.

20.Whoareencouragedtoapplyfortheprogram?

A.OverseasstudentsstudyinginAmericanow.

B.Studentswhoareinterestedinglobalissues.

C.Studentswhohaven'tbeentoAmericabefore.

【答案】17.B18.B19.C20.C

【解析】

【原文】W:WelcometothestudentleadersprogramSLPforshort,anexcitingprograminleadershipforuptosixty

selectedstudentsbetweentheagesoftwentyand24fromallovertheworldoutsidetheUSA.Theprogramforthe

academicyear2024to2025willcenteronenvironmentalprotection.StudentsareplacedinUSuniversitieswhere

theycompleteacademiccourseworkdevelopleadershipandprojectmanagementskills.Themajorpartofthe

programisthedevelopmentofcommunityengagementplans,whereeachstudentidentifiesanissuerelatedto

environmentalissuesthattheywouldliketosolveintheircommunities.Thestudentleadersprogramisayear-long

programconsistingofthreepartspresummer,summerandpostsummer.Thesummerprogramisafour-weekin

personprogramscheduledtotakeplaceontheUScampus.Uponcompletionofthesummerprogram,studentswill

conducttheircommunityengagementplans.Preferencewillbegiventoapplicantswhohavenotpreviouslytraveled

totheUnitedStates.Joinusinshapingapromisingfuturethroughthestudentleadersprogram.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

FineArtsStudentsDeliverMagicalPerformances

Asthewinterholidaysapproach,BrookhavenSchoolstudentspresentedanarayofextraordinaryperformances

showcasingimmensetalentwithinourfineartscommunity.Fromthebandconcerttothechoralconcerts,eachevent

highlightedthededicationandexceptionalgiftsofourstudents.

TheDecember12EaglesBandConcertfilledWoodruffAuditoriumwithmelodiesthatcapturedthefestive

spirit.OnDecember14,theFoundationsChristmasChoralConcertfeaturedspiritedperformancesbyour7th

graders.ThefinaleofseasonalfineartsshowcasesoccurredonDecember18inBradyTheaterwiththeSeniorChior

Concert,spotlightinghighschoolsingers.

Ahighlyanticipatedtradition,theschool-wideHolidayAssemblyonDecember19,hostedbyesteemedFine

ArtsDepartmentChairMr.Kaminer,embodiedthetrueessenceoftheholidayseason.AngelicsongsfilledYoung

Gym,followedbyjoyouslaughterandcheersasthe^bestcostume^winnersreceivedtheirawards.Eventheyoungest

WarEagles,thechildrenintheBrookhavenEarlyLearningCenter,attendedthecelebrations.Followingthe

event,studentsmerrilyleftschoolfortheholidaybreak.

Lookingtoward2024,anticipationbuildsfortheBrookhaventheaterspringproductions.""Something

Rotten!^promiseshigh-energycomedicperformancesbytheaterstudents,whilectTuckEverlasting^assuresamoving

portrayalbytalentedFoundationsstudents.Furthermore,theBrookhavenDanceCompanywillholdtheirshowcase

April11-12inWoodruffAuditorium.Ticketswillsoonbeavailableforpurchase.

21.WhatdidthestudentsatBrookhavenSchooldobeforethewinterholidays?

A.Theyperformedmagictricks.B.Theyparticipatedincommunityservice.

C.Theygaveholidayconcerts.D.Theypresentednewtheatreproductions.

22.WhatcanwelearnaboutHolidayAssemblyonDecember19?

A.Itwasalargecelebrationwithintheschool.B.Itwasanawardpresentationforbeststudents.

C.Itfeaturedvariousfunmusicandsportsevents.D.Itwasheldonthefirstdayofthewinterholiday.

23.Whatisthetext?

A.Afineartsbrochure.B.Aschoolannouncement.

C.Aschoolnewsletter.D.Aconcertadvertisement.

【答案】21.C22.A23.C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了布鲁克海文学校的学生们呈现了一系列非凡的表演和即将到来

的春季演出的计划安排。

【21题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第——段"Asthewinterholidaysapproach,BrookhavenSchoolstudentspresentedanaray

ofextraordinaryperfonnancesshowcasingimmensetalentwithinourfineartscommunity.Fromthebandconcert

tothechoralconcerts,eacheventhighlightedthededicationandexceptionalgiftsofourstudents4随着寒假的临

近，布鲁克海文学校的学生们呈现了一系列非凡的表演，展示了我们美术界的巨大才能。从乐队音乐会到

合唱音乐会，每一场活动都突出了我们学生的奉献精神和非凡的天赋。）”可知，布鲁克海文学校的学生在

寒假前举行了假日音乐会。故选c项。

[22题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第三段“AngelicsongsfilledYoungGym,followedbyjoyouslaughterandcheersas

the“bestcostume^winnersreceivedtheirawards.EventheyoungestWarEagles,thechildrenintheBrookhaven

EarlyLearningCenter,attendedthecelebrations.（当“最佳服装”获奖者领奖时，天使般的歌声充斥着Young

Gym,随之而来的是欢乐的笑声和欢呼声。即使是最年轻的战鹰，布鲁克海文早期学习中心的孩子们，也

参加了庆祝活动。）”可推知，关于12月19日的节日集会我们能了解到的是它是学校里举行的一场盛大的

庆祝活动。故选A项。

【23题详解】

推理判断题。根据标题“FineArtsStudentsDeliverMagicalPerformances（艺术系学生表演魔术）”并分析

全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了布鲁克海文学校的学生们呈现了一系列非凡的表演和即将到来的春季演出

的计划安排，所以本文应该是一篇学校通讯。故选C项。

B

Educationin2080isdistinctivefromeducationinthe2020s.Untilabout2035,themainfunctionofeducation

systemswastosupplytheeconomywiththenextgenerationofworkers.In2080,thepurposeofeducationisthe

well-beingofsocietyandallitsmembers.Tomakethisabitmoretangibleforyou,Iwouldliketogiveanexample

ofwhatachild'seducationlookslikein2080.HernameisShemsy.Shemsyis13,andsheisconfidentandloves

learning.

Shemsydoesnotgotoschoolinthemorningbecauseschoolsasyouknowthemnolongerexist.Theinstitution

wasabolishedasitwaswidelythoughtofasmorelikeaprisonorafactorythanacreativelearningenvironment.

Schoolshavebeenreplacedwith"LearningHubs^^thatarenotrestrictedtocertainages.Theyarewhere

intergenerationallearninghappens,inlinewiththebeliefthatlearningisalifelongpursuit.

Everyyear,Shemsydesignsherlearningjourneyfbrtheyearwithahighlyattentive"teacher-citizen”.Shemsy

isactivelyengagedindesigninghereducationandhastoproposeprojectsshewouldliketobeinvolvedinto

contributetoandservehercommunity.Shealsospendslotsoftimeplayingastheroleofplayinlearninghasfinally

beenrecognizedasessentialandcoretoourhumanity.Shemsyworksalotcollaboratively.Accesstoeducationis

universal,andhighereducationinstitutionsnolongerdifferentiatethemselvesbyhowmanypeopletheyrejectyearly.

Variabilitybetweenstudentsisexpectedandleveraged（禾!J用）asyoungpeopleteachoneanotherandusetheir

differencesasasourceofstrength.Shemsynaturallyexploreswhatsheiscuriousaboutatapaceshesets.Shestill

hassomeclassestotakethataremandatoryforchildrenglobally:BeingHumanandtheHistoryofHumanity.

Weinviteyoutothinkaboutyourvisionforeducationintheyear2080,whatdoesitlooklike,whodoesit

serve,andhowdoesittransformoursocieties?

24.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytellus?

A.Therearedifferenttypesofeducation.

B.Thepresenteducationneedsimprovements.

C.Educationandeconomyarecloselyassociated.

D.Thegoaloffutureeducationisfundamentallydifferent.

25.WhatdoweknowabouttheLearningHubthatShemsygoesto?

A.Itacceptsstudentsofallages.B.Itpromotescompetition.

C.Itdiscouragesindividualizedlearning.D.Itisallaboutplay-basedlearning.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mandatory“inparagraph3mean?

A.Tough.B.Satisfactory.C.Optional.D.Required.

27.Whatisthesuitabletitleforthetext?

A.AnExampletoAllB.AVisionforEducation

C.AChallengeforEducationD.AJourneyintotheFuture

【答案】24D25.A26.D27.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是对2080年的教育的展望。

【24题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段"Untilabout2035,themainfunctionofeducationsystemswastosupplytheeconomy

withthenextgenerationofworkers.In2080,thepurposeofeducationisthewell-beingofsocietyandallits

members.（直到2035年左右，教育系统的主要功能是为经济提供下一代工人。在2080年，教育的目的是社

会及其所有成员的福祉。）”可知，第一段主要告诉我们未来教育的目标是完全不同的。故选D。

[25题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段"Schoolshavebeenreplacedwith"LearningHubs,?thatarenotrestrictedtocertain

ages.（学校已经被不受年龄限制的“学习中心”所取代。）”可知，Shemsy去的学习中心接受所有年龄的学

生。故选A。

[26题详解】

词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段"BeingHumanandtheHistoryofHumanity（做人和人类历史）”可知，做人和

人类历史应该是全球儿童必修的课程，戈!J线词mandatory的意思是“必修的"，和required意思相近，故

选D。

[27题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In2080,thepurposeofeducationisthewell-beingofsocietyandall

itsmembers.Tomakethisabitmoretangibleforyou,Iwouldliketogiveanexampleofwhatachild'seducation

lookslikein2080.（在2080年，教育的目的是社会及其所有成员的福祉。为了让你们更明白这一点，我想举

一个2080年儿童教育的例子。）”可知，本文主要介绍的是对2080年的教育的展望，因此最恰当的标题是

B选项“AVisionforEducation（教育远景）”。故选B。

C

Anyschoolchildknowsthatawhalebreathesthroughitsblowhole.Fewerknowthatablowholeisanostril（鼻

孑L）slightlychangedbyevolutionintoaformmoreusefulforamammalthatspendsitslifeatsea.Andonlya

dedicatedexpertwouldknowthatwhiletoothedwhales,suchasspermwhales,haveonehole,baleen（鲸须）whales,

suchashumpbackandRicewhales,havetwo.

Evenamongthebaleenwhales,theplacingofthosenostrilsdiffers.Insomespeciestheyareclosetogether.In

others,theyaremuchfurtherapart.InapaperpublishedinBiologyLettersConorRyan,amarinebiologistatthe

ScottishAssociationforMarineScience,suggestswhythatmightbe.Havingtwonostrils,heargues,helpswhales

smellinstereo（立体空间）.

Manytypesofbaleenwhaleseattinyanimalsknownaszooplankton（浮游动物）,whichtheycatchbyfiltering

（过滤）themfromseawaterusingthesheetsoffibrousbaleenthathavereplacedteethintheirmouths.Buttoeat

somethingyoufirsthavetofindit.Toothedwhalesdonothuntbyscent.Infact,theolfactorybulb-thepartofthe

brainthatprocessessmell-isabsentinsuchcreatures.Butbaleenwhalesstillhaveolfactorybulbs,whichsuggests

smellremainsimportant.Andscentcanindeedgivezooplanktonaway.Zooplanktonliketoeatothertinycreatures

calledphytoplankton（浮游植物）.Whentheseareunderattack,theyreleaseaspecialgascalleddimethylsulphide,

whichinturnattractsbaleenwhales.

Mostanimalshavestereoscopicsenses.Havingtwoeyes,forinstance,allowsananimaltocomparetheimages

fromeachinordertoperceivedepth.Havingtwoearsletsthemlocatethedirectionfromwhichasoundiscoming.

DrRyantheorizedthatpairedblowholesmightbringbaleenwhalesthesamesortsofbenefits.

Thefartherapartthesensoryorgansare,themoreinformationcanbeextractedbytheanimalthatbearsthem.

Theresearchersuseddronestophotographthenostrilsof143whalesbelongingto14differentspecies.Sureenough,

baleenwhalesthatofteneatzooplankton,suchastheNorthAtlanticrightwhale,havenostrilsthatarefartherapart

thandothose,suchashumpbackwhales,thateatzooplanktonoccasionally.Besidesallowingthemtobreathe,it

seemsthatsomewhalesusetheirblowholestodetermineinwhichdirectiondinnerlies.

28.Whatdoweknowaboutwhales9nostrilsaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Theyareadaptedones.B.Theyaredevelopedmerelyforsmell.

C.Theyarenoteasytodetect.D.Theyarefixeduniversallyinnumbers.

29.Whatplaysarolewhenbaleenwhaleshuntzooplankton?

A.Theteeththatbaleenwhaleshave.

B.Thesmellthatphytoplanktonsend.

C.Thesoundwavesthatzooplanktoncreate.

D.Thechemicalsignalsthatzooplanktongiveoff.

30.Howistheconceptofstereoscopicsensesexplainedinparagraph4?

A.Byquotingatheory.B.Byusingexamples.

CBymakingcontrast.D.Bymakinginferences.

31.Whatisthepositionofnostrilsrelatedtoaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Thesenseofsmell.B.Thepossibilitytoattractfood.

C.Theabilitytolocatefood.D.Theabilitytocommunicate.

【答案】28.A29.B30.B31.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是关于须鲸的鼻孔的相关知识。

[28题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段"Fewerknowthatablowholeisanostril（鼻孔）slightlychangedbyevolutionintoa

formmoreusefulforamammalthatspendsitslifeatsea.（很少有人知道，呼吸孔是一种经过轻微进化的鼻孔，

对于在海洋中生活的哺乳动物来说，它的形式更有用）”可知，根据前两段，鲸鱼的鼻孔是调整过的，故选

[29题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段“Whentheseareunderattack,theyreleaseaspecialgascalleddimethylsulphide,

whichinturnattractsbaleenwhales.（当它们受到攻击时，它们会释放一种叫做二甲硫的特殊气体，反过来吸

引须鲸）”可知，当须鲸捕食浮游动物时，浮游植物散发的气味起了作用。故选B。

[30题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段“Havingtwoeyes,forinstance,allowsananimaltocomparetheimagesfromeachin

ordertoperceivedepth.Havingtwoearsletsthemlocatethedirectionfromwhichasoundiscoming.（例如，有两

只眼睛的动物可以通过比较来自每只眼睛的图像来感知深度。它们有两只耳朵，可以确定声音传来的方

向）”可知，第四段通过举例解释立体感觉的概念。故选B。

[31题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段uBesidesallowingthemtobreathe,itseemsthatsomewhalesusetheirblowholesto

determineinwhichdirectiondinnerlies.(除了让它们呼吸外，一些鲸鱼似乎还用它们的气孔来确定晚餐在哪

个方向)”可知，鼻孔的位置与定位食物的能力有关。故选C。

D

Isforgivenessagainstourhumannature?Toanswerourquestionweneedtoaskafurtherquestion:Whatis

theessenceofourhumanity?Forthesakeofsimplicity,peopleconsidertwodistinctlydifferentviewsofhumanity.

Thefirstviewinvolvesdominanceandpower.Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)made

theinterestingclaimthathumans'essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Thosewhoforgiveare

againsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingasthey

offermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.

Thesecondviewinvolvesthethemeofcooperation,mutualrespect,andevenloveasthebasisofwhoweare

ashumans.Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandofferloveto

others.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Evencommonsense

stronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.Forexample,how

wellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?

Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicaland

psychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shown

throughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycle

ofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyourloveandforgivenessandare

preparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnectpeople.

Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaClassicalphilosophicalperspective,thatofAristotle,weseethedistinction

betweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththe

potentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,itsactualappropriationin

conflictsituations,developswithpractice.

32.WhatisDroll'sideaaboutforgiveness?

A.Peopleshouldoffermercytoothers.

B.Aggressivepeopleshouldlearntoforgive.

C.Forgivenessdependsonthenatureofhumanity.

D.Peoplewhoforgivecanhavetheirownwelfareaffected.

33.Whatdoestheexampleinparagraph2illustrate?

A.Toforgiveistolove.B.Todominateistoharm.

C.Tofightistogrow.D.Togiveistoreceive.

34.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardforgiveness?

A.Favorable.B.Reserved.C.Objective.D.Skeptical.

35.Whatismessageofthelastparagraph?

A.Forgivenessisinournature.B.Forgivenessgrowswithtime.

C.Ittakespracticetoforgive.D.Actualityisbasedonpotentiality.

【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过

对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。

【32题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll（1984）madethe

interestingclaimthathumans'essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Thosewhoforgiveare

againsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingasthey

offermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.（在一篇关于宽恕心理学的早期论文中，Droll（1984）

提出了一个有趣的观点，即人类的本质比宽恕所允许的更具攻击性。那些宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他

们造成了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福，而这些人可能会

利用他们。）”可知，Droll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，他认为宽恕者在向

他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选D。

【33题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第二段所举例子上文"Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedboth

toreceivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinour

livescanfallapart.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakefor

harmoniousinteractions.（研究人员发现，为了全面成长为人类，我们既需要从别人那里接受爱，也需要向别

人提供爱。没有爱，我们与生活中各种各样的人的联系就会破裂。甚至常识也强烈表明，控制他人的意愿并

不会促成和谐的互动。）”可知，没有爱，我们与他人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的

互动；奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦。"Forexample,howwell

hasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?（例如，奴隶制作为社会和谐的一种模式发挥了多大的作用？）”

通过以奴隶社会举例，以反问的方式，来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸

福，即控制就是伤害。故选B。

【34题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段"Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysa

keyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneofthe

outcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandtherestorationofharmony.

Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyour

loveandforgivenessandarepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrela