高中英语必修1Unit5Section1课时达标训练

话题背景抢先知HowtogetchildreninterestedinscienceIt'sespeciallyfunandeasytotakepartinyourchild'sscienceeducation.Youdon'tneedtobeascientist,orhavelotsoffactsinyourhead.Allyouneedisaloveofdiscovery.Showyourchildthatit'sgoodtobecuriousandtoaskquestions.Thiswillgivehimconfidenceinhisownabilitytoexplore.Herearesomewaystogetinvolved：BetheexampleShowhimhowcuriousyouare.Letyourownsenseofdiscoveryguideyourexploration.Showanattitudeofopennesstolearning.Showthefunofexplorationandthejoyoflearningnewthings.PointitoutScienceisallaroundyou.Findfunwaysofshowingyourchildthescienceofhereverydaylife.It'sincooking,cleaning,buildingafireinthefireplace.It'sintheyard,thegarageandthebasement.Thenightsky,themorningdew,therisingandsettingofthemoonandsun;it'sallscience.TeachobservationChildrenaresurroundedwithnewinformation.Itcanbealottotakein.Butthey'realwayslooking,andalwayslistening.Teachyourchildtopaycloserattentiontodetails.Whenheseessomethingnew,askhimtonoticethesize,theshape,thecolor,thesmell,andthesound.Teachhimtotakeamomenttonoticethings.Youcanevenencouragehimtotakenotesofthethingsheseeseachday.,[阅读障碍词]discoveryn．发现，发觉；被发现的事物confidencen．信心；信任；秘密explorev．勘查；探索attituden.态度；看法surroundvt.包围，围绕observationn．观察encouragevt.促进；支持；鼓励Ⅰ.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1．conclusionA．普通的；平常的2．reactB．阶段；时期3．mixtureC．膨胀4．electricityD．液体5．floatE．设备；装备6．expandF．煮；煮沸7．ordinaryG．结论8．boilH．反应9．equipmentI．电10．liquidJ．收缩11．contractK．漂浮12．stageL．混合物答案：1～6GHLIKC7～12AFEDJBⅡ.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.1．YouknowthefirstthingIthoughtofwhenIwokeup?想起；想到2．Theyneedtointerviewsomepeopleandfindoutiftheyliketheirjobs._查明3．Hehadevenbeenkeptoutofschoolduringthebusiestseasons.置身于外4．Hehurriedmeintoputtingmyownhouseinorderfirst.整理5．Inconclusion,Iwishthismeetingeverysuccess.最后6．Ironreactswithwaterandairtoproducerust.与……发生反应7．Doyouwanttoaddyournametothelist?把……加到……Matchthefollowingobjectswiththeirnames.A．crucibleB．beaker&glassrodC．alcoholburnerD．microscopeE．tongsF．testtubeG．balance答案：①～⑦EDBCFGAⅠ.Fastreading1．SkimthepassageAandwritedownthemainideaofit.The_reaction_of_metals_with_different_substances.2．SkimpassageBandwritedownthemainideaofeachpart.(1)Part1Iron_in_dry_air．(2)Part2Iron_in_air­free_water．(3)Part3Iron_in_ordinary_water．Ⅱ.Careful­readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.PassageA1．Thefirstsentence“Itishardtothinkofaworldwithoutmetals.”willmakeusthink_______．A．metalsmakeuptheworldB．metalsplayagreatlyimportantroleintheworldC．therewouldbenoworldiftherewerenometalsD．itisdifficultforustoliveintheworldofmetals2．Thetableinthepassageisarrangedinorderof________．A．metalkindsB．reactionactivitiesC．valuesofmetalD．thefirstlettersofthewords3．Anoxideisa________．A．newkindofmetalsB．kindofgasesC．productofthereactionD．factor(因素)ofachemicalreaction4．Accordingtothetable,whichmetalismostsuitabletomakeourdailykitchenware(厨房)?A．Zinc.B．Iron.C．Copper.D．Magnesium.PassageB5．WhichisNOTtheapparatus(仪器)thatisrequiredintheexperimentof“Ironindryair”？A．Cottonwool.B．Oil.C．Ironnails.D．Testtubeholder.6．Whichisrequiredasoneoftheapparatusintheexperimentof“Ironinordinarywater”？A．Oil.B．Cotton.C．Bunsenburner.D．Testtubeholder.7．Thepurposeofthesethreeexperimentsistofindouthow________．A．ironreactswithwaterandairB．importantironisC．dotheexperimentofiron'sreactionwithwaterandairD．tokeepironrustless答案：1～4BBCC5～7BDDⅢ.StudyreadingAnalyzethedifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Differentmetalshavedifferentuses,forexample,steelisusedincars,andironisusedinelectricalequipment.[句式分析]在该句中forexample为插入语，后面接的是由并列连词and连接的两个简单句，其中两个简单句中“主语＋isused...”是被动语态。[尝试翻译]不同的金属有不同的用途，比如，钢材被用于汽车中，铁被用于电器设备中。2．Whenweusemetals,itisimportanttoknowhowtheyreactwithdifferentsubstances,forexample,waterandoxygen.[句式分析]Whenweusemetals是时间状语从句，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后边的动词不定式toknowhow...。[尝试翻译]当我们使用金属时，了解它们与不同的物质如何反应很重要，比如，水和氧气。3．Hereisatablewiththemetalsthatreactmostatthetop,andthemetalsthatreactleastatthebottom.[句式分析]此句为倒装句。here置于句首，主语为名词，此时要将谓语动词放在主语前构成倒装。两个that从句都是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词metals。atthetop和atthebottom在句中作宾补。[尝试翻译]这里有一个表格，反应最强的金属在上面，反应最弱的在下面。[对应学生课时达标训练(十七)]阅读理解AChemicalChangeandPhysicalChangeTherearetwokindsofchanges—chemicalchangeandphysicalchange.Inachemicalchange,thereisalwaysanewsubstanceformed.Breakingupwaterintohydrogenandoxygenisachemicalchange.Ineachofthechemicalchangeatleastonenewsubstanceisformed.Achangeisnotachemicalchangeifitdoesn'tformanewsubstance.Physicalchangesareverymon,too.Therearemanyexamples.Youcanmakeaphysicalchangebytearingapieceofpaperintotwo,orbycuttingapieceofironwithlathe(机床).Herepaperisstillpaper,andtheironisstilliron.Anotherwayofmakingphysicalchangeisdissolvingsomethinginwater.Whenyoudissolvesaltinwater,thesaltdisappears.Youmaythinkthatanewsubstancehasbeenformed.Butreallythereisnonewsubstance.Thesaltisstillsalt.Youcanstilltasteit.Sothedissolvingofanythingisaphysicalchange.Whenwaterfreezes,thechangeisalsoaphysicalone.Thewaterchangesfromliquidtosolid,butitisstillthesamesubstance.Thatiswhythefreezingofanythingisaphysicalchange.语篇解读：本文主要讲了两种变化——化学变化和物理变化。1．Thedissolvingofsaltinwateris________．A．aphysicalchangeB．achemicalchangeC．hydrogenandoxygenD．breakingup解析：选A细节理解题。根据文章第四段，尤其是最后一句可知：溶解任何东西都是物理变化。2．Thechangeofthethreestatesofwateris________．A．achemicalchangeB．differentsubstancesC．aphysicalchangeD．thesamestate解析：选C细节理解题。从文章最后一段得知水从液体变为固体或变为气体，并没有生成一种新的物质，仍是同一种物质，因此水的三种形态变化属于物理变化。3．Wecanseparateachemicalchangefromaphysicaloneby________．A．thechangeofshapeB．thechangeofcolorC．newly­producedsmokeD．newly­formedsubstances解析：选D推理判断题。由第二段可知在化学变化中有新物质产生，只要没有新物质产生就不是化学变化。由此得知：判断是化学变化还是物理变化的依据是看是否有新物质产生。4．Ifyouchangewaterintohydrogen,itis________．A．aphysicalchangeB．achemicalchangeC．aphysicalandchemicalchangeD．notachange解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段可知：把水分解成氢气和氧气，是一个化学变化。BTherearemanyinterestingscienceexperimentsoutthereforyoungkids.Youcanwowyourfriendsandteacherswiththem.Allyouhavetodoistoputalittleeffortintoitandyoushouldhavenoproblemingupwithaninterestingscienceexperiment.Onesuchexperimentistoshowyourfriendsandteachersthatyoucanmakemothballs(樟脑丸)dance!Ifyouwanttodoit,first,besurethatyouhavegotallthenecessarysciencekitsforyourscienceexperiment.Whatyouneedforthisexperimentisaglassfilledhalffullwithwater.Addalittlebitofvinegar(醋)toyourglassofwater,about1/3or1/4ofacup(60ml),andoneteaspoon(10ml)ofbakingsoda,andthencarefullystirthemixture.Dropafewmothballsintotheglassandhaveyouraudiencewatch.Aslongasthesurfacesofthemothballsbeefairlyrough,theyshouldbegintobounceupanddownintheglass.Youcanalsodoasimilarexperimentwithraisins(葡萄干)andclearpop,_suchasSprite.Inthisexperiment,allyouhavetodoistofillaglasswithSpriteanddropafewraisinsintoit.TheraisinsshouldbegintobounceupanddownintheglassofSprite.YoucanalsoreplacetheraisinswithmothballsandyoushouldgetthesameeffectintheSprite.ThisprojectworksbecausetheirregularsurfacesofthemothballsandtheraisinsholdsomeCO2bubbles(气泡),causingthemtobounceupanddowninadancingmotion.语篇解读：文章向我们介绍了如何做简单且有趣的科学实验。5．Thewriterwrotethispassageto________．A．explainwhysomescienceexperimentsareeasyB．encouragepeopletospendmoretimeonscienceC．tellushowgoodheisatdoingscienceexperimentsD．teachkidshowtodoaneasyandinterestingscienceexperiment解析：选D作者意图题。通读全文，可知作者主要向我们介绍怎么做一个简单而有趣的科学实验，故选D。6．Whatisthemostprobablenameoftheexperiment?A．Producingmothballs.B．Dancingmothballs.C．Changingmothballs.D．Swimmingmothballs.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段的“Onesuchexperimentistoshowyourfriendsandteachersthatyoucanmakemothballs(樟脑丸)dance！”可知选“跳舞的樟脑丸”最好。7．Whichofthefollowingthingsareneededintheexperiment?a．bakingsodab．waterc．mothballsd．salte．vinegarf．sugarA．bcefB．acdeC．abcdD．abce解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段的“aglassfilledhalffullwithwater.Addalittlebitofvinegar(醋)toyourglassofwater,about1/3or1/4ofacup(60ml),andoneteaspoon(10ml)ofbakingsoda”可知应选D。8．Theunderlinedword“pop”inParagraph4probablyrefersto“________”．A．amothballB．akindofvinegarC．adrinkwithbubblesD．aspecialkindofraisin解析：选C词义猜测题。根据画线词后“suchasSprite”以及“holdsomeCO2bubbles”可知pop在这里是指含有二氧化碳的饮料。CMonthlyTalksatLondonCanalMuseumOurmonthlytalksstartat19：30onthefirstThursdayofeachmonthexceptAugust.Admissionisatnormalchargesandyoudon'tneedtobook.Theyendaround21：00.November7thTheCanalPioneers,byChrisLewis.JamesBrindleyisrecognizedasoneoftheleadingearlycanalengineers.Hewasalsoamajorplayerintrainingothersintheartofcanalplanningandbuilding.ChrisLewiswillexplainhowBrindleymadesuchapositivecontributiontotheeducationofthatgroupofearly“civilengineers”.December5thIcefortheMetropolis,byMalcolmTucker.Wellbeforethearrivaloffreezers,therewasademandforiceforfoodpreservationandcatering,Malcolmwillexplainthehistoryofimportingnaturaliceandthetechnologyofbuildingicewells,andhowLondon'sicetradegrew.February6thAnUpdateontheCotswordCanals,byLizPayne.TheSmoudwaterCanalismovingtowardsreopening.TheThamesandSevernCanalwilltakealittlelonger.Wewillhaveareportonthepresentstateofplay.March6thEyotsandAits­ThamesIslands,byMirandaVickers.TheThameshadmanyislands.Mirandahasundertakenareviewofallofthem.Shewilltellusaboutthoseofgreatestinterest.Onlinebookings：.uk/bookMoreinto：.uk/whatsonLondonCanalMuseum12－13NewWharfRoad,LondonNI9RT.ukcanalmuseum.mobiTel:02077130836语篇解读：文章主要介绍了在伦敦运河博物馆每个月的讲座安排。内容包括讲座的时间、做讲座的人以及讲座内容的简介。9．WhenisthetalkonJamesBrindley?A．February6th.B．March6th.C．November7th.D．December5th.解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“JamesBrindleyisrecognizedasoneoftheleadingearlycanalengineers.”可知所对应的日期是November7th，故选C。10．WhatisthetopicofthetalkinFebruary?A．TheCanalPioneers.B．IcefortheMetropolis.C．EyotsandAits­ThamesIslands.D．AnUpdateontheCotswordCanals.解析：选D细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“AnUpdateontheCotswordCanals,byLizPayne.TheSmoudwaterCanalismovingtowardsreopening.”可以得出答案，故选D。11．WhowillgivethetalkontheislandsintheThames?A．MirandaVickers.B．MalcolmTucker.C．ChrisLewis.D．LizPayne.解析：选A细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句“EyotsandAits­ThamesIslands,byMirandaVickers.”可知做报告的人是MirandaVickers，故选A。eq\a\vs4\al([课文对译])PassageAItishardtothinkofaworldwithoutmetals.Differentmetalshavedifferentuses,forexample,steelisusedincars,andironisusedinelectricalequipment.Whenweusemetals,itisimportanttoknowhowtheyreactwithdifferentsubstances,forexample,waterandoxygen.Thereactionofmetalswiththesesubstancescanbeputinorder.Hereisatablewiththemetalsthatreactmostatthetop,andthemetalsthatreactleastatthebottom.MetalHeatedinoxygenReactionwithwaterorsteamPotassiumBurnstoformanoxide*ReactingwithcoldwaterSodiumCalciumMagnesiumReactingwithsteamAluminiumZincIronReactsslowlyPartialreactionCopperPartialreactionNoreaction*anoxide＝anothersubstance＋oxygenPassageBASimpleScientificExperimentBelowisadescriptionofasimplescientificexperiment.Itshowsushowironreactswithairandwithwater.Aim：Tofindoutifironrusts(a)indryair;(b)inwaterthathasnoairinit(air­freewater)；(c)inordinarywater.Apparatus：3cleanironnails;testtubes;testtubeholder;cottonwool;oil;Bunsenburner.IronindryairMethod(1)Putsomeironnailsatthebottomofatesttube