英语（人教版选修8）练习Unit3Section1WarmingUpReadingPre­reading（活页作业）

活页作业(七)Ⅰ.阅读理解Today，bicyclesareelegantlysimplemachinesthataremonaroundtheworld.Manypeopleridebicyclesforrecreation，whereasothersusethemasameansoftransportation.ThefirstbicyclewasinventedinGermanyin1818.Becauseitwasmadeofwood，itwasn’tverystrongnordidithavepedals(脚踏板)．Ridersmoveditbypushingtheirfeetagainsttheground.In1839，KirkpatrickMacmillan，aScottishblacksmith，inventedamuchbetterbicycle.Macmillan’smachinehadironcoveredwheelstokeepthemfromgettingworndown.Healsousedfoot­operatedlevers，similartopedals，sohisbicyclecouldberiddenataquickpace.Itdidn’tlookmuchlikethemodernbicycle，though，becauseitsbackwheelwassubstantiallylargerthanitsfrontwheel.AlthoughMacmillan’sbicyclescouldberiddeneasily，theywereneverproducedinlargenumbers.In1861，FrenchmanPierreMichauxandhisbrotherErnestinventedabicyclewithanimprovedpedalmechanism.TheycalledtheirbicycleaVELOCIPEDE，butmostpeoplecalledita“boneshaker”becauseoftheeffectofthewoodandironframe.Despitetheimpolitenickname，theVELOCIPEDEwasahit.Afterafewyears，theMichauxfamilywasmakinghundredsofthemachinesannually，mostlyforfun­seekingyoungpeople.Tenyearslater，JamesStarley，anEnglishinventor，madeseveralinnovationsthatrevolutionizedbicycledesign.Hemadethefrontwheelmanytimeslargerthanthebackwheel，putagearonthepedalstomakethebicyclemoreefficient，andlightenedthewheelsbyusingwirespokes.Althoughthisbicyclewasmuchlighterandlesstiringtoride，itwasstillclumsy，extremelytop­heavy，andriddenmostlyforentertainment.Itwasn’tuntil1874thatthefirsttrulymodernbicycleappearedonthescene.InventedbyanotherEnglishman，H.J.Lawson，thesafetybicyclewouldlookfamiliartotoday’scyclists.Thesafetybicyclehadequal­sizedwheels，whichmadeiteasiertoride.Lawsonalsoattachedachaintothepedalstodrivethebackwheel.By1893，thesafetybicyclehadbeenfurtherimprovedwithair­filledrubbertires，adiamond­shapedframe，andeasybraking.WiththeimprovementsprovidedbyLawson，bicyclesbecameextremelypopularandusefulfortransportation.Today，theyarebuilt，used，andenjoyedallovertheworld.1．Thispassagewasmostlikelywritteninorderto________.A．parebicyclesusedfordifferentpurposesB．describetheproblemsearlybicyclemakersexperiencedC．persuadereaderstousebicyclesfortransportationD．tellreadersabouttheearlyhistoryofthebicycle解析：推理判断题。通观全文，第一辆自行车是于1818年在德国被发明的——1839年KirkpatrickMacmillan发明了一辆更好的自行车——1861年法国人PierreMichaux和他的兄弟Ernest发明了一辆改进了脚踏板机械装置的自行车——两年后JamesStarley做出了一些革新，彻底改变了自行车的设计——1874年真正的现代自行车出现了——1893年安全脚踏车被进一步改进——今天，自行车在全世界被制造、使用和喜爱。这篇文章主要讲述自行车的发展史。答案：D2．WhichofthefollowingbicycletypeswasinventedbyJamesStarley?解析：细节理解题。第四段“Hemadethefrontwheelmanytimeslargerthanthebackwheel，...”JamesStarley制造的前车轮比后车轮大好几倍。和图片B相符。答案：B3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Twohundredyearsago，bicyclesdidnotexist.B．Thefirstbicyclecouldberiddenataveryquickpace.C．TheMichauxbrotherscalledtheirbicyclea“boneshaker”．D．Macmillan’smachinehadwheelswithrubbertires.解析：推理判断题。由第一段“ThefirstbicyclewasinventedinGermanyin1818.”可知，第一辆自行车是在1814年被发明的，而200年前是1814年，所以那时自行车还不存在。故选A。答案：A4．Theinformationaboutbicyclesinthispassageisarrangedaccordingto________.A．importance B．timeC．place D．interest解析：细节理解题。本文讲的是自行车的发展史，是逐段按时间排列出这些信息的。故选B。答案：BⅡ.七选五填空AliisfromaMiddleEasterncountry.HenowstaysintheUSA.Hesmokesalotofcigaretteseveryday.Hehassmokedfornineyears.Alisays，“Itriedtoquit(放弃)smokinginmyhometown，butitwasimpossible.Myparentssmoke.Mybrotherssmoke.Allmyfriendssmoke.Atpartiesandatmeetings，almostallthemensmoke.HereintheUnitedStates，notasmanypeoplesmoke.1______”ManysmokersarelikeAli：theywanttostopsmoking.2______Theyknowthemedicinecancausecancerandheartdisease.Butitisdifficultforthemtogiveupsmokingbecausecigaretteshaveadruginthem.Thedrugisnicotine.Peoplewhosmokealotneednicotine.3______Thenicotinemakeshimsick.Inafewdays，thesmoker’sbodyisusedtothenicotine，andhefeelsfine.Later，thesmokerneedsnicotinetokeepfeelingfine.Withoutnicotine，hefeelsbad.4______Manypeoplewhoquitwillsoonsmokeagain.Atapartyoratworktheywilldecidetosmoke“justone”cigarette.Thentheywillsmokeanothercigarette，andanother.Soontheybeesmokersagain.5______A．Itisveryhardtoquitsmoking.B．Itwillbeeasiertochangethesmokinghabithere.C．Thusnicotinemakessmokersaddictedtocigarettes.D．Thesmokersknowthatsmokingisbadfortheirhealth.E．Whenapersonfirstbeginstosmoke，heusuallyfeelsterrible.F．Maybethereisonlyoneeasywaytoquitsmoking:neverstart.G．Butitissaidthatmedicineisneededtostopthemfromsmoking.答案：1～5BDEAFⅢ.完形填空Mostpeoplehavethought，“Iwanttoflylikeabird.”Manypeoplehavetried.Theymadewingsfor__1__，usually__2__feathers，andtriedtoflybymovingtheirwings，asabirddid.Inabout1020，__3__Englishman，Oliver，triedtoflywithwingslikeabirddid.He__4__morethantwohundredmeters__5__hecrashedtothegroundandbrokebothhisarmsandlegs.__6__hisinjuries，Oliverseemedquitepleased.Hesaidhehadmadeonelittlemistake.Hehadforgotten__7__ataillikeabird’s.Butwhenhe__8__fromhisinjuries，henevertriedtoflyagain.In1507，anItalian，namedJohnDamian，triedtoflyinScotland.Heworeapairofwingsmadeofhens’feathers，andleapedfromthewallsofacastle.He__9__likeastonetothegroundbelow，andbrokealeg.Damianwasvery__10__.Hesaid，“Imadeamistake，Iusedhens’feathersandhensdonotoftenfly.I__11__thefeathersofabirdthatflies.ThenIamsureI__12__.”Butwhenhewaswellagain，Damian，likeOliver，neverattemptedanotherflight.AnItalianscientist，JohnBorelli，spentmuchtimethinkingaboutflying.Finally，in1680，hewroteabook__13__agreatmanycalculations.Theyprovedthatmenwouldneverbeabletoflywithwingsontheirarms.Borelliworkeditoutthataman’sarmswerenot__14__tosupporthimintheair.Weknownowthathewasrightbutsomepeople__15__whatBorellisaid.In1742，aFrenchman，althoughhewasanoldman，triedtofly__16__theRiverSeine，inParis，withwings__17__hisarms.Heleapedfromthebalcony(阳台)ofahousebesidetheriverandwent__18__downontoaboatmoored(停泊)atthebankoftheriver.Hewas__19__andonlybrokealeg.In1811，atailorinGermanydecidedtotrytoflywithwings.HebuiltawoodentoweronthebankoftheRiverDanube.Heleapedfromthistoweranddroppedlikeastoneintothewater.Hewasdraggedout__20__，buthewasmorefortunatethanmostoftheothermenwhohadtriedtoflywithwings.1．A.itself B．ourselvesC．themselves D．yourselves解析：由主语they可知此处应该是指“他们自己”，故用themselves。答案：C2．A.of B．intoC．from D．with解析：bemadeof“由……制成”，此处介词表示材料，故用of。答案：A3．A.a B．anC．the D．one解析：此处表示“一个英国人”，故用不定冠词；因Englishman以元音音素开头，故用an。答案：B4．A.walked B．wentC．found D．covered解析：cover在这里是“行程，穿越”的意思，用went和walked不合适。答案：D5．A.when B．beforeC．after D．as解析：穿越二百多米在先，坠入地面在后，故用before。答案：B6．A.Becauseof B．InspiteofC．Asaresultof D．Intermsof解析：从句子意思看，应该是表示转折。尽管受了伤，但很高兴。答案：B7．A.towear B．wearingC．todress D．puttingon解析：从句意看，应该是“忘记去做某事(未做)”，所以forget之后应接动词不定式，todress的宾语是人，不是物。答案：A8．A.survived B．escapedC．recovered D．lived解析：recoverfrom...表示“从……痊愈”。答案：C9．A.feels B．fallsC．felt D．fell解析：像一块石头坠入地面，fall“落下”，用过去式fell。答案：D10．A.satisfied B．disappointedC．delighted D．inspired解析：从飞行结果和下文说的话来看，应是感到很失望。答案：B11．A.shoulduse B．mustuseC．shouldhaveused D．shouldn’tuse解析：“should＋完成式”表示“本应该做而实际没有做”，带有后悔之意。答案：C12．A.wouldhaveflown B．wouldflyC．couldfly D．willfly解析：wouldhaveflown表示“如果使用会飞的鸟的羽毛的话，那就会飞起来了”。答案：A13．A.including B．holdingC．containing D．consisting解析：contain意为“包含，包括”，在本句中是现在分词作定语修饰book。including是介词，不能作定语；consist是不及物动词，后要接of再接宾语。答案：C14．A.toostrong B．verystrongC．enoughstrong D．strongenough解析：“be＋adj./adv.＋enoughtodosth.”表示“足够……以至于……”，是固定结构。答案：D15．A.regardlessof B．paidnoattentiontoC．objectedto D．supported解析：B项意为“不注意，不关心”。regardlessof不是动词短语，不能作谓语。其他两个动词意思与语境不符。答案：B16．A.over B．throughC．across D．past解析：表示“穿越(河流)”用介词across。答案：C17．A.tiedto B．tiedonC．tyingto D．tyingon解析：这是with复合结构，tied表示被动含义：翅膀被系在胳膊上，介词to是固定搭配。答案：A18．A.crash B．crashingC．tocrash D．crashed解析：此处是“go＋动名词”结构。答案：B19．A.disappointed B．unluckyC．annoyed D．fortunate解析：由下文可知，比较而言，这个人是幸运的，因为他只是摔断了一条腿。答案：D20．Apletelydrowned B．almostdrowningC．halfdrowned D．halfdrowning解析：drown一词经常用被动式，因为人是被淹死的。选择half­drowned，说明人没有淹死，因此说这个德国裁缝更加幸运。答案：CⅣ.语法填空(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend，whichwasstartedbythemedicalmunity(医学界)1.________amethodoffightingheartdisease，hashadsomeunintendedside2.________(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalmunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired3.________(process)thefoodthatweeat，torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt4.________(remove)fromfood，thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.As5.________result，peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even6.________(bad)，theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood7.________(be)fulloffatandsalt；by8.________(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthanthey