河北省承德市2023-2024学年高二下学期3月阶段性测试联考英语试卷（含答案解析）

承德市2025届高二年级3月阶段性测试英语本试卷共8页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.本试卷由四个部分组成，其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题，第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。2.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandotonight?A.Doherwork.B.Seeafilm.C.Datewiththeman.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?AAtabank.B.Onthestreet.C.Atahotel.3.Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?A.HelikeswatchingTV.B.HethinkswelloftheInternet.C.HeisgoingtobuyaTV.4.Whenisthewomangoingtoattendherswimminglessonthisafternoon?A.At4:30.B.At5:15.C.At4:45.5.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hehasfoundanotherjob.B.Heisquiteconfidentofhimself.C.Heisupsetaboutlosinghisjob.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatupsetsthewoman?A.Toomanypeopleattheriver.B.Thetrashontheriverbank.C.Theheavilypollutedriver.7.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Pickupthetrash.B.Stoppeoplelittering.C.Holdaswimmingcontest.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatcanweknowaboutthewriter?A.Hewasborndisabled.B.Helikestogosightseeing.C.Hehaswrittenmanybooks.9.Howdothespeakersfeelaboutthewriter?A.Sympathetic.B.Inspired.C.Amused.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Howdoesthemanwanttolearnwriting?A.Self-teaching.B.Studyinginaclassroom.C.TakingacourseontheInternet.11.Whydoesthemanwanttotakewritingcourses?A.Tomakemoremoney.B.Toenjoythefunofwriting.C.Tobecomeaprofessionalwriter.12.Whatbrochurewillthemanreceive?A.Creativewriting.B.Fictionwriting.C.Businesswriting.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whywasthewomanabsentfromtheparty?A.ShevisitedLily.B.Shewasstudyingforthefinal.C.Shedidn’tlikesocialactivities.14.Whenwillthefinalbe?A.Aboutaweeklater.B.Abouttwoweekslater.C.Aboutamonthlater.15.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthecomingfinal?AConfident.B.Worried.C.Unconcerned.16.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Stayupstudying.B.Takenotesinclass.C.AskLilyforhelp.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhatisWSPlookingfor?A.Projectorganizers.B.Volunteers.C.Projectdesigners.18.WhatistheJapanproject?A.Short-term.B.Medium-term.C.Long-term.19.WhatwillyoudoifyoutakepartinthePolandproject?A.Playwiththechildren.B.Takecareofthechildren.C.Improvethechildren’sholidaycenter.20.WhatistheIndiaprojectfor?A.Poorchildren.B.Homelesschildren.C.Childrenwithdisabilities.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AInnovativeDesignsforAccessibilityDeadline:2020-04-30Award:$7,500CADOpento:UniversitystudentsTheInnovative(创新的)DesignsforAccessibilitystudentcompetitionchallengesstudentsacrossCanadatousetheircreativitytodevelopinnovative,cost-effectiveandpracticalsolutionstoaccessibilitybarriersforpeoplewithdisabilities.(Readmore)CleanTechCompetitionDeadline:2020-04-13Award:$28,000Opento:Students13-15yearsoldTheCleanTechCompetitionisaunique,worldwideresearchanddesignchallengeforpre-collegeyouth.ThecompetitionisdesignedtobuildadeeperunderstandingofSTEM(science,technology,engineering,andmath)relatedconcepts,recognizeoutstandingtalent,andpreparethenextgenerationofgloballycompetitiveinnovators.(Readmore)AgileRoboticsCompetitionDeadline:2020-04-10Award:$17,500Opento:AdultsAgileRoboticsCompetitionisasimulation-based(仿真)competitiondesignedtopromoteagility(灵活)inindustrialrobotsystemsbyemployingthelatestadvancesinartificialintelligenceandrobotplanning.Thecompetitionwillbeheldvirtually(虚拟的),sothereisnoneedtotraveltocompete.ThecompetitionwillusetheGazebosimulationtool.(Readmore)WearableRoboticsInnovationChallengeDeadline:2020-04-24Award:$5,000Opento:EveryoneTheWearableRoboticsAssociationisinvitingentriesthatrepresentthemostinnovativenewideasinwearablerobotictechnology.Thereviewcommitteewillselectasmanyastenfinalists.Theoneconsideredtobethemostinnovativewillbeannouncedattheconferenceandwillreceive$5,000toacceleratethenewtechnology.(Readmore)1Whichcompetitionfavorscompetitorswithacreativemindinhelpingthedisabled?A.InnovativeDesignsforAccessibility. B.CleanTechCompetition.C.AgileRoboticsCompetition. D.WearableRoboticsInnovationChallenge.2.What’stheaimofCleanTechCompetition?A.TomakearesearchaboutSTEM.B.Toencourageuniversitystudentstobeinnovators.C.Tohelpstudentspreparefortheuniversity.D.Tofindtalentedteenagersanddeveloptheirabilitytoinnovate.3.Whatcanweknowaboutthefourcompetitions?A.Theyareopentoeveryone. B.Everycompetitorcangetanaward.C.TheyareheldinApril. D.Theyareheldvirtually.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种比赛，说明了四个比赛各自的截止日期、奖项和针对对象等情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据InnovativeDesignsforAccessibility部分中TheInnovative(创新的)DesignsforAccessibilitystudentcompetitionchallengesstudentsacrossCanadatousetheircreativitytodevelopinnovative,cost-effectiveandpracticalsolutionstoaccessibilitybarriersforpeoplewithdisabilities.(Readmore)可知“无障碍学生创新设计大赛”向加拿大各地的学生提出挑战，让他们发挥自己的创造力，为残疾人开发创新的、符合成本效益的和实用的解决方案。由此可知，在帮助残疾人方面，InnovativeDesignsforAccessibility更喜欢有创造性思维的选手。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据CleanTechCompetition部分中ThecompetitionisdesignedtobuildadeeperunderstandingofSTEM(science,technology,engineering,andmath)relatedconcepts,recognizeoutstandingtalent,andpreparethenextgenerationofgloballycompetitiveinnovators.可知比赛旨在建立对STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）相关概念的深入理解，找到优秀人才，培养下一代具有全球竞争力的创新人才。由此可知，CleanTechCompetition的目的是寻找有才华的青少年，培养他们的创新能力。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据InnovativeDesignsforAccessibility部分中Deadline:2020-04-30可知截止日期为2020年4月30；CleanTechCompetition部分中Deadline:2020-04-13可知截止日期为2020年4月13日；AgileRoboticsCompetition部分中Deadline:2020-04-10可知截止日期为2020年4月10日；WearableRoboticsInnovationChallenge部分中Deadline:2020-04-24截止日期为2020年4月21日。由此可知，这四场比赛都是在四月举行。故选C。BIstherealinkbetweensocialmediaanddepression?DoFacebookandInstagramhaveanegativeimpactonyourmentalhealth?It’scomplicated.Sometimes,lookingthroughInstagramjustmakesyoufeelbad.Youtrynottoenvyyourfriends,buttheyalwaysseemtobetravelingsomewherecool,eatingsomethingfancy,orlookingcuteinperfectjust-rolled-out-of-bedhair.Ontheotherhand,therearetimeswhenyoulaughatfunnymemes(表情包),catchupwitholdfriends,andfeelhappytobelongtofunsocialmediacommunities.Clearly,socialmediaisn’tallbad.Peopleareincreasinglysuspectingthatthere’repotentialproblemsofsocialmedia.Thingslikecyberbullying(网上欺凌),screenaddiction,andbeingexposedtoendlessfilteredimages(美颜)thatmakeitimpossiblenottomakecomparisonsbetweenyourselfandothersoftenmakethenews.InJuly,abigstudycameoutinthejournalJAMAtitled“AssociationofScreenTimeandDepressioninAdolescence.”Thisbigheadlineseemstoconfirmwhatalotofpeoplehavebeensaying—screentimeishorribleforyoungpeople.Thestudyfollowedover3,800adolescentsoverfouryearsaspartofadrugandalcoholpreventionprogram.Partofwhattheinvestigatorsmeasuredwastheteens’amountofscreentime,includingtimespentonsocialmedia,aswellastheirlevelsofdepressionsymptoms.Oneoftheirmainfindingswasthathigheramountsofsocialmediausewereassociatedwithhigherlevelsofdepression.Thatwastruebothwhentheresearchescomparedbetweenpeopleandcomparedeachpersonagainsttheirownmentalhealthovertime.Caseclosed?Notsofast.Beforeweendthedebateonceandforall,let’stakeacloserlookatthisandotherstudies.Let’saskourselves:whatexactlyistherelationshipbetweensocialmediauseanddepression?Itturnsoutthereareseveralwarnings.4.WhydopeoplesometimesfeelbadwhenlookingthroughInstagram?A.Theylackcontactwitholdfriends. B.Theycantravelnowhere.C.Theydon’tlookperfect. D.Theyfeelunbalanced.5.WhyisthearticleinjournalJAMAmentioned?A.Tocomment. B.Toprove. C.Tosuggest. D.Toexplore.6.Whichmayagreewiththefindingsofthestudy?A.Depressionisrelatedtosocialmediause.B.Teens’amountofscreentimeislimited.C.Itisnoteasytotellreasonsfordepression.D.Socialmediacontributestophysicalhealth.7.What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A.Howtoreducedepression? B.Doessocialmediacausedepression?C.Shallpeoplereducescreentime? D.Whyisittimetogiveupsocialmedia?【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了关于青少年使用社交媒体与其抑郁症之间因果关系的一些研究调查，强调了其间因果关系的复杂性。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sometimes,lookingthroughInstagramjustmakesyoufeelbad.Youtrynottoenvyyourfriends,buttheyalwaysseemtobetravelingsomewherecool,eatingsomethingfancy,orlookingcuteinperfectjust-rolled-out-of-bedhair.(有时候，浏览社交平台会让你感觉很糟糕。你尽量不嫉妒你的朋友，但他们似乎总是去一个很酷的地方旅行，吃一些很好吃的东西，或者拥有刚刚卷起来的完美发型看起来很可爱。)”可知，浏览社交网站看到朋友的令人羡慕的内容，会使自己感到心理不平衡而心情糟糕。故选D项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“InJuly,abigstudycameoutinthejournalJAMAtitled“AssociationofScreenTimeandDepressioninAdolescence.”Thisbigheadlineseemstoconfirmwhatalotofpeoplehavebeensaying—screentimeishorribleforyoungpeople.(今年7月，《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)发表了一项名为《屏幕时间与青春期抑郁的关系》的大型研究。这个大标题似乎证实了很多人一直在说的——屏幕时间对年轻人来说是可怕的。)”可知，该文章证实了屏幕时间对年轻人来说是可怕的，从而支持了本段论点：“Peopleareincreasinglysuspectthatthere’rethepotentialproblemsofsocialmedia.(人们越来越怀疑社交媒体的潜在问题)”，故推知，提及《美国医学会杂志》的这篇文章是为了证明论点。故选B项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Oneoftheirmainfindingswasthathigheramountsofsocialmediausewereassociatedwithhigherlevelsofdepression.(他们的主要发现之一是，社交媒体使用时间越长，抑郁程度越高。)”可知，抑郁症与社交媒体的使用有关。故选A项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Istherealinkbetweensocialmediaanddepression?DoFacebookandInstagramhaveanegativeimpactonyourmentalhealth?It’scomplicated.(社交媒体和抑郁症之间有联系吗？Facebook和Instagram对你的心理健康有负面影响吗？它是复杂的。)”以及全文可知，本文主要讨论了关于青少年使用社交媒体与其抑郁症之间因果关系的一些研究调查，强调了其间因果关系的复杂性。B项“社交媒体会导致抑郁症吗？”贴合主旨要义，为最佳标题。故选B项。CAccordingtoarecentstudy,anewgeneticallymodified(转基因的）ricecanpreventinfectionsofHIV,thevirusresponsibleforthediseaseAIDS.Thestudyreportsthenewly-developedriceproducesproteins(蛋白质）thatattachdirectlytotheHIVvirus.Thisprocesskeepsthevirusfrommixingwithhumancells.Thescientistssayitcanremovetheeffectofthevirusandblockitsspreading.TheJointUnitedNationsProgramonHIV/AIDSreportsthatworldwide,nearly37millionpeoplewerelivingwithHIVin2017.Theorganizationsaysthelargestnumberofthosearein·developingcountries.Nearlytwo-thirdsofHIVcasesareinAfrica.NowthereisnocureforHIV/AIDSthoughtherehavebeendevelopmentsinoraldrugtreatmentstoslowtheprogressionofthedisease.Thenewstudypredictstherice-basedmethodwillleadtolong-termuseoftheanti-HIVtreatmentacrossthedevelopingworld.Researcherssaidthe"groundbreaking"discoveryis“realisticallytheonlyway"thatanti-HIVcombinationtreatmentscanbeproducedatacostlowenoughforthedevelopingworld.Theysaytheeasiestandmostcost-effectivewaytousethericewillbetomakeitintoacreamtobeputontheskin.TheHIV-fightingproteinscanthenenterthebodythroughtheskin.Peopleallovertheworldcouldgrowthericeandmakethecreamthemselves.Thiswouldpreventthecostandtravelrequiredformanypatientstoreceivetreatmentsandmedicine.Theprocessofchangingthegeneticstructureoffoodcropshasbeendebatedforsometime.Criticsofgeneticallyengineeredcropsbelievetheycanharmpeople.Thescientificteamsaysfurthertestingisneededtoensurethatthegeneticengineeringprocessdoesnotproduceanyadditionalchemicalsthatcouldbedangeroustopeople.8.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.TheterriblesituationsofHIVinfections.B.TherapiddevelopmentofAfrica.C.ThepracticalwaystocureAIDS.D.TheeffortsmadebytheUnitedNations.9.Inwhichwaywillthericebeusedatthelowestcost?A.Bytransformingitintoproteins.B.Byprocessingitintoacream.C.ByattachingittotheHIVvirus.D.Byaddingittoanoraldrug.10.Whatcanweinferaboutthegeneticengineeringprocess?A.ItcanpreventinfectionsofHIV.B.Ithasproduceddangerouschemicals.C.Itisintendedforthedevelopedworld.D.Itrequiresfurthertestingtoensurethesafety.11.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Afirstaidbrochure.C.Asocialwebpage.D.Ahealthmagazine.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.D【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了最新的研究发现了一种转基因大米，可以防止HIV病毒的感染。【8题详解】主旨大意题。文章第3段中提到“…worldwide,nearly37millionpeoplewerelivingwithHIVin2017.…NowthereisnocureforHIV/AIDS…”，全球HIV感染人数达到近3700万人，而且目前还没有治愈艾滋病毒的方法。由此可以推断，本段说明了在全球HIV病毒感染的严峻现状。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第5段中“Theysaytheeasiestandmostcost-effectivewaytousethericewillbetomakeitintoacreamtobeputontheskin.”可知，科学家们认为最简单且最节约成本的方式就是把大米加工成膏状，涂在皮肤上。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Criticsofgeneticallyengineeredcropsbelievetheycanharmpeople.Thescientificteamsaysfurthertestingisneededtoensurethatthegeneticengineeringprocessdoesnotproduceanyadditionalchemicalsthatcouldbedangeroustopeople.（转基因农作物的批评者认为它们会对人体有害。科学团队表示，还需要进一步的测试，以确保基因工程过程不会产生任何可能对人体有害的额外化学物质。）由此可以推断，科学家们认为还需要作进一步测试，以确保基因工程过程的安全性。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。本文第一段提到“anewgeneticallymodifiedricecanpreventinfectionsofHIV…”，该项科学研究是关于一种新的转基因大米可以防止感染HIV病毒，其话题与健康有关。由此可以推断，文章可能是选自健康杂志。故选D。DIntherichcountriesoftheWest,theelectricvehiclerevolutioniswellunderway.Climate-consciousconsumersdriveTeslasorPolestarsforreasonsofmoralityandfashion.Poorercountriesarealsoexperiencingawaveofelectrifiedtrend.InBangladesh,electricthree-wheelertaxis,knownastuk-tuks,arerapidlyreplacinggas-poweredonesonthestreets.Suchelectricvehiclesareclimatefriendly,costeffective,andhelpreduceairpollution.Yetaglanceunderthehood(引擎盖)ofthesevehiclesrevealsapoisonoussecret:eachtuk-tukrunsonfivemassivelead-acidbatteries,containingalmost300poundsofleadintotal.Everyyearandahalforso,whenthosebatteriesneedtobereplacedandrecycled,about60poundsofleadleakintotheenvironment.Batteryrecycling,oftenatsmall-scaleunregulatedfactories,isahighlyprofitablebutdeadlybusiness.Leadisdangerous,andanyexposuretoitisharmfultohumanhealth.Leadthathasenteredtheenvironmenthurtspeopleonanextraordinaryscale.Thenumerouswaysleadentersair,water,soil,andhomesacrossthedevelopingworld—andtheenormousdamageitdoestohumanhealth,wealth,andwelfare—causesoneofthebiggestenvironmentalcrisesintheworldyetreceiveslittleattention.TheWorldBankestimatesthatleadkills5.5millionpeopleperyear,whichwouldmakeitabiggerglobalkillerthanAIDS,malaria,diabetes,androadtrafficdeathscombined.Ontopoftheshockingdeaths,thesocialburdenofleadpoisoningisextraordinary,asisitscontributiontoglobalinequality—ourresearchonthecognitiveeffectsofleadpoisoningsuggeststhatitmayexplainaboutone-fifthoftheeducationalachievementgapbetweenrichandpoorcountries.Butunlikemanychallengesfacedbydevelopingcountries,leadpoisoningisaproblemthatisfixablewithsomeattentionandarelativelymodestfinancialinvestment.Bettermonitoring,research,andrulescanhelpprotectchildrenallovertheworldfromthedreadfuleffectsofleadpoisoningandreducethemassiveglobalcostsitbrings.12.Howdoestheauthordescribetheleadprobleminparagraph2?A.Bymakingacomparison. B.Byanalyzinghiddencauses.C.Bylistingconvincingnumbers. D.Byexplainingitsworkingprinciple.13.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?ALeadentersrichcountriesinvariousways.B.Leadpoisoningmaymakepoorsocietiespoorer.C.Exposuretoleaddoesn’tnecessarilyharmsomeone.D.Leadleakinghascausedgreatpanicinbothcountries.14.Whatcanbedonetosolveleadpoisoningindevelopingcountries?A.Fixingtheseusedbatteries. B.Puttingcertaineffortandmoney.C.Prohibitingtheillegaluseoflead. D.Reducingthecostofrecyclinglead.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheImpactsofLeadPoisoningonHumanHealthB.TheOutcomesofUsingElectricVehiclesC.TheWaystoSolveLeadProblemD.TheGlobalLeadPoisoningCrisis【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要阐述了目前全球都在发展环保节能的电动汽车，但是铅酸电池中的铅是危险的，任何接触都对人体健康，铅中毒给人类健康、财富和福利造成的巨大损害，不仅造成死亡还带来极大的社会负担。【12题详解】推理判断题。第二段中“Yetaglanceunderthehood(引擎盖)ofthesevehiclesrevealsapoisonoussecret:eachtuk-tukrunsonfivemassivelead-acidbatteries,containingalmost300poundsofleadintotal.Everyyearandahalforso,whenthosebatteriesneedtobereplacedandrecycled,about60poundsofleadleakintotheenvironment.Batteryrecycling,oftenatsmall-scaleunregulatedfactories,isahighlyprofitablebutdeadlybusiness.(然而，只要看一眼这些车辆的引擎盖，就会发现一个有毒的秘密：每辆嘟嘟车都是由五块巨大的铅酸电池驱动的，总共含有近300磅的铅。每一年半左右，当这些电池需要更换和回收时，大约有60磅的铅泄漏到环境中。电池回收通常在不受监管的小型工厂进行，这是一项高利润但致命的业务。)”作者通过用具体数字列出嘟嘟车铅酸电池中铅的量来说明目前所面临的铅污染问题；由此可知，作者通过列出令人信服的数字来说明目前的铅问题。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thenumerouswaysleadentersair,water,soil,andhomesacrossthedevelopingworld—andtheenormousdamageitdoestohumanhealth,wealth,andwelfare—causesoneofthebiggestenvironmentalcrisesintheworldyetreceiveslittleattention.(在发展中国家，铅以多种方式进入空气、水、土壤和家庭——以及它对人类健康、财富和福利造成的巨大损害——造成了世界上最大的环境危机之一，但却很少受到关注。)”以及第四段中“Ontopoftheshockingdeaths,thesocialburdenofleadpoisoningisextraordinary,asisitscontributiontoglobalinequality—ourresearchonthecognitiveeffectsofleadpoisoningsuggeststhatitmayexplainaboutone-fifthoftheeducationalachievementgapbetweenrichandpoorcountries.(除了令人震惊的死亡之外，铅中毒的社会负担是巨大的，就像它对全球不平等的贡献一样——我们对铅中毒的认知影响的研究表明，它可以解释富国和穷国之间教育成就差距的五分之一。)”可知，在发展中国家，铅以多种方式进入空气、水、土壤和家庭，对人类健康、财富和福利造成的巨大损害，不仅造成死亡还带来极大的社会负担，使贫穷的社会更贫穷。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butunlikemanychallengesfacedbydevelopingcountries,leadpoisoningisaproblemthatisfixablewithsomeattentionandarelativelymodestfinancialinvestment.Bettermonitoring,research,andrulescanhelpprotectchildrenallovertheworldfromthedreadfuleffectsofleadpoisoningandreducethemassiveglobalcostsitbrings.(但是，与发展中国家面临的许多挑战不同，铅中毒是一个可以通过一些关注和相对适度的财政投资来解决的问题。更好的监测、研究和规则可以帮助保护世界各地的儿童免受铅中毒的可怕影响，并减少其带来的巨大全球成本。)”可知，发展中国家可以通过一些关注和相对适度的财政投资，进行更好的监测、研究以及制定规则来解决铅污染和铅中毒问题；由此可知，发展中国家可以通过投入一定的努力和金钱解决铅中毒问题。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“IntherichcountriesoftheWest,theelectricvehiclerevolutioniswellunderway.Climate-consciousconsumersdriveTeslasorPolestarsforreasonsofmoralityandfashion.Poorercountriesarealsoexperiencingawaveofelectrifiedtrend.(在西方富裕国家，电动汽车革命正在如火如荼地进行。有气候意识的消费者出于道德和时尚的原因驾驶特斯拉或北极星。较贫穷的国家也正在经历一波电气化趋势。)”以及第二段“Yetaglanceunderthehood(引擎盖)ofthesevehiclesrevealsapoisonoussecret:eachtuk-tukrunsonfivemassivelead-acidbatteries,containingalmost300poundsofleadintotal.Everyyearandahalforso,whenthosebatteriesneedtobereplacedandrecycled,about60poundsofleadleakintotheenvironment.Batteryrecycling,oftenatsmall-scaleunregulatedfactories,isahighlyprofitablebutdeadlybusiness.(然而，只要看一眼这些车辆的引擎盖，就会发现一个有毒的秘密：每辆嘟嘟车都是由五块巨大的铅酸电池驱动的，总共含有近300磅的铅。每一年半左右，当这些电池需要更换和回收时，大约有60磅的铅泄漏到环境中。电池回收通常在不受监管的小型工厂进行，这是一项高利润但致命的业务。)”可知，全球都在发展电动汽车，经历电气化，但是铅酸电池中的铅是危险的；下文主要阐述了铅中毒给社会和健康带来的极大危害；由此可知，文章主要讲述目前发展电动汽车带来的铅污染问题、世界上铅中毒的严峻形势及其给社会和健康带来的极大危害；D选项“TheGlobalLeadPoisoningCrisis(全球铅中毒危机)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。OvercomingFearofFailureHaveyoueverbeensoafraidoffailingatsomethingthatyoudecidednottotryatall?Orhasfearoffailuremeantthat,subconsciously,youundermined(削弱)yourowneffortstoavoidthepossibilityofalargerfailure?____16____It’simportanttorealizethatineverythingwedo,there’salwaysachancethatwe’llfail.Facingthatchanceandembracingitgiveusamorerewardinglife.Hereareafewwaystoreducethefearoffailing.Analyzeallpotentialoutcomes.____17____Removethatfearbyconsideringallofthepotentialoutcomesofyourdecision.Youcanmappossibleoutcomesvisually.Setsmallgoals.Imagininghowlifewillbeafteryou’vereachedyourgoalisagreatmotivatortokeepyoumovingforward.Sostartbysettingafewsmallgoals.____18____Don’tfocusontheendpicture.Justfocusonthenextstep.Takingonesmallstepatatimewillhelpbuildyourconfidence,keepyoumovingtowardsyourfinalgoal.Learntothinkmorepositively.Everycoinhastwosides.____19____Learntochangeyourthoughtsandfocusmoreonthebrightsideofthesituation,makingyoulikeyourself.Positivethinkingisanincrediblypowerfulwaytobuildself-confidence.____20____Insomecases,thetoughestsituationmaybegenuinelydisastrous(灾难性的)anditmaybeperfectlyreasonabletofearfailure.Inothercases,however,thisworstcasemayactuallynotbethatbad,andrecognizingthiscanhelp.A.Lookattheworse-casesituation.B.Itisuptoyoutodecidewhichonetolookat.C.Failingatsomethingcanhelpyoudiscoveryourtruestfriends.D.Manyofushaveprobablyexperiencedthisatonetimeoranother.E.Ifyouareafraidoffailure,youmightbeuncomfortablesettinggoals.F.Theseshouldbegoalsthatareslightly,butnotoverwhelmingly,challenging.G.Manypeopleexperiencefearoffailurebecausetheyfeartheunknown.【答案】16.D17.G18.F19.B20.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章就如何减少人们对失败的恐惧给了四个方法。【16题详解】上文“Haveyoueverbeensoafraidoffailingatsomethingthatyoudecidednottotryatall?Orhasfearoffailuremeantthat,subconsciously,youundermined(削弱)yourowneffortstoavoidthepossibilityofalargerfailure?(你有没有因为害怕某件事失败而决定根本不去尝试？还是对失败的恐惧意味着，在潜意识里，你破坏了自己为避免更大失败的可能性所做的努力)”讲述了人们害怕失败的现象和背后的心理因素，再结合下文“It’simportanttorealizethatineverythingwedo,there’salwaysachancethatwe’llfail.(重要的是要认识到，在我们所做的每件事中，总会有失败的机会)”，该空应该讲失败存在的普遍性，D选项“我们中的许多人可能曾经经历过这种情况。”切合语境，也可引出下文讲人总会有失败的时候。故选D项。【17题详解】由小标题“Analyzeallpotentialoutcomes.(分析所有潜在结果。)”可知本段主要讲减少人们对失败恐惧的方法之一——分析事情将产生的所有（好坏）结果，该空应该要分析人们害怕失败的原因，G选项“许多人害怕失败是因为他们害怕未知。”是对段落标题的阐释。故选G项。【18题详解】由小标题“Setsmallgoals.(设定小目标。)”可知本段主要讲减少人们对失败恐惧的方法之一——设定小目标，再结合上文“Sostartbysettingafewsmallgoals.(所以，从设定几个小目标开始)”可知，该空应该讲具体如何设置小目标，F选项“这些目标应该具有轻微的挑战性，但不是压倒性的挑战性。”对前句的小目标具体解释。故选F项。【19题详解】由小标题“Learntothinkmorepositively.(学会更积极地思考。)”可知本段主要讲减少人们对失败恐惧的方法之一——学会更积极地思考，再结合上文“Everycoinhastwosides.(凡事都有两面性。)”可知，该空应该讲积极思考事物两面性后应该怎么做，B选项“你来决定要看哪一面。”切合语境。故选B项。【20题详解】该空选取小标题，需总结下文。由下文“Insomecases,thetoughestsituationmaybegenuinelydisastrous(灾难性的)anditmaybeperfectlyreasonabletofearfailure.Inothercases,however,thisworstcasemayactuallynotbethatbad,andrecognizingthiscanhelp.(在某些情况下，最艰难的情况可能真的是灾难性的，害怕失败可能是完全合理的。然而，在其他情况下，这种最坏的情况实际上可能没有那么糟糕，认识到这一点会有所帮助。)”可知，本段在谈论最坏的情况，A选项“看看更糟糕的情况。”切合语境。故选A项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenLeahwas10,shesawaneedforchangeintheworld.“Peoplearesupposedtoshow____21____andsympathy,”shesays.“Butthatwasn'thappening.”Leahdecidedto____22____herhand-madebraceletsatalocaleventandaskedeachpersonwhogotonetodoakinddeedforsomeoneelse.Anote____23____toeachbraceletsaid,“Let'sjustshowotherpeopletheyare____24____.”AsLeahgaveoutbracelets,____25____spread.Shebegantoreceivebraceletrequestsworldwide,andtohearfrompeoplewho'ddeliveredkinddeeds.Oneperson____26____atiredstoreclerkwithsandwiches.Anotherpaidforastranger'scoffee.“Astorythat____27____touchedmyheartwasthatsomeoneestablishedahomelesscamp!”shesays.WhenLeahcouldn't____28____requestsforthebracelets,shebegansellingwristbandswith"KindnessTravels"ontheoutsideand"kind"ontheinsidein____29____languages.Sofar,shehassentout10,000wristbands.Shehas____30____apartyforkidsatahomelessshelter,paidrentforhurricane____31____andmore,usingthemoneyfromwristbands____32____anddonations.Leahhopesto____33____otherkidswhowanttohelpothers.“Justcomeupwithideas!Neverbe____34____,”shesays.“Ageisjusta____35____.Youalwayshavethepowertodosomething.”21.A.pleasure B.patience C.love D.curiosity22.A.pickup B.putaway C.showoff D.handout23.A.compared B.attached C.opened D.connected24.A.ignored B.infected C.valued D.engaged25.A.word B.passion C.anxiety D.happiness26.A.bothered B.surprised C.upset D.embarrassed27.A.genuinely B.hardly C.slightly D.relatively28.A.deny B.advance C.meet D.delay29.A.native B.complex C.natural D.different30.A.attended B.organized C.canceled D.postponed31.A.victims B.researchers C.reporters D.observers32.A.sales B.funds C.designs D.advertisements33.A.respect B.contact C.recommend D.encourage34.A.mean B.scared C.content D.proud35.A.gap B.problem C.number D.barrier【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.C25.A26.B27.A28.C29.D30.B31.A32.A33.D34.B35.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了10岁的Leah认为人们应该表现出爱和同情，于是决定在当地的一次活动上分发她手工制作的手镯，并要求每个得到手镯的人为别人做一件好事。当Leah分发手镯时，消息传开了。她开始收到来自世界各地的手镯请求，并听取那些曾经做过善事的人的意见。她还通过自己出售腕带和捐赠的钱来帮助他人，鼓励其他想帮助别人的孩子。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“人们应该表现出爱和同情，”她说。A.pleasure快乐；B.patience耐心；C.love爱；D.curiosity好奇。根据后文“andsympathy”以及Leah通过分发手镯来呼吁人们重视他人，可推测她认为人们应该表现出爱和同情。故选C。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Leah决定在当地的一次活动上分发她手工制作的手镯，并请每个得到手镯的人为别人做一件好事。A.pickup捡起；B.putaway放好；C.showoff炫耀；D.handout分发。呼应后文“AsLeahgaveoutbracelets”指Leah分发她制作的手镯。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个手镯上都附着一张纸条，上面写着：“让我们向其他人展示他们被重视。”A.compared比较；B.attached附属；C.opened打开；D.connected连接。根据前后文语境“Anote…toeachbracelet”可知，指手镯上附有Leah的纸条，应用attach。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个手镯上都附着一张纸条，上面写着：“让我们向其他人展示他们被重视。”A.ignored忽视；B.infected传染；C.valued重视；D.engaged参与。结合上文“askedeachpersonwhogotonetodoakinddeedforsomeoneelse”可知Leah要求每个得到手镯的人为别人做一件好事，说明她希望人们向其他人展示他们被重视，故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Leah分发手镯时，消息传开了。A.word话语，消息；B.passion激情；C.anxiety焦虑；D.happiness幸福。根据后文“Shebegantoreceivebraceletrequestsworldwide”可知Leah分发手镯的消息传开了，wordspread“消息散布得很快”符合语境。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个人用三明治给一个疲惫的店员带来了惊喜。A