2024八年级英语下册Unit2TravellingPeriod3Grammar习题课件牛津译林版

Unit2TravellingPeriod3GrammarGrammarA.Usinghave/hasbeenandhave/hasgoneWeusehave/hasbeentoexpresstheideathatsomeonewenttoaplaceandhasalreadycomeback.Itreferstoanexperience.MillieandAmyhavebeentoSouthHill.Theywanttogothereagain.SandyhasneverbeentoSouthHill.Shewantstogowiththem.Weusehave/hasgonetoexpresstheideathatsomeonewenttoaplacebuthasnotyetreturned.KittyandherfamilyhavegonetoHongKong.Theywillcomebacknextweek.Suzyisnotathomeatthemoment.Shehasgonetothebookshop.AbouttravelsA1.TheClass1,Grade8studentsaretalkingabouttheirclassmatesandfamilies.Helpthemcompletethesentenceswithhave/hasbeenorhave/hasgone.1.Millieisn’there.She___________tothelibrary.hasgone2.PeterandSimon_________just_________tothelibrary.Theyborrowedsomeinterestingbooks.3.Mycousin___________toXi’antwice.4.Myparents____________toXi’anandthey’llstaythereforaweek.5.Danielwon’tbewithusattheparty.He__________toShanghai.havebeenhasbeenhavegonehasgoneA2.DanielandMilliearechattingataweekend.Completetheirconversationwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Daniel:Ihaven’tseenMrWufordays.Where(1)___________he(go)__________?Millie:He(2)_________(go)toTianjintoattendameeting.Daniel:(3)_________you_________(be)anywhererecently?hasgonehasgoneHavebeenMillie:Yes,I(4)___________(be)toHainanwithmyparents.Daniel:Oh,that’sgreat!(5)_________you_________(be)toSanya?Millie:Sure,we(6)___________(be)tothebeachthere.Lookatthesephotos.Daniel:Thebeachisbeautiful.IseeAndyplayingonthesandtoo.①havebeenHavebeenhavebeen温馨提示：此符号表示“考点精讲点拨”链接。Millie:Yes.Wewenttherewithhisfamily.Daniel:Isee.Bytheway,shallweinviteAndytogoforapicnictomorrow?Millie:Andyisn’therethisweekend.Heandhisparents(7)___________(go)tothecountryside.They’llbebacktomorrowafternoon.havegoneB.VerbswithforandsinceWeuseforwhenwetalkaboutaperiodoftime,andweusesincewhenwetalkaboutatimepointinthepast.MrDonghaslivedhereformanyyears.MrDonghaslivedheresincehewasborn.Someverbs,suchascome,go,buyandleave,canbeusedinthepresentperfecttense,buttheycannotbeusedwithfororsinceinpositivestatements.×HehasleftBeijingforaweek.√HehasnotleftBeijingyet.√HehasbeenawayfromBeijingforaweek.×Hehasboughtacarsince2007.√Hehasnotboughtanynewcarsince2007.√Hehashadacarsince2007.Ifwewanttoexpressacontinuousstate,wecanuseanotherwaylikethis：VerbUsedforacontinuousstateExamplebegin/starthave/hasbeenonThefilmhasbeenonfor20minutes.②finish/stophave/hasbeenoverTheparadehasbeenoverforhours.③come/go/arrivehave/hasbeenin/atKittyhasbeeninHongKongfortwodays.VerbUsedforacontinuousstateExampleleavehave/hasbeenawayShehasbeenawayfromhomesincelastTuesday.borrowhave/haskeptShehaskeptthisbooksincelastweek.joinhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenamemberofSimonhasbeenamemberoftheFootballClubsincelastyear.marryhave/hasbeenmarriedTheyhavebeenmarriedfor15years.

④diehave/hasbeendeadThefishhavebeendeadforsometime.⑤MoreaboutKitty’stripKittyistellingMillieaboutherholidayinHongKongonthephone.Completewhatshesayswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.MyparentsandI(1)___________(arrive)inHongKongonthefirstdayofthewinterholiday.We(2)___________(be)hereforthreedays.arrivedhavebeenI(3)___________(borrow)abookaboutHongKongaweekago.It’sveryuseful.I(4)___________(keep)itwithmeforafewdays.IthelpsmelearnmoreaboutHongKong.Nowit’snoonandwe’reinOceanPark.Thefirstdolphinshow(5)_________(begin)at11:30a.m.It(6)___________(be)onforabouthalfanhour.Theshowisreallyexciting.borrowedhavekeptbeganhasbeen①IseeAndyplayingonthesandtoo.sand/sænd/n.沙；沙滩e.g.Theboyfilledthebottlewithsand.那个男孩用沙子把瓶子装满了。Thechildrenplayedonthesands.孩子们在沙滩上玩耍。考点1不可数名词sand表示“沙滩”时可用复数形式sands。onthesands意为“在沙滩上”。考题1：几个孩子正在沙滩上跑来跑去。Severalchildrenarerunningabout_________________.onthesands返回温馨提示:可返回原文②Thefilmhasbeenonfor20minutes.beon上映，放映e.g.Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.电影已经开演十分钟了。Thefilmstarts/beginsatfiveo’clockintheafternoon.电影下午五点钟开始。考点2表示延续的状态beon“上映，放映”。可以与时间段连用。start瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用。begin瞬间动词，用于完成时态时，不可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 辨析：beon、start与begin考题2：[襄阳]—Whyareyouinsuchahurry?—Becausetheclass_______for10minutes.A.hasbeenonB.hasbegunC.isonD.beginsA返回③Theparadehasbeenoverforhours.over/'əʊvə(r)/adv.结束考点3词性含义示例介词在……上方Therewasalamphangingoverthetable.桌子上方吊着一盏灯。遍及Hehastravelledoverthewholecountry.他已经游遍了全国。多于；超过HestayedinBeijingforovertwoyears.他待在北京两年多了。在……期间Hecametothetownovertheweekend.他周末来到镇上。词性含义示例副词翻转Turnthepageoverandyou’llseeamap.把这页翻过去，你就会看见一张地图。结束Bythetimewearrivedthemeetingwasover.我们到达时，会议已经结束了。语境助记：Shedreamedoftravellingallovertheworld.Soshewentoverthemapoverandoveragain.她梦想去环游世界，所以她反复地研究地图。考题3：Thefinalofthebasketballmatch______foranhour,butwearestillveryexcited.A.hasbegunB.hasendedC.hasbeenonD.hasbeenover【点拨】根据“但我们仍然很激动”，可推测比赛“已经结束”，排除A、C选项。空后“一个小时”，与延续性动词搭配。end为非延续性动词，beover为延续性动词。D返回④Theyhavebeenmarriedfor15years.marry/'mæri/v.结婚；嫁；娶考点4marry的用法归纳：①marrysb.娶/嫁给某人②get/bemarriedtosb.与某人结婚③marrysb.tosb.把某人嫁给某人；使某人娶某人marry不能与介词with搭配使用，getmarried与marry都不能与时间段连用，表示延续用bemarried。e.g.Hewillmarrythegirlfirstorlast.他迟早会娶那个姑娘的。Marygotmarriedtoadoctor.玛丽和一位医生结了婚。Theymarriedtheirdaughtertoanexplorer.他们把女儿嫁给了一位探险家。Howlonghavetheybeenmarried?他们结婚多久了？返回⑤Thefishhavebeendeadforsometime.dead/ded/adj.死的e.g.Mygrandmotherhasbeendeadformanyyears.Shediedin1987.我祖母已经去世很多年了，她是1987年去世的。Hisdeathmadeussad.他的去世让我们很伤心。考点5v.死亡，去世n.死亡，去世语境助记：Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears.Hedied

ofcancer.Wewereverysadforhisdeath.他已经去世两年了。他死于癌症。我们为他的去世感到很难过。考题4：Joe’sgrandfather______lastyear.Thatistosay,he______foroneyear.A.died;hasdiedB.died;hasbeendeadC.wasdead;dieD.death;hasbeendead【点拨】根据“lastyear”可知，第一个空所在句为一般过去时，使用动词过去式。根据“Thatistosay,he______foroneyear.”可知，此句为现在完成时，与时间段连用表延续，die为非延续性动词，需要变为bedead。B返回have/hasbeen与have/hasgonehave/hasbeen与have/hasgonehave/hasbeen表示某人曾经去过某地，而且已从某地返回，它讲的是过去的情况，强调去过或没去过，着重于到目前的一个结果。常与ever，never，before，twice，threetimes等连用。①have/hasgone意思是“去了某地，但还没回来”，表示现在人可能在去的途中或已经在那儿了，总之不在说话的现场，因此，它通常用于第三人称，不用于第一或第二人称。②have/hasbeen与have/hasgonehave/hasbeen与have/hasgone不能和一段时间连用，但have/hasbeen+副词时，可与一段时间连用；而have/hasgone+副词不能和一段时间连用。遇到地点副词here，there，home，abroad等时，不加to。③have/hasbeen+in/at+地点则表示某人留在某地，也可和部分名词搭配表示“处在某种状态中”，并常和表示一段时间的时间状语搭配。④1.e.g.IhaveneverbeentoSanyabefore.我以前从未去过三亚。MrZhanghasbeentoAmericatwice.张先生去过美国两次。2.e.g.—Whereisyourbrother?你哥哥在哪儿？—Hehasgonetothelibrary.他去图书馆了。返回3.e.g.Shehasbeenthereforthreedays.她去那儿已经三天了。Sheisn’tathome.Shehasgoneabroad.她不在家。她出国了。4.e.g.HehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.他在北京已经有两年了。Ihavebeenatthebusstopforhalfanhour.我在公共汽车站有半个小时了。返回考题1：[扬州]I______ChinaforthreemonthsandthisisthefirsttimeI’vetriedonhanfu.A.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.havearrivedinD.havebeenin【点拨】考查动词短语。句意：我来中国三个月了，这是我第一次穿汉服。havegoneto去了（而且现在还在）某地；havebeento去过了（而现在没在）某地；havearrivedin已经到了，短暂性动词短语；havebeenin（现在）在某地。根据“forthreemonths”可知，应是在中国三个月了，且应与延续性动词连用。D返回since与forsince与for共同点since和for作介词时，常和表示时间的名词搭配构成时间状语，且谓语多用完成时态，表示某个动作发生在过去，并一直延续到现在，甚至还可能延续下去。①不同点since还可引导时间状语从句，其中since引导的从句为一般过去时，主句为现在完成时，表示“自从这个动作开始以来，一直存在着某种状态”。②since后接的是时间点，for后面接的是时间段。③考点11.e.g.IhavebeeninChinafortwentyyears.我在中国已经二十年了。Shehasbeenheresincelastyear.她自从去年就在这儿。考题2：[鄂州]WhatdoyouthinkofEzhou,LiMing?—It______alotsincewestartedtobuildHuahuAirport.A.changedB.haschangedC.changesD.ischanging【点拨】考查时态。句意：——李明，你认为鄂州怎么样？——自从我们开始建造花湖机场，它变化了很多。根据“sincewestartedtobuildHuahuAirport”可知要用现在完成时，其结构为have/hasdone。B返回2.e.g.Hehasworkedheresincehemovedtothiscity.自从他搬到这个城市以来就在这儿工作。考题3：I______manyplacesofinterestinChongqingsinceI______herelastyear.A.visit;comeB.visited;cameC.havevisited;cameD.havevisited;havecome【点拨】句意：自从去年来重庆，我参观了重庆的许多名胜古迹。根据“sinceI______herelastyear”可知，主句使用现在完成时，结构为have/hasdone；从句为一般过去时。C返回3.e.g.Ihaven’tseenyousincelastyear.自去年起我就没见过你。考题4：Tommustreturnthetwobooks.He_____them_____twoweeksago.A.hasborrowed;forB.hasborrowed;sinceC.haskept;forD.haskept;since【点拨】句意：汤姆必须归还那两本书了。他自从两周前就借了它们。根据“twoweeksago”可知，是过去的时间点，因此用介词since，排除A和C；sincetwoweeksago表示一段时间，因此谓语动词应用延续性动词，排除B。D考题5：[达州]Hisbrotherjoinedthearmythreeyearsago.（改为同义句）Hisbrother______________inthearmyforthreeyears.【点拨】句意：他哥哥三年前参军了。根据“forthreeyears”可知，时态是现在完成时，beinthearmy“参军”表示延续，主语是“Hisbrother”，助动词用has。hasbeen返回延续性动词和非延续性动词延续性动词也可称为持续性动词，表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间，不能和表示“短暂”意义的“点”时间状语连用，常见的有：live，learn，talk，teach，play，read，work，wait，write，walk等。①

考点2延续性动词和非延续性动词非延续性动词也被称作短暂性动词或瞬间动词，表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。常见的有：start，stop，begin，become，buy，borrow，finish，find，end，enter，come，close，go，leave，open，join，die，see等。②非延续性动词通常不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，但一些非延续性动词有相应的同义延续性动词或词组，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。③用法非延续性动词的否定式相当于延续性动词。④非延续性动词用于表示动作持续一段时间，可用句型“Itis（或hasbeen）+时间段+since...”⑤

延续性动词和非延续性动词延续性动词和非延续性动词都可用于完成时的句子中。完成时的句子中若含有表示一段时间的状语，可以用非延续性动词的否定形式，延续性动词或相当于延续性动词的动词短语作谓语。⑥常见的非延续性动词要用延续性动词或短语代替才可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。⑦

1.e.g.“昨天上午八点下雨。”这个句子译成英语，如果写成：Itrainedateightyesterdaymorning.就错了。这是因为rain是延续性动词，而ateight是一个“点”时间状语，表示一个短暂的时间概念。把它们用在一起，显然是矛盾的，应改为：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.这是因为begin是个非延续性动词，它当然能和ateight这个“点”时间状语搭配。返回2.使用这些动词时要注意动词和时间状语的合理搭配，否则就会产生逻辑上的错误。例如：“他死了三年了。”此句不能译成：Hehasdiedforthreeyears.这是因为die是非延续性动词，而forthreeyears是一个“段”时间状语。他怎么能一直“死”了三年呢？只有把动词或时间状语作如下调整，句子才能合理。（1）用Itis