第三节 文言常用词-2020届中考语文备考讲义

第三节文官常用词

点£*点）

考点一解存文言实词

考试范围：《初中文言文常用词培会》（《全H制义务效力ifl文课程｝准》附录31

■一一♦■______________

«1（2019湖―**乂古汉语常用字字典》中“国”字的义项用①国家,②周代濡茨⑴

及汉以后王或快的封地：③国都,京城.《SPJH8一人》中“国人道之.闻之于宋百”的-Ifi-

的意思是（项序号）

【解析J本慝与1E文言词语的权1L“的”在文盲文中一度以-as-（0“国廓”对君京县

佑台语境K*I,这里-ar的京愿力・国都.京城二

-I"“

1.平时注窟枳取并率期常用常写的文育父词的感思和用法,使热记课文中的通假字、一词

名义、古今异义.周奕话用部.并ii吧学会迁移坛川，考试时的文台诃码,句子很方都是曝外

的.但是14枝注鞭黑内都能找到.

2.文言实词的推新方法

U施夔推义iA。汉字小是表包忖质的，从字形可以懵小字义•虽历姓潴变，惫的功葩

并没有完全丧失.这钟表意功肥就是理蚱词义的已知条件2一.内比.对字施^构।史登是象形

r、公恿字和形声字）哂分析用以常助我们报或？的电义。此外古汉弟中的通粗字葩，、多数为形

近递假，故而借助字膨还可以两助我们识别通胃字.例：“伯而见能“中一仿”是t•会曲字，

一个“人”・一个“肓'意为人肓其实.此句中的“俏”就解拜为“真实

（2）语堆分析法。个文自实词眼有多个义项.做在特定的i3育环境中.其就XtiJX是唾

一的，因此现们一定位?H杷实词放在沿三环境中来专6分析，根据上下文来进行词义的推断，

W<-MJttR；.见可砍终不受尽心”中的“诉”神的同学译为-Wft".行的国学洋为“怙过二

£；上”.””“笈~国•班出驾号该即⑥\W-im'GBMMM用肾①：格加印网

印•印加和他然上看,冬m时鼾:©即便斗士工以。界例名附。#法迨8察网,卜、

B»#»H

♦如¥他丫:爆她。

'•京花“-二•卡。将借由“力”京3'闻•红”“该“♦必算迨4.七8'“俄'型:「

学常”“雷必•。孙我地f~第•取v•*叁用福•为川基*/X号注安段携事*第的g若/7

。早"金旬*灯要上力常号〈•¥8奥¥#*4像博累舰与席*【势斓】

方用正王

N⑷我说,»!»G

淞哨少为讲'岸一一的王

¥¥+'电力•官田3

13王j?$1:「&野

附出上来’加曲旗帮fl

或步14'"N延西

殳¥国也日V

（⑴田已侨回时召图时K耳印国力叫小」一何羽2恬N（方力8*宝坪6【慎）1用

W@・

«E*用＜刑科用解＞小'修例XIMRW》）《更显饵阳就NVX小他）:阳史）£?生

便事WXM婢二'草品

•R闻兰衣加!倒修'索用'R耳5U!泄讣W?UK1

1«1»•切小亭强酒•，饼耳才"JUT』也酊中U1¥»,网网•麻HXME单

W.|.»ytV!*Xi'同比X出‘痢川力I”.vn-由根比ME#M淘胤州4W3MD附•烈M•甲

M岱除*猾，矽小*制旧出小时，期就•酒/即囹#间》F7&中•亚》Q面砧

.汪3卜.3即“•侑勖丫少!》¥金中翻空#4荻加

起迂技作用的，如“及”“wr-rfc。④起通气助词作用的，如"也--广-就--0“

4.结合词⑦所在向f的句惫懵断虚词的意思.It如父方田说的画名义现皎.做同时用玉

点考底它在不同沿境中的《网含义，避什认*比较.贴合训埴，明耕诩气，Mmma.mute

好令本刊近班.人多以虚词有名附用法,心藕定其具体欢义用也.义如站台反林的上下攵.探

令运用文堂理解与句法分析.

町因练月

七年场上加

8.《世说新语》-JR

•如识盛度•

I一点词语解释

a嘀太停案.日内攀__________________________________________________________

(21与儿女讲・论・文义____________________________________________________________

(3弊®雪SR___________________________________________________________

⑷公区茎H___________________________________________________________

⑶家砧空中革可叔____________________________________________________________

⑹木芍MSMM..U______________________________________________________

(71陈太丘.友般行____________________________________________________________

(拗太丘舍•去•__________________________________________________________________

去后乃*至__________________________________________________________________

••在不・_________________________________________________________________

(11)特母久不至_______________________________________________________________

(12)作人处___________________________________________________________________

(13)相聿而去_________________________________________________________________

(3阳与冬目期日中___________________________________________________________

★自业期改耳的，(。

一有杜良:自杜除)

出j。好少”J

一加1则可少丫⑹

一★如好少⑵

7k而即备”)

百跳热M斗两-I

•密■藩呕,•

匚+-II

-H《小。阴面YWZ)

"包伊冬一"血：iI".WD

-Es

一妾业山口匕

____________________________卜k

一业与日u1

Y«M-*

UIW不。土加,K&*‘X早》彳今力•万"品母|

*

■或•粕祝—,-中早询与式:,狎脚外

品可考'我烫：X。：一"中早斗峥*崂

面。加凰111X。»,X.9q二丫「⑺

W7WWU.W"'一2芋二卧耳¥”)

X旗&*f

-t

而+UY必M(9i)

一7•向节C<si)

⑻佳不习乎__________________________________________________________________

⑺节五而惠子学__________________________________________________________

(10)三十而•*>_________________________________________________________________

(“那十前不哥_______________________________________________________________

(12)五十而知彳年_____________________________________________________________

(13)六十而耳•J・K____________________________________________________

(14)不中堂__________________________________________________________________

"S阁改而知曲______________________________________________________________

学而不思用用____________________________________________________________

(16)(

(1力用而不学则可____________________________________________________________

(18)人不单其忧______________________________________________________________

知之才不如好之希________________________________________________________

(19)*♦

(20)好之者不如学之省________________________________________________________

(21)日掠食，饮4；__________________________________________________

心厅我如浮云______________________________________________________________

(23)三人行.必行我师生______________________________________________________

抒真善者而从

(24)・«Z________________________________________________

(25)了在“I上口______________________________________________________________

<26>ifi苔如的玄______________________________________________________________

(27牛,可9«'也____________________________________________________________

(M)l^^不可夺走也__________________________________________________________

，29)博学而子多______________________________________________________________

(酬仁住其中矣______________________________________________________________

(

2.通抑字

”)不亦说手.同.

(却任十有五而志于学•网•用于整数和零数力间

3.占今异义

(1，学间附•习•之

时,占义：:今义：附同

X.古文，I今义，学》1

办有胆口近方未

古义：:今义：朋友

・・

H,古义，.今义，太不

三.古义；：今义：故N，三

⑷挣其求厚而从之占义.»今必帚(1的人

描，“以为师矣古处____________«今义，我系可娶，讳“

⑹恢或tr.沈小

灰，占义,!今又；3、藐散

水,古义，.今又，无色.无味的液体，包拈冷、热水

4.一词名义

I为人说的不忠f__________________

可以为施餐_________________________

1人不即而4'tti____________________

(2)卤］根故向如斯_________________

［博学而玲志_________________________

［人不知而不怛_______________________

(孰知(知之行不如好之柠__________________

［温故而和新_________________________

不办乐乎___________________________

好之者不如乐之»__________________

1否r有宣加上T字__________________

⑸V博学而篁志_________________________

I择其善者而从之____________________

’6艮1人右堀以忧.

5.词类活用

学而手习之作状诺.

(2>?rn:古科介作状语，椁灭

⑶修不习乎_______作名词•看仲代投的知识

(4座之齐不如学之齐好..一作南词,&ft.变补

乐，_______意动用U,以……为快乐

闾温故而知行故.作名词.学过的知识

».作幺词,新的理*和体介

南像蔬母饮水_______件动词.电

15.谑于书

1.■曲词通解铎

⑶吩以修编俭以养__________________________________________________________

出非淡泊无以手志____________________________________________________________

⑶非宁酢fcUKis_________________________________________________________

⑷非学无以厂才______________________________________________________________

⑼举慢则不能吵______________________________________________________________

的口跌则不能治______________________________________________________________

••

{71年与时电__________________________________________________________________

的厚或怙落__________________________________________________________________

2.古今弁义

”俳？中无以敢运古义：«今义：环境上的安小不咕杂

⑵鞍映则不径治牝古义：：今义：危险

(31注性则不能时脩古义，»今义।与"快.Hit!

(由意与去古义，.今义，阳开所在地方到别处

H*

3.一丽多又

夫学朱布也____________________________

学

IF±无以成学__________________________

4.涧夷活用

(h非淡泊无以可志____________作劭词,明由.

(21II-is»LUKis作W词.远大山,

(却非学无以广才使动用法.使♦-•增长

18..

••

1.母点词需好什

”叫:有剜骨_____________________________________________________________________

(lli•Htrf•iis_______________________________________________________________

⑶-狼仍丛_____________________________________________________________________

(4)而两狼之井•哒•如故•_____________________________________________________________

6冲1野1T麦场__________________________________________________________________

⑹场主弟晔其中_________________________________________________________________

⑺单担杵刀_____________________________________________________________________

⑻喀时相向_____________________________________________________________________

,1少时，一独径去________________________________________________________________

••••

(io黑一8坐rM__________________________________

(li)X±.14MK___________________________________________________________

(I2)«KM_______________________________________________________________

(13海,图_____________________________________________________________________

(14)奴网H中_________________________________________________________________

(15)意相磔入以攻共后也_______________________________________________________

乃僧松眼微寒______________________________________________________________

(16)(••t

(17)ffi以诱敌___________________________________________________________________

)取亦就臾.而澳制西

<ix••・WB..........................................................................................-

(19启州之掌中几句«8____________________________________________________

2.占今算X

(I，国口第斯共取占义，•今义：展收

⑵IIm英斗古义，।今义，杵公

(31*曾之生小几何畿古义।«今幻一门学内，招儿何学

•・

J.一词多义

「而的能之并知如故___________________

IM门「断箕股.亦区之

(II之工

久之.nm.aiwtt

［内小之变作几何®___________________

港前R受其故--------

I姑职蔺式中一-------------------

(力真为方向欢下

口将-------------------------

卦前后受其故.

⑶故

ifilUi育依一

止和出n____________________________

(4>it-»wit±______________________

止增更降____________________________

JHUR.ftWK___________________

总I意将陲人以及其后也

|恐前后受其改________________________

⑹翊”「”上,

I狼小前前____________________________

投以骨______________________________

(7»以｛以nKKtt______________________

前以虏改____________________________

4.词类活用

________作名词._____________

1.21Kd世干曲IIL.,..

俺y其中件劭词.

(41点将催入口收其后也作状语，

，治「I2其电_______作动词，

⑹餐不敢照_______付动词,

22.寓自四则

I.空点诃语解理

⑴家无井扁liiAvli___________________________________________________________

(却乂其京穿并_______________________________________________________________

⑶有［》而传之者_____________________________________________________________

(4ll4AifiZ_________________________________________________________________

丁氏对*H_________________________________________________________________

(6)终日在天中0<l•l___________________________________________________________

⑺辇g忧帼唆乎_____________________________________________________________

的？管％___________________________________________________________________

曲若踊步微监_______________________________________________________________

2.造假字

其人台然大国•问.

3.古今异义

u四A道之古义：__________：今义：一个国家的人民

(却身亡所寄古义：:今义：死亡、灭亡

(3»WftlftZ占义：：今义：知道

(4由辑伸呼吸古义।x今义，如果

4.•同名义

I有闻而传之若

3叫时之「宋台

求闻之若此_________________________

若屈伸呼吸________________________

氽之丁氏___________________________

有屁而传之若_______________________

却一人之使_________________________

｛求W网IF之tt为Z此______________________________________

J问之于丁氏________________________

'"'hi勺人r并中也

七年ta下册

4.孙权劝学

I.五点词语解和

(n«ain«fi।____________________________________________________________

(21卿今当•涂•学事_____________________________________________________________

⑶诙可〃军中«号___________________________________________________________

(和孤•之•欲O泊•纨•为神上邪•____________________________________________________

的但当涉号_________________________________________________________________

(4)______________________________________________________________

E熟发菰___________________________________________________________________

(却堂〃始就学_______________________________________________________________

作)及鲁市,J阳_____________________________________________________________

(10)卿今者/用tg吴下间袋________________________________________________

2.通信字

见岂欧如治长为博士邪・同.

3.古今异义

(1)较仔坡军中g务古义：:今义：去卧制人

(2瑾岂歆卿也较为野［嘛

贝.古义，：今义，孤版.孤独

泊,古义：：今义：治理

阚土，占义：.今文；学做的最岛«

(3)见耳占义，।今义，比去的小

■电。涉到古义：：今义：M折连潮•似出

⑸望乃始联学古义，I今义I表示将在根切的时向内发生

⑶茎备京过寻阳古义，____________.今义，以及

(71即电对II郴怙占义：:今义：更fin

uh大兄何必事之晚乎AK«：今义：而见

4.词心又

■!当深掌事___________________________

(l*________________________

|爱辟以军中多多____________________

，2,nft以hktfffiU____________________

।J她往事耳__________________________

131n大兄何她坐之喔乎

pttifcU.AW_______________

(女大I大兄何见*之晚子

8.木兰诗

1.更点词语解标

为•市•鞍弓________________________________________________________

⑵力驰赴出句_____________________________________________________________

（3）关山曳廿飞_____________________________________________________________

（4叫）气伸金柝_____________________________________________________________

（srftWff,用*_____________________________________________________________

（创苫我旧时宾_____________________________________________________________

E雄兔脚抄场_____________________________________________________________

（却双鱼伤地上_____________________________________________________________

・•

的安徒那我是雄簟_________________________________________________________

2.逋假字

对俭帖花黄.同

3-古今异又

”母卷有节名A义：：今义：指爷爷.却父亲的父亲

⑵但闻黄河流水鸣赛戏占义：_：今义：转折连词

*

（3）出多相扶将古义：（今又：f又用作姓代

（4）双处傍地走A义：：今义，行走

4.代梦义

东布买酸q______________________

UlilJ

想为市鞍马_________________________

!昨夜史军帖_________________________

‘蜀帖i对爱帖花黄________________________

5.词类活用

⑴单妫十二转作动词.

（2川国燕山娥哪吗或啾f.名词•一

12.卖油翕

I.1点词语解释

⑴除收41公中9L

(却公亦叹此自•n•_____________________________________________________

(3)不射FXH_______________________________________________________

(4M卖油念.出而立_____________________________________________________________

同国之久而不去_________________________________________________________________

(6)y微耳之________________________________________________________________

(71康/起落*H__________________________________________________

⑶尔*敢险开肘___________________________________________________________

0以投里油知之___________________________________________________________

(is#取一劭芦g于地______________________________________________________

”1储以和的油也之________________________________________________________

”2施相美@型Z_______________________________________________

2.通假字

"wir热尔.R____.

(21馀以杓的油沥之.同

3.占今界文

⑴尔冬敢轻杼酎古义：：今义：平安,安全

(21?多热尔古义；:今义：去朴折

⑶睨之久而不去右义，s今义：利,在

4.•词后义

,.［但手熟尔—

“你|尔安年轻吾"

|公办以此白秽.

凶以I以钱雇共门_

’但循虢之一

以我的油知之.

(3)之1

徐以杓的油沏之

.美而遣之_______

Hniift）立___________________________

,而用如L入.而钱小温

次肃契而遣之_______

,」兄其黛矢卜中八九

⑸其I以钱腾其n_____

裳射于家■_________________________

若射不亦相乎.

词类常用

作动词.

（D1HW*MZ______

（2你安敢除杵射作动词.

3）尔安敢轻普射作名词,

16.短文两篇

1.北点词ifi解科

（U存龙则灵*________________________________________________________________

⑵心足M型________________________________________________________________

⑶把各祢学________________________________________________________________

（4山决无自丁______________________________________________________________

（S）无统•r•r之乱•H____________________________________

⑹无挈族之浮.____________________________________________________________

（71可爱寻其苒______________________________________________________________

⑻「独爱蓬之用淤混而不华__________________________________________________

（9哪泊证而不后____________________________________________________________

（10）不«*不枝♦_______________________________________________________________

31）孕¥冲单_______________________________________________________________

（i2）»m«而不M央.玩我_____________________________________________________

2.古今弁又

(I)读关自*德俑古义：；今义：沿*，肉信

(21亭亭部怛占义，»今义।肿帕

⑶困后野布网再又，।今义，新解

3.一同名义

，无疑竹之乱耳_________________________

I，，二斤______

之＜水fit草木之花—

•1.花上"广者也_____________________

、于独爱现：.电而不柒

4.词类活用

(D石仙明名作动诃.

(2)无案膜之浮杉使动用法.

⑶不$不您________作动词，

⑷件增益滔作动词.

24.河中石■

1.要点涧ifi第甘

⑴沧州南一夺尊河干________________________________________________________

(2＞与不可用________________________________________________________________

⑶尔安不能为中日_________________________

(4)3微为小涨携之去______________________________________________________

⑸沿网求之.不亦械乎______________________________________________________

(创必于石下迎水处咱沙为坎穴________________________________________________

如•是・种喷________________________________________________________________

⑻淮反%肛逆匕笑__________________________________________________________

如我二，果得数里外___________________________________________________

•••T

(1。便y天下之5___________________________________________________________

(II理如其一，不知其二青名矣_______________________________________________

(1力可据理均手欤___________________________________________________________

2.古今界又

(“二石兽井*沉。古义I!今义I件瓠

I却步1b木栉占义t«今义r判断动词

⑶因卜余岁古义：:今义：倒走

⑷国行性•不虱占处,今义।有杷蔽作用的渤物

的求之卜流.学艇古义，____________.今义।M固

⑹尔基不能先学犀占义：:今义：物理学

3•词多义

I岂俺为耻没携之去___________________

“‘±i西置之去南海_______________________

।岂能为正深携之去__________________

⑵为i必于石下迎木处唠沙力炊穴

一老河兵闻/_______________________

之其反影之力—

求之雄中___________________________

4词类温用

(I2数小舟作动词.

(21岂能为*濯携之去作名词，_________

八年级上册

9.三收

I.重点词IA的纤

a)有•无•阙处______________________________________________________________

(2)不见中H_______________________________________________________________

01至T•厦水案*或___________________________________________________________

⑷中号阻绝_______________________________________________________________

⑸熟迎奔事仪_____________________________________________________________

161改*名施味_______________________________________________________________

凄弁_______________________________________________________________

2.逋假字

咕无阑处.同,

3-古今异又

成王命怂宣占义：：今义：表示选择的关联词

4.•词多义

自柞号,夜分______________________

口三峡七&典中____________________

常有高狭长骗______________________

巴东三岐不帔长_____________________

S.同类活用

(D乘？御风作名词.

(2速芾绿蹲作名词,

⑶同,例彤作名词，

10.短文二II

I.正点词语解样

(1)五色文・姆•_____

(即沉鳞立状_____

（31次是歆•界•上仙郊___________________________________________________

⑷2:斗松力_________________________________________________________

（马相•与•步＞中应______________________________________________________

南艳卜如积木室里____________________________________________________

m事竹柏彬也________________________________________________________

2.古今畀义

（1，四日俱备占义，I今义，时间

⑵晓尊将卷古义：:今义：休息

（31夕H欧腕*古义।.今义；而沉，黄腐

（小月色人？古义，.今义，主要指人至《1隙

⑸含无•。力乐皆古义：:今义：纪念.把含

・胆•少用•人•如吾两人育耳

但.古义，.今义1连词,我“听，这是

WA.古义।:今文：拈与小无关的人,多含贬义

3.一同K义

夕H秋融__________________________

实是欲界之仙都_____________________

米置有能*j«奇*___________________

（2»-4'2:无写为乐书______________________

相与用于中庭______________________

4.词类语用

，口色交写作动词，

口）用与*步子中应_________作动词.

II.*与朱元用书

I.重点词IA的纤

(hAiftm.任总李西____________________________________________________

⑵水声停芍_______________________________________________________________

。［念瑞8晚_______________________________________________________________

(小@势竟上_______________________________________________________________

⑸互相5.Fq____________________________________________________________

161泉水・.行，冷•泠•作响____________________________________________________

，呼孑我的_______________________________________________________________

渐蟀则/甘不/___________________________________________________________

|加横日上敲_______________________________________________________________

(10)在艮*ft______________________________________________________________

2.通他字

“I蚓则千特不穷.同.

(2)或谷£反.R.

3古今界义

(DHM阳至制庐一百年里古义，i今义।或声.应允.贵许等

⑵“卷世务者古义：：今义：器舁过的泰丝，比0治理Lfl/的力能

(3｝南飞决(天者古义；.今;1：罪过，来张

4.一词乡又

天下独维___________________________

⑴绝

猿则育叫无葩_______________________

I负药竟上___________________________

。叫横柄二

一|一百i午里___________________________

j族则有叫无地_______________________

5.词类活用

，1、明俱■净_______ft动诃.

⑵任左李竹作状曲.

⑶猛浪，涛_______作名词•

14>',',■­.

(马里峰*总心_______便动用法，

21.《孟子》二章

1.一点词语解驿

(U公抄忻,张仪当小城大丈夫散______________________________________________

⑵是耳科为大丈夫手_________________________________________________________

⑶丈夫之日也_______________________________________________________________

⑷往送多门_________________________________________________________________

(勒戒之H____________________________________________________________

的以独为点者_______________________________________________________________

{7)与民［11之_________________________________________________________________

(8佛猿7叫就乙中____________________________________________________________

(9语里奏举于中______________________________________________________________

(10)打拼仪典所为_____________________________________________________________

(11)所以幽g件_____________________________________________________________

(12谭F色，发FM而后咿___________________________________________________

(13)△明无法案拚上___________________________________________________________

2.通■印

(1)往之女衣.同.

(物善益共所不能.冏

(3