专题-10-高考英语语法【虚拟语气】核心考点聚焦-高考英语

高考英语必背手册专题十虚拟语气考点一、if条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气主句谓语动词从句谓语动词虚拟现在should/would/could/might＋do过去式(be用were)虚拟过去should/would/could/might＋havedonehad＋过去分词虚拟将来should/would/could/might＋do过去式/weretodo/should＋do①与现在事实相反IfIwereyou,Iwouldseizethechancetogoabroad.②与过去事实相反Ifyouhadn'tencouragedme,Iwouldnothavebeenadmittedtothisuniversity.如果不是你鼓励我，我就不会被这所大学录取。Theymighthavefoundabetterhoteliftheyhaddrivenafewmorekilometers.如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn'tbeenwearingone,Iwouldhavebeeninjured.我当时系着安全带。如来没系的话，我会受伤的。Ifthenewsafetysystemhadbeenbroughtintouse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.如果新的安全系统已经投入使用，事故就不会发生了。③与将来事实相反Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.如果明天下雨的话，我就呆在家里。Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifsheweretolivethere,shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。④如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时间状语。Ifyouhadnotwatchedtelevisionsolatelastnight,youwouldnotbesosleepynow.如果你昨晚不是看电视看得这么晚，你现在就不会这么困了。Wewouldbebackinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。MaybeifIhadstudiedscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.也许如果当时我学的是理科而不是文科，那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。【名师点津】如果在表示虚拟语气的if条件句中含有were,had或should,可将if省略，然后将were,had或should等词置于句首，形成倒装。Werehehere,everythingwouldbealright.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthetrip.如果明天下雨，我们就推迟旅行。Had

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如果我没有留下那句话，我就不会有这样的机会。Hadthegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether,AIDS-relateddeathswouldn'thavefallensincetheirhighestin2005.要是没有政府和科学家的合作，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高值降下来。Wereitnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.如果没有老师的帮助，这个学生克服不了她的困难。考点二、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有：由介词（短语）with；without；butfor（要不是）等，或由连词otherwise/or（否则）；and,；but；butthat（要不是；若非）等代替if条件句。Icouldn'thavefinishedtheworkontimewithoutyourhelp.如果没有你的帮助，我不可能按时完成工作。Iwasillthatday,otherwiseIwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.那天我病了，否则我就参加运动会了。Butforyourtimelywarning,wewouldhavegotintogreattrouble.要不是你及时警告，我们的麻烦就大了。Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwewouldhavenowheretostaynow.幸好我们订了房间，否则我们现在就没有地方住了。Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisetheywouldhaveaccomplishedthetaskinhalfthetime.工人们没有被更好地组织，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务。—DoyouhaveBetty’sphonenumber?—你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？—Yes.Otherwise,Iwouldn’thavebeenabletoreachheryesterday.—是的，不然我昨天就不可能联系上她了。ManyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearoundbutforThomasEdison.要不是托马斯·爱迪生，我们现在从中获益的很多东西就不会存在。考点三、虚拟语气在从句中的运用1.虚拟语气用于其它状语从句asif/though引导的让步和方式状语从句；inorderthat,sothat,incase,forfearthat引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词可用（should)doHelooksasifhewereanartist.他看起来像个艺术家。Hetalkedabouttheaccidentasifhehadseenit.他谈论那起事故，就好像他亲眼看见过一样。Keepquietincaseyou(should)interrupthim.保持安静，以防你打断他的话。Sheisnowstudyinghardforfearthatshe(should)failintheexam.她现在正努力学习，以免考试不及格。2.虚拟语气用于名词性从句①虚拟语气用于主语从句之中在“Itis/was＋adj./done＋that...”句型中，that引导的主语从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的形容词或过去分词有important，necessary，natural,surprising,vital，strange等。Itisnecessarythathe(should)sortouttheinformationformyreference.他有必要整理一些资料供我参考。Itisstrangethathe(should)fallinlovewithsuchasnobbishgirl.说来真怪，他竟与那位势利的姑娘坠入情网。②demanded,required,desired,advised，suggested,ordered,decided,requested,recommended等用于句型“Itis+过去分词＋that...”中，that引导的主语从句中谓语动词常用“（should)do”形式Itisdemandedthatatomicweapons(should)beprohibited.根据要求禁止使用原子武器。Itisorderedthatyou(should)bepresentatthemeeting.根据命令，你必须出席会议。Itissuggestedthatmiddleschoolstudents(should)takeatleastonehourexerciseeveryday.有人建议中学生每天至少锻炼一小时。3.虚拟语气用于宾语从句之中①在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后接的宾语从句中，以及这些动词的名词形式后接的同位语或表语从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的此类动词：一坚持(insist)、二命令(order,command)、三要求(require,demand,request)、四建议(suggest,advise,propose,recommend)。AsFatherandMotherthoughtitwasabigoccasionforme,theysuggestedI(should)holdabirthdaypartyathometocelebrateit.因为爸爸和妈妈认为这对我来说是一个大场合，他们建议我在家里举行一个生日聚会来庆祝它。ShesuggestedthatDalejointhedebatingteam,believingthatpracticeinspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.她建议戴尔参加辩论队，她认为辩论队里的演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。注意：当suggest作“暗示，表明”，insist作“坚持认为”讲时，从句要用陈述语气。Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.他的沉默表明他同意我的决定。Heinsistedthathehadn’tstolenthemoney.他坚持说他没有偷过钱。Iproposethathe(should)putanadvertisementinthelocalpaper.我建议他在当地报纸上登一则广告。TheyinsistthatI(should)staythereforsupper.他们坚持要我留在那里吃晚饭。ShesuggestedthatDalejointhedebatingteam,believingthatpracticeinspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.她建议戴尔加入辩论队，相信练习说话可以给他所需的信心和认可。②wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气：情况从句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be动词一般用were)与过去事实相反had＋过去分词与将来事实相反would/could/might＋动词原形Iwishthathevisitedustoday.但愿他今天来拜访我们。Iwishthathehadvisitedus/couldhavevisitedusyesterday.要是他昨天来看我们就好了。Iwishthathewould/could/mightvisitustomorrow.我希望他明天能来看我们。Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishIdancedaswellasher.埃伦是一个极出色的舞者。我希望我能够跳得和她一样好。Ifeelsosick.Iwishmymotherhadn’tforcedmetoeatsomuch.我想呕吐。我真希望我妈妈没强迫我吃这么多。Whenyouphonedme,Iwashavingameeting；howIwishIhadansweredyourcall.当你给我打电话的时候，我正在开会；我多么希望我(之前)接了你的电话。IwishIhadbeenatmysister’sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.我真希望上周二参加了妹妹的婚礼，不过我当时正在纽约出差。Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishIhadasecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活，我希望自己能再获得一次机会去更多地参与其中。③wouldrather所接的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，表示对现在或将来的虚拟；从句谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的虚拟。I’dratherhehadgonetotheseasidewithmethedaybeforeyesterday.我宁愿他前天和我一起去了海边。Johnwantstoseemenow,butIhavesomuchworkonhandthatIwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.约翰现在想看我，但是我手头有很多工作要做，我宁愿他明天来而不是今天。Wewouldratherourdaughterstayedathomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.我们宁愿女儿待在家，陪在我们身边，但是选择权在她手里，毕竟她不再是个孩子了。④在wouldyoumind+if从句中用过去时态。比较：WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow?如果我打开窗户，你不反对吧?DoyoumindifIsmoke?我抽烟你不介意吧?⑤在expect，believe，think，suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中；在Itisapity...，Itisashame...，Itisincredible...，Itisstrange...，Itisnowonder...等结构后的主语从句中；在Iamsorry、Weweresurprised，Theyweredisappointed等结构后的状语从句中用should十动词原形(或完成形式)，表示惊奇、惶惑、怀疑、不满等作用，意思为“竟然”，一般不可省略should。Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesoconceited.真遗憾他竟会这样自高自大。Ineverexpectedthattheproblemshouldbesocomplicated.我从来没想到问题竟然会这样复杂。Theyjustcouldn'tbelievethatthenewstadiumshouldbesobig.他们简直不相信新体育场竟会这样大。5.虚拟语气用于表语从句和同位语从句之中suggestion,proposal,demand,request,order,advice,desire等表示建议、要求、命令等名词，后接的表语从句、同位语从句中谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形。Allmyrequestisthatyou(should)bethereearly.我唯一的请求就是你早点到那里。Myproposalwasthatnecessarymeasures(should)betakentoprotectthechildrenfromdangeroussituations.我的建议是采取必要的措施保护孩子们免受危险。Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies(should)besenttotheearthquake­strickenareasoon.马上把医疗用品送到地震灾区的命令来了。Mysuggestionwasthatnecessarymeasures(should)betakentoprotectthechildrenfromdangeroussituations.我的建议是采取必要措施来保护孩子们远离危险的境遇。考点四、表示事与愿违的虚拟语气的用法1.shouldhavedone=oughttohavedone本应该…Youshouldhavewornmoreclothesthatday.那天你本该多穿些衣服。2.shouldnothavedone/oughtnottohavedone本不应该Weshouldn'thavelefthimhomealone.我们本不该把他一个人留在家里。3.besupposedtodo本应该…Youaresupposedtodielikethat.像这样死去的本该是你。4.besupposedtohavedone本应该·Youaresupposedtohavereceivedtheletter.你本该早就收到那封信了。5.might(not)havedone可能(不可能)做过…Hemayhavefinishedhisworkalready.他可能已经完成他的工作了。6.needn'thavedone本没有必要.Youneedn'thavetypedtheletteryourself.你本不必自己把信打出来。7.couldhavedone本能够…Icouldhavearrivedthereontime.我本来能够按时到达。WheneverImademistakesandfeltdiscouraged,myteacherandmyclassmateswouldhelpmefigureouthowIcouldhaveavoidedthem.每当我犯了错误，感到气馁的时候，我的老师和同学们都会帮助我弄清楚本该如何避免他们。8.wouldliketohavedone=wouldhavelikedtodo本打算做…Iwouldliketohaveseenthefilmbutanunexpectedfriendcamelastnight.昨天晚上我本打算去看电影，但是一个朋友来了。9.meant/planned/hoped/wanted/thought/intended/supposed/expected...+tohavedone=hadmeant/hadplanned/hadhoped/hadwanted/hadthought/hadintended/hadsupposed/hadexpected...+todo本打算……，本以为……Ihopedtohavepassedtheexam,butIfailed.=Ihadhopedtopasstheexam,butIfailed.我本以为能通过考试，但失败了。考点五、三个固定句式中的虚拟语气句式现在虚拟过去虚拟将来虚拟ifonly引导的条件句及感叹句过去式had＋过去分词would/could/might＋动词原形asif/though引导的表语从句