2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题

虹口区2023学年度第二学期期中学生学习能力诊断测试高三英语试卷2024.04考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上。=1\*ROMANI.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Onafarm. B.Atalibrary. C.Inasnackbar. D.Inadepartmentstore.2.A.7:00. B.7:30. C.8:00. D.8:30.3.A.Sheisinferiortohiminmaths. B.Sheisreallygoodatmaths.C.Shedoesn’tworkhardatmaths. D.Shedidn’tdowellinthistest.4.A.Hegotinjuredyesterday. B.Hedidn’tfinishhispaperontime.C.Hefailedtosubmithispaperontime. D.Hecouldn’tfocushismindonthepaper. 5.A.HeadmiresEmmaforhercourage. B.Hedoesn’tunderstandwhatEmmasaid.C.HegetsangrywithEmmaatthemeeting. D.HethinksEmmashouldtakeabusinesscourse.6.A.Thewomanislookingforaresearchtopic. B.Thewomanisstrugglingwithdataanalysis.C.Themanistoobusytoofferhelp. D.Themancan’tmakesenseofthedata.7.A.Theyarestressedoutduetotheirwork.B.Theycarelittleaboutthelackofofficesupplies.C.Theyareconcernedabouttheoffice’scleanliness.D.Theyaretornbetweenworkandfamilyresponsibilities.8.A.ProfessorWangisverygoodatteachingbiology.B.Itisunfortunateforthemantohavebiologyclass.C.Thebiologicalproblemishardforallthestudents.D.Themanstilldoesn’tunderstandtheproblem.9.A.Styleschangemorequicklythannecessary.B.Youngstersdon’treallyknowwhatfashionis. C.Peopleshouldcaremoreabouttheirappearance.D.It’snotsensibletogoafterdesignerclothing.10.A.Themanmusttakehistoryclassesthisterm.B.Sciencecourseisnotavailablethisterm.C.Therewillbeanewhistoryteacherthisterm.D.Shedoesn’tknowwhattherequiredcoursesarethisterm.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Amysteriouscode. B.Atheoryofpersonalitytypes.C.Apersonalitytype. D.Atesttoidentifyone’spersonality.12.A.Tojudgeanindividual’sabilities. B.Toidentifyabnormality.C.Tohelppeopleunderstandthemselves. D.Tohelpsettleworkplaceconflicts.13.A.Whetheritcanpromoteworkefficiency.B.Whetheritcanserveitsintendedpurpose.C.Whetheritcanpromotethepublicationofstudies.D.Whetheritcanshowpeople’spsychologicalstatus.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Theyhavebeensenttowildlifeparksforprotection.B.Theirhabitatshavebeenwell-protected.C.Theyhavebeentakencareofbylocals.D.Theirpopulationhasalmostdoubled.15.A.Shefoughtagainstillegalhunting. B.Shehelpedtocuretheirdisease.C.Sheimprovedtheirlivingconditions. D.Shewasengagedinpreservingforests.16.A.Toteachpeoplehowtotreatgorillas. B.ToboosttheeconomyofUganda.C.TobettertheBatwapeople’slives. D.Toraisefundsforwildlifeprotection.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.RaisingfundstofilmtheX-FilesTVseries. B.Switchingfromanacademicpathtoacting.C.Givingupthehard-wonpositionofadoctor.D.RejectingtheoffersfromtheIvyLeague.18.A.Beingthoughtfulandsomewhatofaloner. B.Havingascientificapproachtolife.C.Enjoyingriskyadventures. D.Beingoverlyoptimistic.19.A.Hedidn’tgotocollege. B.Heisseriousandfocused.C.Hedoesn’tbelieveinUFOs. D.Hesufferedalotfromhisdivorce.20.A.Youwillgrowstrongerbyovercomingchallenges.B.Youarenotsupposedtoblameothersevenifyouarehurt.C.Youcan’tpreventothershurtingyoufromtimetotime.D.Youwillbecomepowerfulifdrivenbyyourdesires.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.NoFilmingatConcertsandMovieTheatersonPhones“Please,noflashphotography.”Politerequestslikethiscanbefoundinmuseumsallovertheworld,buttheygenerallydon’tdiscouragepeoplefromtakingphotosof(21)_________theyfeellike.Thesamegoesforconcerts,movietheatersandotherplaces(22)_________peopleroutinelyignorefilmingrestrictions.AnewpatentfromApplemayblockthatrule-breakingfeature—onphonesatleast.Thepatent,(23)_________(award)toAppletoday,outlinesasystemwhichwouldallowvenues,likeconcerthallsortheaters,touseaninfraredemitter(红外发射器)toremotelydisablethecamerafunctiononsmartphones.Accordingtothepatent,infraredbeamscouldbepickedupbythecamera,andinterpretedbythesmartphoneasacommand(24)_________(block)theuserfromtakinganyphotosorvideos.Manymusiciansandperformershavebannedcellphonesfromtheirshows(25)_________theyobjecttothefreefootagecirculatingaroundtheweb.(26)_________this,imagesstillmanagetoleakout.Prince’slastconcertbeforehepassedawayinAprilwassupposedtobecellphone-free—itapparentlywasn’t.IfApple’spatent(27)_________(introduce)intoiPhonesoftware,withvenuesputtinginfraredemittersaroundtheirstage,leakslikethiscouldpotentiallystophappening.Butthepatentalsoraisesquestionsaboutthesortofpowerthatthistechnologywouldbehandingoverto(28)_________withmoreimmoralintentions.Giventhecompany’srigidsupportofpersonalprivacywhenitcomestopolicerequeststobreakintousers’devices,it’spossiblethatApplejust(29)_________(patent)thetechnologysothatnooneelsewilluseit.Butwhoknows,ifitdoesintendtointroducethisfeaturetofutureoperatingsystems,salesofcamcorders,orevenGoPros,couldgetamuch-neededboost,aspeopletrytoavoid(30)_________(use)theprohibitivesoftware.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.chaosA.chaosB.consumeC.plentiful D.dischargeE.evolutionarily F.extentG.freeze H.mechanism I.novel J.subsequentlyK.unstableScienceinImagesOystermushroomOystermushroomsfeatureincuisinesaroundtheworld,buttheyshouldbeoffthemenuforhungryworms--whichthesedeliciousmushroomswillkillandeat.Nowresearchersfinallyknowhowtheydoit.OystermushroomAstudypublishedinScienceAdvancesdetailshowoystermushroomsuseaparticularpoisonoussubstancetofreezeandgetridofmushroom-eatingroundwormscallednematodes(线虫).Themushrooms,whichgrowonnutrient-poordeadwood,then31thewormsfornutrition.“Nematodeshappentobethemost32animalsthesemushroomsencounter.SoIthink,33,thiscross-kingdominteractionisveryinteresting,”saysstudyseniorauthor.Thestudyteamofgeneticists,biochemistsandbiologistshadpreviouslyfoundthatoystermushroomsreleaseanunidentifiedpoisonoussubstancethatwillsomehow34thewormswithinminutesandcauseachemicalelementtoflowintotheircells,killingthem.This35differsfromthoseusedbyothermeat-eatingmushroomsandcouldbeuniquetooystermushrooms.Fortheirnewwork,theresearchersgrewandanalyzedsamplesofthemushroom’stissue,findingnonoticeablepoisonevenwhentheybrokeitup.Theyreasonedthatwhateverwaskillingthewormsmustbeakindof36compoundthatdisappearsintoairwhendisturbed.Whentheydamagedtheoystermushroomtissueagainand37analyzedthenearbyair,theyfinallyfoundanervegasthatturnedouttobecontainedwithtiny,special-shapedstructuresonthemushroomsurface.Whennematodestouchthemushrooms,thesestructures38theirgas,disturbingtheworms’cellwallstocauseimmobilityanddeath.Thewormisthendigestedbythemushrooms.Beforethisstudy,“weunderestimatedthe39towhichwildmushroomsdefendagainstorconsumenematodes,”notesNickTalbot,ageneticistatSainsburyLaboratoryinNorwich,England.Thestudydemonstrates“avery40approach,”headds.“Theseorganismsarereallydifficulttoworkon,andDr.Hsuehisshowingthatyoucandosomereallyamazingworkwiththem.”III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthemiddleof2023,astudyconductedbytheHuthLabattheUniversityofTexassentshockwavesthroughthefieldsofneuroscience(神经科学)andtechnology.Forthefirsttime,thethoughtsandimpressionsofpeople41tocommunicatewiththeoutsideworldweretranslatedintocontinuousnaturallanguage,usingacombinationofartificialintelligence(AI)andbrainimagingtechnology.Thisistheclosestsciencehasyetcometo42someone’smind.Losingtheabilitytocommunicateisadeepcuttoone’ssenseofself.43thisabilitygivesthepatientgreatercontrolovertheirlives.Butitcouldalsogiveotherentities,suchascorporations,researchersandotherthirdparties,a(n)44degreeofinsightinto,orevencontrolover,thelivesofpatients.TheNeuroRightsFoundation,basedatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,arguesthatnewrightssurroundingneurotechnologieswillbe45forallhumanstopreservetheirprivacy,identity,andfreewill.Thepotential46ofdisabledpatientsmakesthisaparticularlyimportantproblem.47thisapproach,Chilewasthefirstcountrythatadoptedlegislation,draftingnewlaws,toaddresstherisksofneurotechnology.Itnotonlyintroducedanewconstitutionalrighttomental48,butisalsointheprocessofadoptingabillthatbanssellingneurodata,andforcesallneurotechdevicestoberegulatedasmedicaldevices,eventhoseintendedforthegeneralconsumer.Theproposedlegislationrecognizestheintensely49natureofneuraldataandconsidersitasorgantissues,whichcannotbeboughtorsold,onlydonated.Butthislegislationhasalsofaced50,withlegalscholarsquestioningtheneedfornewrightsandpointingoutthatitcoulddiscouragebeneficialbrainresearchfordisabledpatients.WhilethelegalactiontakenbyChileisthemostimpactfuland51todate,othercountriesareconsideringupdatingexistinglawstofacethenewdevelopmentsinneurotechnologies.Andwhileitislikelythatthefirstapplicationsofneurotechwillbemedical,future52arelikelytoinvolveconsumerapplicationssuchasentertainment,aswellasformilitaryandsecuritypurposes.Thegrowing53ofneurotechnologyinacommercialcontextonlycausesmorelegalconcerns.Differentpeople,societies,andcultureswilldisagreeonwheretodrawtheline.Weareata(n)54stageoftechnologicaldevelopment.Andaswebegintouncoverthegreatpotentialofbrainscience,theneedtoconsidertheirimplicationsforlegalactionbecomesmore55.41.A.eager B.ready C.unwilling D.unable42.A.clearing B.occupying C.changing D.reading43.A.Reducing B.Restricting C.Restoring D.Requiring44.A.irrelevant B.uncomfortable C.negligible D.supportive45.A.needed B.limited C.controlled D.denied46.A.application B.weakness C.impact D.significance47.A.Incomparisonwith B.Inlinewith C.Attheconclusionof D.Atthecostof48.A.integrity B.condition C.disorder D.function49.A.group B.general C.physical D.personal50.A.interaction B.chance C.criticism D.defence51.A.far-reaching B.labor-saving C.short-sighted D.ill-timed52.A.advances B.arrangements C.requirements D.policies53.A.confidence B.availability C.membership D.movement54.A.mature B.initial C.different D.final55.A.diversified B.genuine C.pressing D.specialSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)IusedtothinkIwasagoodperson.Iwascaringtomyfriends,mypartner,myfamily;IgavetocharityandIvolunteered.ButwhenIstartedtrainingtobecomeatherapist(治疗师),Ibegantounderstandthathowevermuchwemightliketothinkofourselvesasgoodpeople,wedon’tactuallyknowourselvesverywell.Ilearnedabouthowwemight,withoutconsciouslyrealizingit,denythefeelingsandmotivationsweconsidertobebad,pushingthemdownintoourunconsciousandprojectingthemoutontoothers,sotheybecomethebadpeople.Ilearnedthatdeepinthehumanmind,alongsideloveandkindness,runcurrentsofanger,need,greed,envy,destructiveness,superiority—whetherwewanttoacknowledgethemornot.Itwas22-year-oldBoruwhotaughtmewhatitreallymeanstobeagoodgrownup.Wefirstspoketwoyearsago.Hewasunemployed,livingwithhisparents,watchinghisfriends’livesprogress.Agoodgrown-up,hetoldme,is“someonewhohashisducksinarow”—andthatwasn’thim.Ialsodidn’tfeellikethecompetent,confidentgrown-upIthoughtIshouldbe—andneitherdidmostoftheadultsIknew.Iresearchedstatisticsaboutpeoplehittingthetraditionallandmarksofadulthoodlaterandlater,ifatall—frombuyingahometogettingmarriedorstartingafamily.Irecognizedwhatmademefeellikeabadgrown-up:thatI’llsitwithabrokenfridgeratherthancallanengineertorepairit.ThenIsawBoruagain.Hetoldmehow,overtwoyears,he’dfoundajobheloves,rentedaflatwithafriend.He’snowcyclingroundtheworld,havingadventuresthatwillkeephimstrongfortherestofhislife.Sowhatchanged?“Youstarttohavethoseconversationswithyourself,andyoubecomemoreofanhonestperson.Idon’tfeellikeI’mhidingfromanythinganymore,becauseI’mnothidingfrommyself.” Ithinkgrowingupmustinvolvefindingyourownwaytohavethoseconversations.Borudoesitonhisbike,Idoitinpsychoanalysis,othersIspoketodoitwhilecookingorplayingmusic.That,forBoru,andforme,iswhatitmeansto“havehisducksinarow”.56.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphimplyaboutunderstandingourselves?A.Recognizingourpositivetraitsisenoughforgrowth.B.Ourunderstandingofourmotivesandfeelingsisaccurate.C.Trueself-awarenessmeansacceptingbothgoodandbadsides.D.Ignoringournegativetraitsdoesnotaffectourself-perception.57.WhatcriticallessondidtheauthorlearnfromBoruaboutbeingagoodgrown-up?A.Itinvolveshavingaclearcareerpathandfinancialstability.B.Itrequiresconstantself-improvementandeducation.C.Itmeansbeingemployedandlivingindependently.D.Itislikeajourneyofself-discoveryandhonesty.58.Whatdoestheauthoridentifyasareasonforfeelinglikeaninadequateadult?A.Escapingbasicresponsibilities.B.Delayingreachingtraditionallifemilestones.C.Comparingpersonalachievementstoothers.D.Investigatingchangingpatternsofadultlife.59.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.WhyHideHarmsB.HowtoBeBetterAdultsC.WhyGrowingupMattersD.HowtoHaveEffectiveConversations(B)GuidedDesertAdventureTypicaldesertactivitieslikesandboarding,dunebashingandquadbikingSandboardingQuadbikingWiththistour,you’llhavehalfadayofadventureactivitiesinthedesert.You’llstartyourtourbydrivingtoascenicspotonthetopofatallsanddune(沙丘)forachancetotakephotosofthearea.Ontopofasanddune,you’llhavethechancetoslidedownthesidebysandboarding.Fromhere,you’llgetreadyforhittingsomedunesinafour-wheeldrivevehicle.Next,you’llhoponaquadbikeandhavetimetodrivearoundthedesertintheopenair.Finally,you’llhaveacamelridearoundasmallpartofthedesert.What’sincludedPickupanddrop-off20minutesofsandboarding35minutesofdunebashing25minutesofquadbiking10-minutecamelrideWaterandsoftdrinksAdrivethroughacamelfarmAdditionalinformationRequiresahighlevelofphysicalfitness.Notsuitableforchildrenbetween0and5.Childrenunder18mustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.ToursstartingafternoonincludeaBBQdinnerwithsweetsandfruits,whichcostsanadditionalUS$45/persononly.60.Whatkindofexperiencescanparticipantsexpectfromthistrip?A.Takingasandbathingonthetopofasanddune.B.Exploringtheexpansivedesertfreelyonacamelride.C.Anexcitingdayadventurefilledwithdiverseactivities.D.Capturingthebreathtakingdesertlandscapewithacamera.61.Howmuchdoesagroupoffouruniversitystudentsneedtopayfortakingthe14:00tour?A.US$180. B.US$220. C.US$265. D.US$400.62.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobeareviewfromaformerparticipantofthetour?A.Theshowwasgreat!Ihighlyrecommend!B.ItwasalotoffunandIenjoyedeveryminuteofit.C.Theplaceiscool,easytofindandgettowithmetro.D.Arriveearlyforticketstoavoidalongqueue.(C)Pricingismanagers’biggestmarketingheadache.It’swheretheyfeelthemostpressuretoperformandtheleastcertainthattheyaredoingagoodjob.Allsuccessfulpricingeffortssharetwoqualities:Thepolicycombineswellwiththecompany’soverallmarketingstrategy,andtheprocessiswell-organizedasawhole.Acompany’spricingpolicysendsamessagetothemarket—itgivescustomersanimportantsenseofacompany’sphilosophy.ConsiderSaturnCorporation(awhollyownedcompanyofGeneralMotors).Saturnwantstoletconsumersknowthatitisfriendlyandeasytodobusinesswith.Partofthisconceptisconveyedthroughinitiativessuchasinvitingcustomerstothefactorytoseewherethecarsaremadeandsponsoringeveningsatthedealershipthatcombineasocialeventwithtrainingoncarmaintenance.ButSaturn’spricingpolicysendsastrongmessageaswell.Canafriendly,trustingrelationshipbeestablishedwithcustomersifasalespersonusesallthenegotiatingtricksinthebooktotrytoseparatethemfromthatlast$100?Ofcoursenot.Saturnhasa“nohassle,nohaggle”policywhichremovesthepossibilityofconflictsbetweendealerandpotentialcustomer.Customershaveaneasiertimebuyingacarknowingthatthenextpersoninthedoorwon’tnegotiateabetterdeal.Ofcourse,therearetypicallymanyparticipantsinthepricingprocess:Accountingprovidescostestimates;marketingcommunicatesthepricingstrategy;salesprovidesspecificcustomerinput;productionsetssupplyboundaries;andfinanceestablishestherequirementsfortheentirecompany’sfinancialhealth.Inputfromdiversesourcesisnecessary.However,problemsarisewhenthephilosophyofwideparticipationiscarriedovertotheprice-settingprocesswithoutstrongcoordinatingmechanisms(协调机制).Forexample,ifthemarketingdepartmentsetslistprices,thesalespeoplenegotiatediscountsinthefield,thelegaldepartmentadjustspricesifnecessarytopreventbreakingthelawsorcontractualagreements,andthepeoplefillingordersnegotiatepriceadjustmentsfordelaysinshipment,everybody’sbestintentionsusuallyendupbringingaboutlessthanthebestresults.Infact,thecompanymayactuallylosemoneyonsomeorders.63.Whyisitessentialforacompany’spricingpolicytocombinewithitsoverallmarketingstrategy?A.Tomaximizepossiblereturnsandprofits.B.Tomaintainconsistencyinbusinessoperations.C.Toeliminatetheneedfordiversesalesinputs.D.Toattractcustomerstosocialeventsandtrainings.64.WhatdoesSaturn’s“nohassle,nohaggle”policy(paragraph2)mostprobablymean?A.Saturntrainsitsdealerstotreatcustomerssincerely.B.Saturnoffersdiscountstosomeloyalcustomers.C.Saturncarsareatleast$100cheaperthanothercars.D.Saturncarsaresoldatfixed,non-negotiableprices.65.Whatcanbeinferredfromthewideparticipationinthepricingprocess?A.Decisionmakingrequiresgatheringcomprehensiveinformation.B.Thecoordinatingmechanismwon’tworkwithoutalotofinput.C.Potentialcustomersareeasilyupsetatanystageoftheprocess.D.Thecompanylosesmoneyunlesseveryoneintendsforthebest.66.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheartofcoordinatingpricingprocessesB.ThebestsalesnegotiationtechniquesC.GettingonestepclosertowardbetterpricingD.MaximizingprofitsthroughpricingpoliciesSectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Andso,whatoncetookyourbreathawaybecomespartoflife’sfurniture.Butcoulditbethatmanyofourlivesarealreadybetterthanwerecognize?Habituationtothegooddrivesyoutomoveforwardandprogress.Butifwecanmaketheconstantlessso,ourattentionwillnaturallyturnbacktoit.Ratherthanfocusonhowtoseeourlifebetter,weneedtolearntobetterourlife.Thegoodnewsisthatyoucandishabituate.YourLifeIsBetterThanYouThinkTheundeniablepopularityofself-helpbooks,wellnesspodcasts,andhappinessworkshopsreflectstheconstanthumandesiretomakelifebetter.67Whilewemayhavealovingfamily,agoodplacetolive,andadecentjob,weoftenfailtonoticethosethings.It’snotbecauseweareungratefulorstupid,butit’sbecauseofabasicfeatureofourbrain,knownashabituation.Habituationisthetendencyofneuronstofirelessandlessinresponsetothingsthatareconstant.Youenteraroomfilledwithrosesandafterashortwhile,youcannotdetecttheirscentanylonger;andjustasyougetusedtothesmelloffreshflowers,youalsogetusedtoalovingrelationship,toapromotion,toanicehome,toawonderfulworkofart.Likethefrontpageofadailynewspaper,yourbraincaresaboutwhatrecentlychanged,notaboutwhatremainedthesame.68Youhabituatetoit—youfailtonoticeandrespondtoelementsofyourlifewhichyoupreviouslyfoundamazing.69Thatis,youcansuddenlystartperceivingandrespondingtothingstowhichyouhavebecomedesensitized.Thekeyistakingsmallbreaksfromyourdailylife.Forexample,whenpeoplereturnhomefromalongbusinesstrip,theyoftenfindtheiroldlifehas“reshined.”Ordinarythingssuddenlyseemamazing.Ifsomethingisconstant,weoftenassume(perhapsunconsciously)thatitistheretostay,andasaresult,wefocusourattentionandeffortonthenextthingonourlist.70Ifitisgoodatitscore,itmayjustreshine.Thisiswhytimeaway,howevershort,willenableyoutoperceiveyourlifewithfresheyes—andtobreakupreality.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:

Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.71.WhyEar-wormsGetStuckinYourHeadWeallgetasensationwhenasong,fornoapparentreason,refusestoleaveyourhead–infactwe’renostrangerstothedreaded“ear-worm.”ButanewstudypublishedinPsychologyofAesthetics,CreativityandtheArtsrevealsafascinatinginsightintoear-worms,andwhysomesongsarebetterthanothersinstickinginourheadsbyinvestigatingtheactualelementsofthesongthatmakeitcatchyinthefirstplace.Todothis,mostfrequentear-wormsoftheparticipantswereenteredintoadatabaseandcomparedtosongsthathadneverbeenreportedasanear-wormatall.Themelodicfeaturesofthetuneswerethenanalyzed,revealingthatear-wormtunesweretypicallythosesongsthathaveoverallmelodicshapescommoninWesternpopmusic.Aclassicexampleofacommoncontour（音调的升降曲线）patternisheardinTwinkle,TwinkleLittleStar,wherethefirstphraserisesinpitchandthesecondfalls.Thismakesthetuneeasytorememberandhasbeenexploitedinmanyothernurseryrhymes,butalsoinpopmusic.Inadditiontothemelodicshape,theotheringredienttotheear-wormformulaistheunusualintervalstructure.Theaimofthisistosurpassthelistener’sexpectationsofanaveragepopsong,showingunexpectedleapsormorerepeatednotesthanusual.“Ourfindingsshowthatyoucan,tosomeextent,predictwhichsongsaregoingtogetstuckinpeople’sheadsbasedonthesong’smelodiccontent,”saysoneoftheresearchers,“Thiscouldhelpsong-writersoradvertiserswriteajingle（短歌）everyonewillrememberfordaysormonthsafterwards.”Theauthorsconcludethatstudiesofear-wormscanhelpexplainhowthebrainworks,andimproveourunderstandinginhowperception,emotions,memoryandspontaneousthoughtsbehaveindifferentpeople.V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.火山喷发是多么令人惊叹的自然现象呀！(What)73.除非提供更新鲜的内容给观众，否则视频流量就会下降。(unless)74.随着人们的生活回归正轨，工作节奏加快，一些宠物被遗弃街头无家可归。(As)75.这所百年老校近年来开展了一系列“戏曲进课堂”活动，让更多学生感受到中国传统戏曲文化的独特魅力。(launch)VI.GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.76.假设你是明启中学高三学生赵磊，你的外国朋友William一直对中国文化很感兴趣。近日，他在网上了解到有两个相关的线上节目（节目信息如下表所示），但他对节目选择有些茫然，想听听你的建议。请给William回复一封邮件，邮件内容须包括：（1）推荐其中一个节目；（2）通过比较两个节目的信息，说明你推荐该节目的理由。节目名