高二英语人教选修6课件Unit5ThepowerofnatureLearningaboutLanguage

Unit5

ThepowerofnatureLearningaboutLanguage语法精讲·思维构建动词-ing形式作状语【语法感知】用所给动词的适当形式填写下面的句子并体会它们的共同特征。1.______________(work)hardallday,Iwenttobedearly.

2._______________(collect)specialclothesfromtheobservatory,weputthemonbeforewewentanycloser.

3.________(look)carefullyattheground,Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater.

4._____________(study)volcanoesformanyyears,Iamstillamazedattheirbeauty.

HavingworkedHavingcollectedLookingHavingstudied【语法精讲】一、动词-ing的基本形式1.动词-ing的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。*(2021·全国甲卷)Weavingamongthekidswhorushedbyontheirboards,Ifoundmywaytothebeam.我在那些踩着滑板匆匆走过的孩子们中间穿行,找到了通往横梁的路。*Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffinspiteoftherain.听到这个消息,尽管下着雨,他们还是立即出发了。2.动词-ing形式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。*Havingcleanedtherooms,webegantoweedthegarden.打扫完房间,我们开始在花园里除草。3.动词-ing的被动式表示该动作与句子主语之间是被动关系。*Havingbeenheldbackbythetrafficjam,shecouldn’tgetthereontime.她被交通堵塞耽搁了,无法准时到达那里。4.动词-ing的否定式是在动词-ing的前边加not。*Nothavingreceivedhisreply,Itelephonedhim.没有收到他的答复,我给他打了电话。【名师点津】动词-ing一般式的被动语态(beingdone)表示动作正在被进行,在句中一般作定语或宾语补足语,较少作状语。

用所给词的适当形式填空。(1)Not________(know)hisaddress,Ican’twritetohim.(2)Not___________________(repair)foralongtime,themachinegaveoutastrangenoise.

(3)_________________(bite)byasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.

knowinghavingbeenrepairedHavingbeenbitten二、动词-ing作状语的基本用法1.表示时间。动词-ing作时间状语,其作用相当于when,while,after等引导的时间状语从句。*Hearingtheirteacher’svoice(=Whentheyheardtheirteacher’svoice),thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.一听到老师的声音,学生们立即停止了讲话。*Havingfinishedhishomework(=Afterhefinishedhishomework),theboywasallowedtowatchTV.完成作业以后,男孩被允许看电视。2.表示原因。动词-ing作原因状语,其作用相当于because,as,since等引导的原因状语从句。*Beingill(=Becausehewasill),hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.因为生病,所以他昨天没去上学。*Havinglivedinthecityformanyyears(=SinceIhadlivedinthecityformanyyears),Iknewitwell.因为在这个城市住了多年,所以我对它很了解。3.表示条件。动词-ing作条件状语,其作用相当于if,unless,once等引导的条件状语从句。*Notmakinggooduseofthetime(=Ifyoudon’tmakegooduseofthetime),you’llregret.如果不好好利用时间,你会后悔的。*Workinghard(=Ifyouworkhard),youwillpasstheexam.你如果努力学习,就会通过考试。4.表示让步。动词-ing作让步状语,其作用相当于although,though,nomatterwhen/where/how/who等引导的让步状语从句。*Havingbeenmarriedforfiftyyears(=Thoughtheyhavebeenmarriedforfiftyyears),theystillloveeachotherpassionately.虽然他们结婚五十年了,他们仍然深深地爱着对方。5.表示伴随或方式。动词-ing形式作伴随或方式状语,说明动作发生的背景或情况。它表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生。作伴随或方式的动词-ing短语相当于and连接的并列成分。*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Usingemojiscanaddhumorandfeeling,keepingintentionclear.使用表情符号可以增加幽默和情感,使意图表达明确。*Theywalkedhome,singinganddancing(=andtheysanganddanced).

他们唱着,跳着走回了家。*Shecameintotheroom,carryingalotofbooks(=andshecarriedalotofbooks).她抱着许多书走进了房间。6.表示结果。动词-ing形式作结果状语,表示一种自然的结果,常常位于句末,其作用相当于and连接的并列成分。*Hisfatherdiedthreeyearsago,leavinghimagreatdealofmoney.他的父亲三年前死了,留给他许多钱。【名师点津】动词-ing形式作结果状语通常表示一种自然的结果,即属于意料之中的事;不定式作结果状语主要表示没有预料到的情况或结果,即属于意料之外的事,不定式一般与only,never等副词连用。*Hehurriedtothebusstation,onlytofindthatthebushadgone.他匆忙地赶往车站,结果发现车已经走了。【即学活用】(1)句型转换。①ThoughIhadmadeupmymindtostudy,Istillwantedtoplay.→______________________________,Istillwantedtoplay.

②WhenIheardtheresult,Icouldn’thelpjumping.→________________,Icouldn’thelpjumping.

③PeoplefromallovertheworldcametoQingDao,whichmadeitverycrowded.→PeoplefromallovertheworldcametoQingDao,_____________________.

HavingmadeupmymindtostudyHearingtheresultmakingitverycrowded(2)改错。①Preparedthecomputercompetitionquitewell,hewonthefirstprize.

()②Gostraightdownthestreet,youwillfindourschoolontheright. ()③Thebigfirelastednearlyamonth,toleavenothingvaluable. ()④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball. ()Prepared→HavingpreparedGo→Going或you前加andtoleave→leavingsay→saying三、动词-ing作状语的注意点1.动词-ing形式作状语时,在其前可以加上when,while,until,once,though,although,unless,evenif/eventhough等,表示更加明确的含义。有时这类结构也可视作状语从句的省略。*Becarefulwhen/whilecrossingthestreet.

过街道时要小心。*Althoughworkinghard,hefailedagainthistime.他虽然努力学习,但这次又失败了。*IflisteningtoEnglisheveryday,you’lllearnitwellstepbystep.如果你每天听英语,你会一步一步把它学好。2.动词-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致。*Hearinghisfather’svoice,theboyturnedofftheTVsetatonce.听到他爸爸的声音,男孩立即关了电视。(Hearing的逻辑主语是theboy)*Havingdrivenallday,wewereverytired.开了一整天的车,我们很累。(havingdriven的逻辑主语是we.)【名师点津】但是有时动词-ing前可有一个名词或代词表示它逻辑上的主语,这种带逻辑主语的现在分词称为独立主格结构。它同动词-ing一样,在句中作状语。*Themeetingbeingover,wewenttoplayfootball.会议一结束,我们就去踢足球了。*Shebeingill,hermotherhadtolookafterherathome.她生病了,她的妈妈不得不在家照顾她。3.有些动词-ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,表明说话者的态度、观点等,被称为评论性状语。常见的这类独立成分有:generallyspeaking 一般说来franklyspeaking 坦率地说judgingfrom/by 根据……来判断considering.../taking...intoconsideration考虑到accordingto...根据……【即学活用】判断正误。(1)我看着晚报的时候,一只狗开始叫起来。a.Readingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedbarking. ()b.Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking. ()(2)听到这个消息,她的眼泪忍不住流下来。a.Hearingthenews,tearsrandownherface. ()b.Hearingthenews,shecriedoutsadly. ()×√×√(3)(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)____________theresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep.根据研究,跑步者每跑一步着地的重量是自己体重的四倍。

(4)______________________________________________,Ifounditchallengingtocollectinformation.

为英语演讲比赛做准备时,我发现收集信息具有挑战性。AccordingtoWhile/WhenpreparingfortheEnglishspeechcontestⅠ.句型转换1.Whenyouarewalkingthedog,youcannotbetoocareful.→_______________,youcannotbetoocareful.

2.Followmyadvice,andyouwillbebenefitedfromit.→__________________,youwillbebenefitedfromit.

3.Becausehehassufferedfromhearttroubleforyears,hehastotakemedicineallthetime.→_______________________________________,hehastotakemedicineallthetime.

学情诊断·课堂测评WalkingthedogFollowingmyadviceHavingsufferedfromhearttroubleforyears4.AlthoughIhavefailedmanytimes,Iamstillfullofconfidence.→______________________,Iamstillfullofconfidence.

5.Heoversleptyesterday,whichresultedinhisbeinglateforwork.→Heoversleptyesterday,______________________________.

HavingfailedmanytimesresultinginhisbeinglateforworkⅡ.单句改错1.Notknowingwhattodo,soIaskedmyteacherforadvice. ()2.Generalspeaking,womenlivelongerthanmen. ()3.Oneeveningatsunset,wesatbythefire,haveourbarbecue.

()4.Appointingastheheadmaster,hefeltveryhappy.

()5.Whenheardthefunnyjoke,weburstoutlaughing. ()6.Weatherpermits,wecanhaveapicnicintheopenair. ()7.Workhard,youwillbepromotedquickly. ()去掉soGeneral→Generallyhave→havingAppointing→Appointedheard→hearingpermits→permittingWork→Working或you前加and8.Livingabroadformanyyears,hehasadaptedtothelifethere.

(

)9.Hehasanumberofinterests,rangedfromplayingchesstoswimming.

(

)10.Havingaccustomedtotheclimatehere,mylegis