电影《野性的呼唤》中巴克的形象分析

Ⅰ电影《野性的呼唤》中巴克的形象分析摘要杰克•伦敦是美国著名的小说家，《野性的呼唤》是他的最畅销的代表作之一。这部作品以美国北部的荒野为写作背景，讲的是一只名叫巴克的狗从温暖舒适的南方被拐卖到严寒的北美冰原，进而被卷入淘金热成为了雪橇犬，随后，经过一系列冒险的经历，回归野性，成为狼群的首领的过程。全片画面气势恢宏，演员表演真切自然，把美丽壮观的阿拉斯加风光和人与动物之间那种感人肺腑的情谊真实生动地表现在观众面前。杰克•伦敦善于通过描写人物形象来刻画人物性格和揭示作品主题，因而在他的作品中，人们时常能感受到对生命的崇拜、对生存的追求和对精神自由的向往。因此，为了丰富学术界有关电影《野性的呼唤》中对巴克形象这一研究的相关资料，学者对此课题进行了再研究。基于此背景，本论文是从电影《野性的呼唤》中巴克这一主角形象展开，通过研究杰克•伦敦塑造的形象以及影响此形象的原因，来揭示主题引发读者思考，并分析其对当今社会产生的影响。本论文的研究使读者对杰克•伦敦和巴克生活年代的现状加深认知，让读者了解当时资本主义的真实面目，补充了此方面的理论研究，并对于相关研究的发展起到了促进和丰富作用。关键词：《野性的呼唤》；巴克；形象分析；影响因素；启示

ChapterOneIntroductionTheCalloftheWildisoneofJackLondon’smostfamousnovels.Thenovel,whichhewroteonhisreturnfromtheGoldfields,helpedhimwinimmortalfame.Duetothepopularityofthebook,manyscholarsathomeandabroadhavemadealotofcommentsonthenovel.SomecriticssaidthatLondon’snovelswerewrittenformoney,thathisworkTheCalloftheWildwastoocommercial;ButsomescholarspraisehimasoneofthemostfamousAmericanrealistwritersofthe20thcentury.Thisworkhasbeenanalyzedbymanyscholarsfromtheaspectsofthenovel’stheme,writingskills,characteristicsofTheTimesandsymbolicsignificance.Unfortunately,thereislittleresearchonthecomplexityofBuck’scharacterinthenovel.TheCalloftheWildisnotjustasimplenovelaboutanimals.Buck,theheroofthenovel,goesthroughaseriesofdifficulties,changingfromadoginthesouthtoaWolfkinginthenorth.ByanalyzingBuck'sexperiencesandchangesincharacter,aswellasthecomplexnatureofBuck,peoplecanmoreclearlyrecognizethequalitiesthatarelackinginthesocietyandunderstandthemeaningoflifeandsurvival.TheCalloftheWildtellsthestoryofBuckthegreatdogafterheisabductedfromthesouthtothenorth,andtheplottwistsandturns.Themovieexplainstheconceptofbiologicaldegradation,thatis,whenmoderncivilizationdegeneratesintothesavageageofthelawofthejungle,humanbeingswillgobacktotheprimitivestage.Buckstartedoutasthedogofarespectedjudge,andlivedanelegantlifeofcivilizationinabeautifulandcomfortablemanorhouse.AfterbeingtraffickedtoNorth

America,Buckbecameoneofthesleddogs.Afterexperiencingandwitnessingtheshockingruleofsticksandfangsseveraltimes,Buckdeeplyexperiencedtheruthlessnessoftheworld,Buck’sinnerworldwasbaptizedinthetestoflifeanddeath.Hethenjoinsthepackand,afterearningrespectandbecomingahighlycapableleader,isfullyintegratedintolifeinthewilderness.Literaturecanreflecttheauthor’sinnerworldtoagreatextent,orthesocialconditionsandthepsychologicalstateofthepeople.London’sBuckcharacterisquitecomplex,hisdesireforloveandabsolutefreedommayrestrainhim,hehasbothcivilizationandbarbarism,whichisalsothecontradictorycharacterofJackLondon.LikeBuck,Londonalsoexperiencedalotofsocialinjusticeinhisearlyyears.HeusedBuck’slanguagetoexpressthedeclineofhumancivilizationandthedisappointmentandhatredofcapitalistsociety,andexpressedhispursuitofloveandfreedomthroughBuck.

ChapterTwoOverviewoftheMovieTheCalloftheWildJackLondonisaworld-renownedmasterofnaturalisticliterature.Hehaswrittenmanybooksinhislifetime,leavinguswithmorethan50novels.AccordingtoUNESCO,JackLondon’sworksarethemosttranslatedAmericanwriterinEurope.Amongthem,TheCalloftheWild,publishedin1903,isthemostpopularnovelamonghismanyworks.Thisclassicworkofnaturalismliteraturehasbeentranslatedintohundredsoflanguages,andtherearemorethan30versionsinChinaalone.Thus,theimportantpositionofTheCalloftheWildinthehistoryofworldliteraturecanbeseen.TheCalloftheWildisnotonlyarepresentativeworkofJackLondon,butalsoaprofoundreflectionoftheessenceofnaturalisticliterature,fullofthought-provokingphilosophy.2.1BackgroundIntroductiontotheMovieTheCalloftheWildJackLondon,oneofAmerica’sgreatestrealistnovelists,wasborninSanFrancisco,Californiain1876anddiedin1916.Hewasbornintoapoorfamilyandexperiencedgreatpainthroughouthislife.In40years,Londonhasproducednearly50works,includingnovels,Dramas,etc.Hewasaprolificwriterwhoheldahighplaceinshortstories.PovertyandmiserablechildhoodmadeLondonaveryprecociousmanandhepersistedbyreadingandwritinginpoverty.“CalloftheWild”wasinspiredbyatripbyJackLondoninDawson.In1897,JackLondonleftSanFranciscototraveltotheStewartRiverviaDalewaterfront.Inthenextfewyears,JackLondoncrossedtheChercottStrait.HemadegoldontheHendersonRiverandbuiltaboatintheSpiritofLakeMan.ThroughwhichitcrossedLakeMan,LakeBena,TaigexianLake,swampLake,FiftyMileLakeandfinallyreachedDawson.Asapopularnovel,TheCalloftheWildhasbeentranslatedintomorethan80languagesandreceivedwideattentionwhenitwaspublished.TheCalloftheWildfeaturesamixedbreeddognamedBuck.BuckisacompleximageofadogbutishumanisedbyJackLondon.ThecontradictoryimageofBuckcompletelyreproducestheculturalchaosofthattime.TheanalysisofBuck’scharactershowsthatthisnovelisnotonlyanovelaboutanimals,butalsoanovelthatcanhelppeoplediscoverthedarkandpositivesideofhumannature.Thenovel’sanalysisofthedetailsofBuck’scomplexnaturegivespeoplesomeinspirationforlifeandsurvival.2.2PlotSynopsistotheMovieTheCalloftheWildTheCalloftheWildSexisapopularnovellawrittenbytheAmericanwriterJackLondon.ItisalegendaboutasheepdognamedBuckanditisalsoaprofoundhumanfable.ThestorytellsthestoryofBuck,aformerpetdogofJudgeMiller’sfamilywholivesinawarmvalleyinsouthernCalifornia.TheywerelatersoldtocoldandremoteAlaskainthenorthernUnitedStates,wherehebecameasleddog.Thedoginthecivilizedworldwiththeexperienceofadogisforcedtoreturntobarbarismbyitsowner,writingaboutthedogandreflectingthehumanworld.ThroughtheBuck’simage,thisstoryproposesthatBuck’sreturntonatureisacriticalviewofhumancivilization.Afterexperiencingdamageandstruggles,Buckgraduallybecomesstrongerandbegantogotothewildernessandreturntonature.AlthoughBuckisadog,hehashumancharacteristicssuchascuriosity,shameandasenseofjustice.Buckusedtoliveinaprivilegedfamilyandgiveitasenseofpride.ButasBuckissoldtothedogpeddler,hisworldiscompletelychangedandisreceivedcrueltreatment.Intheenvironmentof“survivalofthefittest”,heresourceful,braveandfiercewinsthebattleoftheleader.WhenBuckmethistruefriend,JohnThornton,hetrulyrealizedhismaster’sloveandloyaltytohim.ButJohnThorntondeath,onceagainchangedBuck’slife,butalsochangedhisemotion,makeita“Wolf”,tofreedom,theprimitiveworld,returntothewildernessJackLondondescribedarichhumannature,emotionaldog.Afterthechangeoflivingenvironment,Buckgotexerciseandgrowth,revealsthehotlifeforceandshapedaimagewithavarietyofidentityandsignificance.

ChapterThreeTheImageAnalysisofBuckinTheCalloftheWildBuckwasnotonlyabig,burlydog,buthehadaveryclevermind.Buckconstantlystrugglesandfightswithculture,environment,humansandotheranimalsaslifehitsrockbottom.Aftergoingthroughonedisasterafteranother,Buck’swillbecamestronger.3.1Buck’sImageoftheStrongDogWhenBuckworkedforthesledteam,Spitz,theleader,oftenrodeonhimandroughedhimup.AtfirstBucktriedtotolerateSpitz,butSpitzrespondedwithcruel,sharpteeth.Buckrealizedthatinordertosucceed,allkindsofmeasureswereappropriate.Buckgotstrongerandstronger,andwhenSpitzpunishedtheotherdogs,hestartedfightingwithSpitz.ThecunningBuckgraduallyunderminedSpitz’sauthorityoverthedog,andtheownerbegantodoubtSpitz’sleadership.Inalife-and-deathstruggle,BuckkillsSpitzwithallhismightandbecomesthenewleader.3.1.1Super-strongAdaptabilityInBuck’sworld,“survivalofthefittest”istheonlyrule,butitdoesnotalwaysholdthisrule,throughconstantgrowthandexercise.JudgeMiller’shomeisacomfortable,warmenvironment,withBuck’slifeatease.Inthemorningandeveningitwalkswiththejudge’sdaughter,MollyandAlice.Onacoldnight,helaycomfortablybytheblazingfireinthejudge’sstudyandsleptpeacefullyathisfeet.AfterBuckwasstolen,hecametoacoldworld,wherehehadtofacethehumanharmandthedogstruggle.Buckhasastrong,resourcefulandbraveexcellentquality,whichisrelatedtoitsexcellentgenes,sothatitquicklyadaptedtothenewenvironment,andbecomesastrong“survivalofthefittest”.Buck’supbringingwasarduous.Buckwasacleverdog,ofgreatagilityandadaptability.InBuck’ssubconscious,thereisaprimitiveimagethatservesasaforeshadowing,guidingBuckbacktofreedomandtheembraceofnature.Buck,withoutprotection,withoutfreedomandforcedtowork,oncetriedtoresist.Buckstruggledashardashehitthewoodencage,eagertobefree.Hegrowledincessantly,jumpingaroundwiththeax.ButBuckwasbeatenbythemanwiththestickandbeforehemettheman,hewasknockedoveronthegroundintheair.Buck’sbodyandmindweredoublehurt,buttheyalsoawakenedhiswildheart.Intheharshenvironmentandcruelstruggle,Buckbecametheleaderofthedoggroupwithhis“fangs”andwisdom,andgainedtruestrength.JohnThornton’sdeath,letgobacktobecomeastrong--Wolfinthewilderness--lostonlyonepersonwholoveshe,butalsocompletelylefthumansocietyandreturnedtothewilderness.3.1.2AStrongSpiritofResistanceFromtheoriginalaristocraticdogstosleddogs,itcanbesaidthatthelivingenvironmenthaschangedgreatly.Buck’slifeinthesnowandice,facedwiththeextremeworkofpullingsnowshovels,canbedescribedasverydifficult.ButBuckshowedgreatadaptability,andhisinnerfightingspiritwaswellrepresented.Thenhewokeupunwittinglybeatenbyadogdealer.Backbegantochallengetheleaderdogposition,hopingtobecomethedogleader.Afteraconstantstruggle,hefinallydefeatedthemasterandbecametheleaderofthedogsled.Buckchangedfromanoblepetdogtoasleddog,showingagreatadaptabilitytothenewharshenvironment,andhasastrongabilitytosurvive.Here,Buckisshapedastheimageofastrongmanwhoyearnsforfreedom,rebelliousandovercomeseverything.Buck’smotherwasanoble,elegantandintelligentScottishshepherd,andhisfatherwasatallandbraveBernardbreed.SoBuckhasthecunningandferocityofaWolf,thewisdomandgentlenessofasheep.TheauthordeliberatelyrepeatedlyemphasizesBuck’sstrengthandspiritofresistance,whichisobviouslyinfluencedbythe“superman”philosophyinNietzsche’stheory.JackLondonworshippedNietzsche’s“superman”philosophyandthoughtthathewasthe“rationaljudge”ofNietzsche’sphilosophy.Heopposedtheselfish“individualism”ofcapitalism,justasJackLondondescribedBuck.Buckwasfullofheartfeltawe,onlyinsearchofsomethinggreater.Spiritualbeautyisthedesireandpraiseforgoodhumanbeings.3.2Buck’sImageoftheWiseDogAsatypicalSoutherndog,Buckdidn’tknowhowtoadapttohisnewenvironmentinthenorth,howtostaywarmonsnowynights,andhowtopullasled.However,Buckisnotwillingtobeinaweakpositionbecausehehasa“Superman”mind,hehasastrongwill,andhelearnsthelawofthejungleveryquickly.Peopleoftenfeelhelplessanddesperateinthissuddenlychangingenvironment.Whenpeoplefacedifficulties,peoplehaveastrongwillandanindomitablespiritthatleadspeopletosuccess.3.2.1WisdomtoBendandStretchBuckisawisedog.Intheprocessofgrowingstepbystep,heexperiencedalotofhardships.Intheexperienceofbeingtaughtbyabuyeronthetrain,Buckdidnotgivein.Hethoughthisbraverycoulddefeattheopponentandmakeopponentsurrendertohim.Butintheprocessofastrugglefruitless,Buckknewthatwhilepersistencecouldsucceed,itwasalsoimportanttounderstandobedience.Inordertosurvive,hechosetogivein.Butthisdoesnotshowthatheiscompletelyunderthecontrolofhumanbeings,heonlyinordertoobtainafreeroadtohumansubmission.Becauseonlyinthiswaycanhegetfoodandfindhistrueself.Buck’smetamorphosisisrapidandhelearnstoprotecthimself.Hebecomescunningandinsidious.Buckgraduallyadaptedtotheenvironmentandgotthechallengeoftheloveandappreciationofthemasterandhispeers.Atthistime,Spitztooktheleadandchallengedtheauthorityofthebattle.Heisthetopdog.ThefangsofhiscompanionsmadeBuckcompletelyawakenthewildnessinhisheart.Buck,thehero,experiencesatragedyincivilization.Helearnsthelawofthestickandgrowsup.TheideasofDarwin'stheoryofevolutionarevividlyreflectedinBuck’sexperience.Buck’sbodyburstoutisthedesiretosurvive.Thesurvivalinstinctforcedhimtoeventuallybecometheleaderofthewolvesinthewildworld.3.2.2QuickandFlexibleThinkingIntheprocessofBuck’spathtothestrong,heisnotonlystrongandbrave,butalsowise.InJudgeMiller’shouse,Buckonlyhadtoknowhowtopleasehismasterandstayquietlywiththechildren.IncoldAlaska,Buckhadtofaceabrutalandcunningworld.ItiswithhiswisdomthatBuckcanquicklyadapttothenewenvironment.Thissituationhasforcedittoacceptadistortedorevenwrongtruth:Themanwithastickistherulerwhohasthepower.Inthebattle,Buckisabletousewisdomandskill.Notjustrelyonhisbodyandinstinct,whichiswhyheisabletodefeattheleadingdogSpitz.Therefore,intheharshenvironmentandfiercestruggle,whilehebecamethestrong,healsobecameawiseman,afierceandcunningruler.3.3Buck’sLoyalDogImageTherewasanotherpreciousspiritinBuck.Withoutthatdown-to-earthspirit,hemightgetbeatentodeath.Amanwhodoesnotworkhardwillbeapoormanlivingonwelfare.Fightingspiritanddown-to-earthspiritareveryimportanttoBuck,andalsotopeoplewholiveinthemodernworld.Eachofus,likeBuck,yearnedforawonderfulnewlifeandwantedtoachievegreatthingsinourwork.3.3.1DedicatedResponsibilityTheharshenvironmentandfiercestrugglemakeBuckferociousandcunning.Butitisalsohuman,emotional,andabsoluteloyaltytohismaster.Butforthosewhohurtandusedhim,heneverregardedhimasthemaster.Afterconstantblowsanddamage,Buckmeetsthemanwholovesit--JohnThornton.JohnThorntontakestherisktosavehisbenefactor--Buck.JohnThornton’slovealsoaffectsBuck,whotreatshislovingmasterfaithfully.Buckworkedharderthanever,workingtirelesslyforhismaster,willingtomeetallJohnThornton’sdemands,evenforhislife.FacedwiththemanwhokilledJohnThornton,Buckisangryandavengehismaster.AgroupofIndiansdancinginthewoodenshed,werestartledbythesuddenroar.Theysawabeasttheyhadneverseen,fallingfromtheskyandwentmadtokillthem.Afterthat,nooneloveshimanymore,andheisunabletomeetsomeonewholoveshim,suchasJohnThornton.Asaresult,afterthedeathofJohnThornton,Buck’shumannaturedisappeared,andhebecameawildwolf,lostthenostalgiaforhumansociety,andreturnedtothewilderness.Inthefilm,Buck’shostessFrancentaccidentallyfellintothecoldwinter,andaroundthethickiceisverysmooth,soFrancenthasbeenstrugglingtosaveyourself.WhenFrancent’sfriendsfoundFrancentfellintothewater,shewashurriedtothere.Buckrealizedthedanger,jumpedintotheicewaterwithouthesitation.BuckstruggledtoswimtoFrancent.BuckwithhisownbodytoliftFrancentandtriedtoswimtotheshore.Atthemomentofrushingoutoftheice,Buck’swolfheartwasonceagainawakened.BuckhelpFrancent’sfriendstomoveFrancentashore.Buckhasexhaustedthelastbitofstrength.Hewasrushedawaybytherapidwaterundertheice.WhenFrancentareheartbroken,theyfindthatBuckhasdesperatelytosaveitself.ThebraveBucksavedthemasterregardlessofpersonaldanger.Hissenseofresponsibilityisbeyondtheanimalworld,onceagainthehumannatureandwolfcombination.3.3.2TheSpiritofaLoyalSelfThorntonwasanoldmanwholivedalone.Heoncehadahappyfamily,withalovingwifeandalovelyson.Butwhenhissonpassedawayinanadventure,hiswifecouldn’tbeartheblowanddivorcedThornton,thehappytimequicklycametoanend.Thorntonhandedoverallhispropertytohiswifeandlivedaloneamongthepeople.ButthelonelylifedidnotwakeThorntonup,itonlymadehimevenmoredepressed.Hedrankheavilyallday,immersedinthepainoflosinghisfamily.BuckknowThorntonallthesadnessandhedidnotletThorntonindulgeinpain,butmadeThorntonfinallydecidedtoquit,withBuckonunfinishedadventureabouthisson.Italsotellspeoplefromtheside,loyaltothedesire,responsibilityandselfatthesametime,theyalsowanttobeloyaltothegood,theinevitablelawofhumansociety.OnlyBuckreturnandawake,theselfloyaltycanleadpeopletofindtheend,andbringpeopletrulyeternalhappiness.

ChapterFourFactorsthatAffectBuck’sImageBuck’stransformationfromapetdogtotheleaderofthepackaffectshisimageforanumberofreasons.Thethreemostobviousfactorsaregenetics,intelligenceandenvironment.Buckwasbornwithgenesandintelligence,whichlaidthefoundationforhistransformation.4.1FactorsoftheInheritedGeneBuckinheritedthesizeofhisfather,whoweighed140poundsandevenpulledPerraultandFrancois1,800miles.Buckweighedabout115pounds,butunderThornton’scare,hegrewto150pounds,threetimestheweightofanaverageWolf.Thebreedisbornwitheleganttemperament,extremelyintelligentmindanddocilepersonality.Butfullofcourageandwisdom,seriousandresponsiblework.Buckinheritedhismother’swisdomandlearnedsomethingquickly,whichmadeitpossibleforhiswaytothestrong.Inadditiontowisdom,Buckinheritedhismother’sappearance.Hismouthandnosemadehimlooklikeawolf.AfterBuckfinallyconqueredthewolveswithhisownstrength,thewolvessentrepresentativestotouchupwithBucktoshowtheirfriendshipandrecognition.Thus,becauseBuckitselflookedsimilartowolvesanditwasnotregardedasanoutlierbythewolves.ThisislayingthefoundationforBucktoeventuallybecometheleaderofthepack.AlthoughBuckhassoonjoinedthesleddogs,heisstilleagertobetheleadingdog.ItisthisstrongdesiretorulethatgivesBucktheinternalmotivationforcontinuousprogressandgrowth.Asaresult,itoftensuffersfromtheleadingdogPiszfordemonstrationsandprovocation.Ontheotherhand,Buck’soutburstofprimitivebeastsometimesalarmingtoPisz.HedefinesBuckas“adangerousenemy”.TheawakeningofprimitivebeastandrulingdesireisthesourceofpowerthatpushesBucktothetop.4.2TheFactorofTheirOwnIntelligenceInSeattle,achubbymaninaredsweatergaveBuckhisfirstlessonoflife.Thepeoplemade

Buck

understand

the

consequences

of

impulsiveness

and

irritability,

understand

the

primitive

laws

of

law

that

still

rule

the

world,understand

that

a

man

with

a

stick

is

a

legislator.Itmustobeytherules.Buckalsounderstandatruth:tobecomeastrongman,thefirstwaytolivetothatmoment.ThemanintheredsuittamedBuckanddemandedthatBuckobeyhisorders.Underhiseducation,Buckdidlearntoendureandobey,evenwhenlaterexploitedbyHal.Educationisapurposefulactivityofcultivatingpeople,whichdefinesthedirectionofhumandevelopment.Althoughgeneticfactorscanprovidepossibilitiesforhumandevelopment,theycannotplayadecisiverole.Environmentalfactorsinfluenceonhumandevelopmentiscomplexandaresusceptibletohumansubjectiveinitiative,whichmaypromotehumandevelopment,andcannotdominatethedirectionofhumandevelopment.Educationisapurposefulactivityofcultivatingpeopleanditisasocialactivitywiththemainpurposeofcultivatingpeople.4.3FactorofExternalEnvironmentalInsteadofwarmsunshine,theenvironmentisicyandsnowy.Buck’slifewasalwaysindangerhere,andBuckhadtobeonhisguardallthetime,forthedogsandmenwerenotsogentleastheyhadbeeninthecity.Bucklivedhereonlybyworkingtoearnfoodandsurvive.Therearenosocialrulesormoralcodes,only“survivalofthefittest,thelawofthejungle”.TheAlaskanenvironmentdramatizesDarwin’s“survivalofthefittest”.Theclimateisharshandfoodisscarce.IfBuckwantedtolive,hehadtobemorealertandbravethantheotherdogs.Buckhadonlytwowaystochoose.Hecouldeithergiveuponhimselforbeweak.Survivalinstinct,soBuckdidnothesitatetochoosetoconstantlychangehimselftomakeprogress.Eventuallyhebecamestrongandsurvived.Sothenewenvironment,harshasitwas,helpedBuckgrow.Evolutionholdsthat“naturalselection”isthemainmechanismofbiologicalevolution,andthatorganismshavetoevolvetoadapttotheirenvironmenttosurvive.Spencerbelievesthatsocietyisanorganismsimilartonature,anditsdevelopmentrulesarethesamewithnature.Thelawsofnaturalselectionapplytohumansocietiesaswell,becausehumansocietiesarealsofiercelycompetitive.Oncehuman'sownbehaviorisdeterminedbytheenvironment,itlosesthefreedomofmoralchoice.Naturalisticliteratureispessimisticinnature.Humanbeingshavelimitedcontrolovertheirowndestiny,andtheobjectiveenvironmentisthedeterminantofeverything.

ChapterFiveTheRevelationofBuck’sImagetoPeopleJustlikeBuckforgotwhohewasatthebeginning,couldn’trememberhisoriginalwildnature,andlosthisdirection,peopeneedtomaketheirgoalsclear,justlikethecheetahwhenhunting,staringatananimalandunswervinglypursuingit.Althoughtherewillbealotofdifficultiesintheprocessofstruggle,peoplestillhavetodefeatthesedifficulties.5.1HavingtheCourageofPerseveranceAfteraseriesofhardships,suchassticks,hardwork,fighting,andgrieffortheowner.Buckhasgraduallyacceptedthevoiceofoftencallinghimselfinthewilderness.ThisalsoshowsthatthewildnessinBuck’shearthasgraduallydevelopedfromtheinitialembryonicstagetoanirresistibleforce.WhichisboundtomakeBuck’simagechangeagain.ItisalsoevidencethatBuck’smindhasgrownintoanirresistibleforcesincehisearlyembryo.Hewillchangetheimageofthebackgroundagain.AtthispointBuckhadnothingtodowithmanandhadnointerestinhumansociety.Therefore,itbegantorespondtothenature.Goingtothewildnatureandbegantoliveawildlifeingroups.Buckisabravemanbecauseheisphysicallystrong,confident,brave,andadaptable.Whichisaprerequisiteforhisreturntonature.EverywordofJackLondoninthenovelispermeatedwithBuck’sinfinitedesirefornatureandthedevelopmentofeveryplotsetsthestageforBuck’swildreturn.ThecallofthewolvesinthewildernessmadeBuck’swildheartgraduallyrecoverandhisdesiretostayawayfrommankindbecameincreasinglystronger.Inhisview,onlybyreturningtothewildernessandnaturecanhegainfreedomandliberation,findhisdignityandreleasehisnature.JackLondon’sbravemanBuckwentthroughaprocessfromwanderingtodeterminationandinthisprocess,Bucksuccessfullycompletedhisowntransformationandrealizedhistrueself.Whenhumanbeingsarecompletelyseparatedfromcivilizationintothesocietyofviolenceagainstviolence,notonlyBuckwillleavehumanbeings,butalsothewholenaturewillabandonhumanbeings.Buckisbravebecauseheisbravetoabandoncivilization,returntothewilderness.5.2HavingtheWisdomoftheSurvivaloftheFittestBuck’sgradualtransformationisadescriptionoftheuniversalsurvivallawofthefittest.Intheprocessofbeingtamed,herealizedthelawsofjusticeandnature.Thepoorlivingconditionstaughthimcunningandfraudandthenhebroughtittothedust.Afterabrutalstruggle,Buckfinallyestablishedhimselfastheleader.Inthedifficultprocessofpullingtheshovel,ThorntonmakesseveralattemptstofreeBuck,andBuckandThorntondevelopadeepfriendship.Themasterhadrescuedhimfromtheextremeburdenofhardlaborandhehadrescuedhisownermanytimes.Finally,afterthemisfortuneofhisbelovedmaster,hewenttothewilderness.ThisreflectsthenaturalisticideologyprevailinginAmericansocietyduringtheperiodofcapitalistdevelopment.ItreflectsDarwin’snaturalselectionideaof“survivalofthefittest”inthenaturalenvironmentandatthesametime,italsoreflectsthesocialselectionviewinSpencer’stheoryofsocialevolution.Thefilmrevealstousthatonlytheeliteandthesuperhuman(aspecieslikeBuckinthenovel)cansurviveinthedangerousnaturalandsocialenvironment.Althoughthisisalittletooextremeandrigid,itisindeedatrueportrayalofapersoninthatera.Onlybecomestrong,cansurviveinthisworld.IfBuckwasnotstrongandclever,hewouldnotbeabletoadapttothelifeoftheshovelanddefeathisenemies.Intheend,Buckcan’tbecomeapackleader,can’tfindhistrueself,can'treturntonature.5.3HavingtheLoyaltyofDedicationAsadog,Buckhasacertaindedicationandloyaltytohisowner.Inthenovel,JohnThorntonbecomestheobjectofBuck’sallegiance.WhenBuckwasbeatenbyHal,JohnsavedBuck.AndunderJohn’scare,Buckgotanewlife.BuckwasalsomovedbyJohn.BuckmadeagreatpayforJohnandevensacrificehisownlife.Inthefilm,JohnwantstotestBuck’sloyaltyandordersBucktojumpoffthecliffandBuckjumpswithouthesitation.BuckhadjumpedintothecurrentthreetimestosaveJohnandinordertoprotectJohn.Finally,afterlearningthatJohnwasbrutallymurderedbytheIhazis,BuckrushedtofightwiththeIhazis.Afterjoiningthepack,BuckreturnstothevalleywhereJohnwaskilled,wherehesendsalongandsadcrytomournJohn,whichshowsthedeepaffectionbetweenBuckandJohnthatmovesthereader.

ChapterSixConclusionTosumup,inJackLondon’sTheCalloftheWild,Buck’simageandidentityare