定语从句资料

PAGEPAGE5定语从句定语从句:在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词：关系代词和关系副词定语从句的先行词：被修饰的名词或代词，要么代表人，代表物，要么代表全句定语从句主句复合句= +定语从句主句 另一个或一个以上的主谓结构，在句子中做定语一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分另一个或一个以上的主谓结构，在句子中做定语一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分Thestudents(whodonotstudyhard)willnotpasstheexam.主句谓语结构从句谓语结构从句主语主句主语 主句谓语结构从句谓语结构从句主语主句主语㈠关系代词的基本用法:关系代词指代的先行词充当从句的成分Who人主语Whom人宾语Which物主语，宾语That人或物主语宾语表语Whose人或物定语who指人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.②whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，可以省略。Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMrLi.Heisthemanwhom/thatIsamyesterday.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder(which)heisusingismadeinJapan.that指人或物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.whose指人或物，在定语从句中做定语。不可省略。Herearetheparentswhoselittlegirlwaskilledinthegreataircrash.Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacethesea.考点一that和which的选择(1)that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。①当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.c.Thereislittle(that)theenemycandobesidessurrender.②先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时：I’vereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.⑤当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引导。如：Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools（that）hehadvisited.⑥先行词是疑问词who,which,what时，定语从句用that而不用who,(whom)和which引导。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome?⑦当关系代词在从句中作表语时：等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which.a.Hecheatedhisfriendofmachmoney,whichwasverydisgraceful.b.Hecamebacklate,whichmadehismotherworried.固定表达：asweallknow,asoftenhappens,asyousee,asiswellknown,asisexpected,asweexpect,aswasexpected,asismentionedabove考点四：关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.5.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.3.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedayswhen(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?Thepainting(atwhichIlooked)waspaintedbyme.Thebook(aboutwhichIheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.Thepen(_withwhichshewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.Thefilm(__duringwhich_Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.Kunmingisabeautifulplace_where/inwhich(flowersareseenalltheyearround).Iwillneverforgottheday__onwhich/when_Ifirstmetyouontheship.结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。关系代词的省略：①关系代词在从句中做动词的宾语Ihavebeentothecitytwice(that/which)youjustvisited.②关系代词在从句中做表语Aftermanyyears,Johnsonisnotthenaughtyboy(that)heusedtobe.③关系代词在从句中做介词的宾语，而介词在从句句尾时Generationgapisaproblem(which/that)peopleareinterestedin.分隔式定语从句Ihaveapicturebyafamouspainterwhichwassenttomeformybirthday.Thedaysaregonewhenwelivedtogether,workedtogetherandplayedtogether.混杂式定语从句(关系词与其后的词之间会有插入语，如Ithink，Ibelieve，Iguess，Iexpect，Iamsure，theysay等)Thegirlknowsthreeforeignlanguages，whichweallthinkmakesiteasierforhertofindagoodjob.多重定语从句I’llneverforgetthemomentwhenIfirstmetMaryandwhichmakesmealwaysfee