从违反合作原则看《肖申克的救赎》中的人物形象

-10-ChapterOneIntroductionThissectionmainlyintroducesthetextofthestory.ThispartmainlyexpoundsthehistoricalbackgroundofthecreationofthemovieTheShawshankRedemption,thethoughtsofpeopleunderthebackgroundandthebriefintroductionofthemovieplot.1.1TheCreationBackgroundofTheShawshankRedemptionThebackgroundofthestoryissetintheUnitedStatesinthe1930s.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,TheSecondWorldWarsuccessivelybroughtseriousdisastersandcasualtiestothewholeworld.Thedestructionofecologicalenvironment,theravagesofdiseasesandthetensionbetweenthetwopolesunderthebackgroundoftheColdWarmadepeopledoubtthe"humannature".Inthiscontext,literatureoftenshowsthe"evil"image,StephenKinghopestouseTheShawshankRedemptiontoawakenthegoodsideofpeople'shearts.TheeconomiccrisisthatbrokeoutintheUnitedStatesinthe1930sswepttheworld.Duringthecrisis,theU.S.governmenttookahands-offapproachtoitscitizens,whichnotonlyaggravatedthesufferingofitscitizens,butalsoaggravatedtheeconomiccrisisintheUnitedStates.America'spoliticalcorruptionhadalsocametobusinessmen.Thecourts,businessmenandprisonsarecorrupt.1.2BriefIntroductionofTheShawshankRedemptionIn1947,Andy,abanker,wasaccusedofthemurderofhiswifeandloverandwasbroughttocourt.Eventually,hewaswronglysentencedtolifeimprisonmentandsenttoShawshankPrison.Inprison,hemetRed,anauthorityfigureofShawshank,heaskedRedtohelphimgetapickaxeandaposterofHayworth.WhenAndywentouttowork,heheardtheprisonguardtalkingaboutthetax.Asabanker,Andycameforwardandsaidthathecouldlegallyexemptthetaxaslongastheprisonguardcouldgivethemsomebeerafterthework.Finally,Andyandhisfellowprisonersdrankbeerontheroofafterthework,enjoyingthefeelingoffreedom,andthesefellowprisonersbecamemorefavorabletoAndy.Afterawhile,Andylefthisoriginalpositiontodealwithvarioustaxproblemsofprisonguardsinthelibrarybecausehewasproficientintaxaffairs,andgraduallybecameatoolforlaundermoneybyNorton,thewardenofShawshankPrison.Later,ShawshankcametoayoungprisonerTommy,TommytookAndyashisteacher,letAndytaughthimknowledgetogetacollegediploma.AfterTommylearnedwhyAndywasinprisonfromRed'smouth,itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthattheprisonerinanotherprisontoldhimthetruthaboutkillingAndy'swifeandlover,andthisalsopushedthestorytotheearlystageofthestorm.AfterAndylearnedthetruthheaskedthewardentoretrybutwasdenied,andwasputinsolitaryforamonth.AndthewardeninordertokeptAndylethimcontinuedtolaundermoneyforhimself,hekilledTommy,AndylearnedthenewsofTommy'sdeathbecameverydepressed.FinallyexplainedsomethingstoRed,fledShawshankinastormy,thunderousnight.Afterbeingreleasedfromprison,heusedanewidentitytotookthewarden'sdirtymoneyandreportedonthewarden,andleftthere.WhenRedwasfinallyreleasedonparole,hefoundthethingsAndygavehim,includingsomecashandahandwrittenletterfromAndy,thetwowerefinallyreunitedonthebluePacificcoast.ChapterTwoBriefIntroductionofCooperationPrincipleThissectionmainlyintroducesthetheoreticalframeworkoftheCooperativePrinciple.ThispartmainlyexpoundsthedefinitionoftheCooperativePrincipleaswellasthefourcriteriaandsub-criteria.2.1DefinitionofCooperationPrincipleDuringaconversation,bothpartieswereworkingtowardsaspecificgoal,whichisoftenmadeclearatthebeginningoftheconversation.AmericanlinguistGricebelievedthatinalllinguisticcommunication,inordertoachievedaspecificgoal,bothsidesoftheconversationalwaystacitlyfollowedaprinciple,whichhecalledtheCooperationPrinciple.2.2FourGuidelinesofCooperationPrincipleTheCooperationPrincipleincludesfourcriteria,namelyquantitativecriterion,qualitativecriterion,relationalcriterionandmodecriterion,andeachcriterionincludessomesub-criteria.Quantitativecriterionrequiresthatwhatissaidshouldmeettheinformationneededforthecurrentconversation,andthatonepartyinaconversationshouldnotbegivingtheothertoomuchortoolittleinformationinawaythatdoesn'tmakepeoplefeelduplicatedorunderinformed.Qualitativecriterionrequiresthatonepartyinaconversationprovidestheotherwithinformationthatistrue,basedontruth,andunstatedinformationthatisknowntobefalseandunsubstantiated.Relationalcriterionrequiresthatonepartyinaconversationprovidestheotherwithinformationthatiskeeptothepointandrelevanttothetopic,andthatitdoesnotanswerthequestionoravoidansweringit.Modecriterionrequiresthatonepartyinaconversationprovidesinformationtotheotherinaclear,short,andorderlymanner,avoidingvagueorambiguousexpressions.ChapterThreeAnalysisoftheCharacterImageinTheShawshankRedemptioninViolationoftheCooperationPrincipleThissectiondescribesthecharactersinthedialoguethatviolatetheCooperationPrincipleinTheShawshankRedemption.GricebelievethatpeopledonotstrictlyabidebytheCooperationPrincipleinactualcommunication.Outofneed,peopleoftenintentionallyviolateit,andtherearealotofdialoguesviolatingtheCooperationPrincipleinTheShawshankRedemption.3.1AnalysisofCharacterImageinViolationofQuantitativeCriteriaTheviolationofquantitativecriterionisusuallyexpressedassayingsomethingthatdoesnotprovideenoughinformationorgoesbeyondwhatisneeded.Thissectionanalyzesthedialogueinthefilmthatviolatesthecodeofquantityandthecharacterstheyembody.3.1.1ExcessiveInformationbeyondCommunicationNeeds––RedandTommyInthefilm,Red,theauthorityfigureofShawshankPrison,appliedforparolethreetimes.Duringthefirstparole,theexaminerandRedhadthefollowingconversation:(1)Examiner:Haveyoureformed?Red:Yes,I'veturnedoveranewleaf.I'velearnedmylesson.I'veturnedoveranewleaf.Onthisparole,theexamineraskedRedifhehadreformed.Redonlyhadtoanswertheexaminer'squestionbysaying"Yes,Ihavereformed,"buthereRedusedmoreanswersthanthequestionneededtoemphasizethathehadreformed,providedredundantinformation.SointhisconversationRedviolatedthequantitativecriterionandsaidmorethanisneededtocommunicate.ThereasonRedkeptrepeatingthesamewords,providingmoreinformationthanasimple"Yes,Ihavereformed,"wastoconvincethecensorthathehadregretteditsomuchthathewouldnotrepeatitwhenhegotout.Suchananswershowedthathewasdesperateforparole,andRedhadbeeninShawshankfor20years.Forhim,parolewasachancetoregainhisfreedom.Althoughheknewitwasalongshot,hestillhadtheillusionofapplyingforparole.Fromthis,itcanbeseenthatRedatthistimeisasincere,adventurous,eagerforfreedom.AftereveryoneknewthatBrookswantedtohurthisfellowprisonerstokeephiminprison,theydidnotunderstandBrooks'saction,sotheyhadthefollowingdialogue:(2)Red:Brooksisn'tcrazy.He'sjustinstitutionalized.Heywood:Institutionalized?Whatthehellisthat?Red:He'sbeeninprisonfiftyyears,fiftyyears,afroginawell,hewenttoschool,he'sgotstatusinprison,hecomesoutabasketcase,aprisonerwitharthritichands,hecan'tgetalibrarybookwithoutbeingturneddown,doyouunderstand?HereRedexplainedtoHeywoodwhyhesaidthatBrooksisinstitutionalized.Hedidn'tjusttoldHeywoodthatBrookswasafroginawellbecausehespenttoomuchtimeinprison,buthealsoexplainedtoHeywoodinamoreunderstandablewaythathisanswerhereismorethanthequestionrequired.Sotherewasalsoaviolationofthequantityrule,becausemorewassaidthanwasneededforcommunication.RedknewwhyBrookswantedtohurthisfellowinmatestokeephiminprison,hehadbeeninprisonforalongtime.Hecouldunderstandwhatwasgoingoninsideofhim,andhewasafraidthathewouldbelikehiminthefuture,sohewantedtotelleveryonethathewasjustinstitutionalized.Ontheonehand,hewantedtoleteveryonenotblameBrooks,andontheotherhand,hewantedtoremindthemnottobelikeBrooks.SoitshowsthatRedisthoughtful,sincereandunderstanding.ThethirdparoleisRed'slastparole.Thistime,Redsucceeded.Hisconversationwiththeexaminerisasfollows:(3)Examiner:Doyouregretit?Red:NotadaygoesbythatIdon'tregretit,notbecauseIwenttojailorbecauseyouthinkIshould.Justlookingbackandthinkingofmyselfasakid,tryingtoreasonwithhim,tryingtotellhimwhat'srightandwhat'swrongIhavetoacceptthatandturnoveranewleaf,youknow?It'sjustnonsenseHonestly,Idon'tcare.Thistime,whenfacingtheexaminer'squestiononwhetherheregrettedit,Redalsoansweredwithmoreinformationthanthequestionneeded,butinfact,heonlyneededtoanswer"Iregretit"toprovideenoughinformation,soRhetprovidedextrainformationhere,whichalsoviolatedthecriterionofquantityandsaidmorethantheamountofinformationneededforcommunication.Atthistime,Redhadchanged.Beforethis,thesystemizationofBrooksandAndy'sprisonbreakmadeRedbegintofacehisheartandanalyzehisinnermostthoughts,andhisself-consciousnessbegantoawaken.Therefore,hedidnotjustanswer"Iregret",butsaidallhisinnerthoughts.Itcanbeseenthathehasexcellentdialecticalthinkingabilityandtheabilitytosummarizetheessencefromthephenomenon,andhasthecouragetofacetheproblemandfacetheheart.Tommyisacharacterappearinginthemiddleandlaststageofthemovie,ayoungmanwhohasbeencirculatinginvariousprisonsforpettytheftforalongtime.WhenhefirstcametoShawshank,hesoonmixedwiththem.Whentheyhaddinnertogether,theyhadthefollowingconversationwithTommy:(4)Heywood:YouwereinCashmanPrison,right?Tommy:Yeah,that'sthebesttimetohangout,gohomeontheweekends,outsideservice,notlikehere.Cellmate:You'vebeenineveryprison?Tommy:Yeah,I'vebeeninprisonsinceIwas13,younameit.HereHeywoodaskedTommyifhespenttimeatCashman.Tommydidn'tjustanswer"yes,"butalsotoldhisfellowinmatesaboutCashman'sgoodsystemandcomparedittoShawshank,providingmoreinformationthanthequestionrequires.SohereTommyviolatedthequantityrule,saidmorethanisnecessarytocommunicate.Hetalkedandlaughedabouthislong-termexperienceinvariousprisons,whichshowedthatalthoughhewasfulloffaultsandalwaysgotintotrouble,hedidnotfeelashamedbecauseofthem,andtookitforfun.ItshowedthatTommy'scheerful,simpleandfrankpersonalitywaspopularamonghisfellowinmates.That'swhyRedsayshe'sdrag,buthe'slovable.3.1.2DeficientInformationwithinCommunicationNeeds––RedThisisthefirsttimeAndyhastalkedtoanyonesincehegottotheprison.ThispersonwasRed.AndyknewthatRedcouldgetwhathewanted,sohewantedRedtohelphimgetastonehammer,sotheyhadthefollowingconversation:Andy:Iwantastonehammer.Red:What?Andy:Stonehammer.Red:Forwhat?Andy:Whyask?Red:Ifitwasatoothbrush,I'djustquotebecausetoothbrushesaren'tdangerous,arethey?Redthoughtthestonehammerwasdangerous,sohewantedtoaskAndywhattodowithit.However,whenAndyaskedwhyheasked,hedidnotfullyanswerAndy'squestion.Instead,heusedthetoothbrushasanexampletoindirectlytellAndywhy,sohereRedviolatedtheprincipleofquantityandsaidlessinformationthanneededforcommunication.RedaskedAndywhathewantedthestonehammerfor.First,hewasafraidthatAndywantedtoescapefromprisonandbepunished;second,hewasafraidthatAndy'sstonehammerwouldbefoundandprosecutedtohim.IncaseofAndy'sstonehammer,hewouldasktomakesurethattherewasnodanger.SoRedisacareful,wise,thoughtfulman.3.2AnalysisofCharacterImageinViolationofQualitativeCriteriaViolationsofqualitativecriteriausuallymanifestthemselvesintheformoffalsestatementsandunsubstantiatedstatements.Thissectionanalyzesthedialoguethatviolatesqualitativenormsinthefilmandthecharacterstheyembody.3.2.1DeliberateFalsehoodsinConversation––HeywoodandNortonWhenAndyfirstaskedRedtobroughtsomething,Redaskedhimwhyhewasinprison,Andysaidhewasinnocent,soRedandHeywoodhadthefollowingconversation:(1)Red:Heywood,whyareyouinprison?Heywood:I'mnotguilty.Iwasvictimizedbymylawyer.RedtoldAndythateveryoneinShawshankwasinnocent,butitwasn't.TheythoughtAndywasguilty,butheliedtothem.TheythoughteveryoneinShawshankwasguilty,buttheydidn'twanttoadmittheirguilt.SoHeywoodviolatedthequalitativecodebysayingwhatheknewtobefalse.Heywood'sabilitytosayitjokinglygivestheaudiencetheimpressionofaslickrascally,butatthesametimerevealshimtobeanmindless,pureman.NortonwasthewardenofShawshankPrison,andheusedAndyasatooltolaundermoney.AfterhelearnedthatAndy'scasewasamiscarriageofjustice,hepunishedAndyasasolitaryprisonerforonemonth,andcalledTommywhoknewthetruthtoaplacetoshoothim.Beforeshooting,Tommyhadthefollowingconversation:(2)Norton:I'mshockedbythis.DoyouknowwhatIshoulddo?Ineedyourhelp,andIneedtobeabsolutelycertainthatIcanoverturnthiscase,andIneedtoknowifyou'retellingthetruth.Tommy:Yes,wordforword.Norton:Canyouswearbeforeajudge?CanyouswearbeforetheLordontheBible?Tommy:Iwon'thesitate.Norton:That'swhatIthought.Here,NortonoriginallywantedtokillTommyinordertoeliminatetheevidencethatAndy'scasewasamiscarriageofjustice.However,whenhetalkedwithTommy,hesaidthathewantedtohelpAndyoverturnthecasesothatTommycouldtrusthim,sothatTommycouldexpressedhisinnerthoughts.SothiswasaviolationofthequalitativecodebyNortonsaidwhatheknewtobefalse.InordertoensurethedisappearanceofthisevidencesothatAndy'scasecanneverbeoverturned,NortonevenshootsTommy,whohadawifeanddaughterathomeandjustgotahighschooldiploma,whichcanbeseenthatNortonwasaselfishandcruelman.AndthefollowingiswhathesaidwhenhebrokethenewsofTommy'sdeathtoAndy:(3)Norton:AsI'msureyou'veheard,it'ssadtoescapewithlessthanayeartogo,andtoshoothimmakesHaleyverysad,really...Andy:That'sit.I'mdone.NortondeliberatelyshotTommybecausehewantedtokeepAndy,butinordertogainAndy'strustandgetridofthesuspicion,itwascertainlynotwiseforhimtotelltherealreasonofTommy'sdeath,sohemadeupthereasonforTommy'sdeath,andsaidtoAndywhohadbeeninprisonforamonththatTommywasshotbecausehewantedtoescape.HereNortonviolatedtheprincipleofqualitybysayingwhatheknewtobefalse.NortonshotTommybecauseTommyknewwhyAndywasbeingscapegoated,andhedidn'twantAndytoreopenthecase.AndheliedtoAndybecausehedidn'twanttoloseAndy,becausehewantedAndytotrusthim,tokeeplaunderinghismoney.Forpersonalgain,NortonbrutallyshotTommy,whojustgotadiploma,anddeceivedAndy,showingasinister,viciousandgreedyimage,andsatirizedhisimageasapiouspseudo-Christian.3.2.2LackofEvidenceinConversation––LawyerAtthebeginningofthefilm,Andywasaccusedofmurderinghiswifeandherloverincourt.Inthecourt,thelawyerandAndyhadthefollowingconversation:Lawyer:Youhaveagun?Andy:Yes.Lawyer:Whentheycameback,youbrokeintotheroomandkilledthem?...Lawyer:Ladiesandgentlemen,youhaveseenalltheevidenceandgottothebottomofthefacts....AndI'mguessinghe'salreadyfiredfourbulletsathiswifeandfourathiswife'sloveronthenightofSeptember21,1946thisyear...SincethepolicedidnotfindAndy'sgunfromtheriver,therewasnodirectevidencetoprovethatAndywasthemurdererofhiswifeandhiswife'slover,sothelawyerviolatedthequalitativestandardandsaidwhatlackedsufficientevidence.Duetothelackofevidence,thelawyercouldnotdeterminewhotherealmurdererwas.Inordertoclosethecase,healwaysledthepeoplepresenttoidentifyAndyasthemurdererincourt,whicheventuallyledtoAndybeingwronglyimprisoned.Therefore,itcanbeseenthatthislawyerisanincompetentandirresponsibleman,anditalsoshowsthepoliticalcorruptionoftheUnitedStatesatthattimethroughthecourt3.3AnalysisofCharacterImageinViolationofRelationshipCriteriaTheviolationofrelationalcriteriausuallymeansthatwhatissaidisnotrelevanttotheprevioustextornotfittothequestion.Thissectionanalyzesdialoguethatviolatesrelationshipnormsinmoviesandthecharacterstheyembody.3.3.1IrrelevantInformationtothePreviousDiscourse––NewPrisonerWhenAndyandtheotherinmateswerefirstsenttoprison,WardenNortonexplainedtherulesoftheprisontothemandhadthisconversationwithanewprisoner:Norton:Rulenumberone:DonotprofaneGod,donotabusethenameoftheLord.Otherrules,takeyourtime.Anyotherquestions?Newprisoner:Whendoweeat?AlthoughtheliteralmeaningofNorton'squestionisthatthenewprisoneraskednoquestions,thenewprisoner'sanswersareirrelevantinrelationtoNorton'squestion,sothenewprisonerviolatestherelationshipcodebysayingsomethingirrelevant.Thenewprisoneraskingthisquestionreflectsthathedoesnotrealizewhatkindofenvironmenthewasinrightnowanddoesnotknowthedarknessoftheprison.Itcanbeseenthatheisaverysimplemanandalsoreflectshis"newness".3.3.2InappropriateResponsestoQuestions––AndyAndywasassignedtothelibrarybecausehewasgoodattaxes.ThefollowingconversationtookplacewhenBrookswastellinghimabouthisdailytasksatthelibrary:Brooks:Yourdailytaskistocarrythebookstothecar,walkaround,writedownthenameoftheborrower,that'sall,simple,what'stheproblem?Andy:Howlonghaveyoubeenmanagingthelibrary?BecauseBrookswasintroducingtheclassificationofbooksinthelibraryandthecontentofworktohim,thequestionshewantedtoaskwererelatedtowork,whilethequestionsAndyaskedwerenotrelatedtowork,soAndyviolatedtherulesofrelationshipandwhathesaidwasnotappropriatetotheproblem.AndthereasonAndyaskedBrookshowlonghe'dbeenrunningthelibrarywasbecausehewantedtoknowwhyhewassuddenlyassignedtothelibrary,becauseheknewthewardenwouldn'tjustputhimtherefornoreason.SoitshowsthatAndyisacautious,wiseandopen-mindedperson.3.4AnalysisofCharacterImageinViolationoftheModeCriteriontheviolationofmodecriterionusuallyreferstothewordssaidwasunclear,ambiguous,unconcise,anddisorganized.Thissectionanalyzesdialoguesinmoviesthatviolatethecodeofstyleandthecharacterstheyembody3.4.1ObscureandConfusingInformation––BrooksWhenAndyateintheprisoncanteenforthefirsttime,hefoundaworminthemeal.Aftersawthis,BrooksandAndyhadthefollowingconversation:Brooks:Doyouwantsome?Andy:No,I'mnot.Brooks:Wouldyoumindgivingittome?Infact,BrookswantedtogivethewormtohisbirdJacktoeat,butwithoutknowingthathehadraisedthebird,whathesaidcouldeasilybeinterpretedbyothersashewantedtoeattheworm,soBrooksviolatedthecodeofmannerandhiswordswereobscure.ThroughBrooksconcernforJackandsaidtotakecareofhimuntilhecouldtakeoff,itcanbeseenthatBrooksisawarmandlovingperson,andalsoreflectshisloneliness,andJackcanaddsomefuntohislonelylife.3.4.2AmbiguousInformation––AndyAndyspenttwoweeksinsolitaryconfinementforplayingrecordswithoutpermission.Afterhegotout,hewashavingdinnerwithhisfellowinmates.Thefollowingconversationhappened:Cellmate:Istwoweeksworthit?Andy:Thishasbeenmymostcomfortabletwoweeks.Cellmate:That'stheworst.Andy:IhaveMozartwithme.Cellmate:Theyletyoubringarecordplayer?Andy:Inthehead,intheheart,thebeautyofmusiccan'tbetakenaway.HereAndysaidthathehadMozartwithhimtomakehiscellmatesmisunderstoodthattheyhadAndyindetentionwitharecordplayer,butinfactAndymeantthemusicinhismindandinhisheart.SohereAndyviolatedthemodecriterion,andtherewasambiguityinwhathesaid.FromAndy'sstatementthathehadMozartinhismindandheart,itcanbeseenthatAndyisamanwithhope,yearningforfreedomandfirmfaithinhisheart.3.4.3InefficientandProlixInformation––AndyWhenAndy,Redandotherinmateswentouttoworktogether,AndyoverheardtheprisoncaptainHayleysaidthathehadataxproblem.BecauseAndywasproficientintax,hewantedtohelphimsolvedit,sohecameforwardandhadthefollowingconversationwithHadley:Andy:Doyoutrustyourwife?Hadley:That'sfunny...Andy:Doessheholdyouback?Hadley:That'sit.He'stiredoflivingAndy:Ifyoucancountonher,you'llgetthirty-fivegrand...AndywantedHaleytoknowthathehadawaytomakehimgotthirty-fivethousanddollars,buthedidn’tdirectlytoldHaleythathehadaway,butfirstaskedHaleywhetherhetrusthiswife,whetherhecancountonher.Becauseofthelackofsuccinctexpression,HaleycouldnotunderstandwhatAndywassayingintime,soHaleythoughtAndywaslookingfortrouble.HereAndyviolatedthecodeofmannerbynotbeingconciseenough.Andy,ontheotherhand,hadthecouragetoexplaintoHadleythathecouldhelphimwithhistaxes,andwasabletothinkclearlyenoughtoexplaintoHadleywhenhetriedtopushhimdownthestairs.ItcanbeseenthatAndyisacalmandresolutepersonwhoisbravetoseizeopportunities.3.4.4DisorganizedInformation––BrooksAndyandRedwenttoShawshankPrisonimmediatelyafterlearningthatBrookshadbeengrantedparoleandwantedtohurtHeywoodtokeephimselfinShawshankPrison.TheyhadthefollowingconversationwithBrooks:Red:Hey,Brooks,talktome.Brooks:There'snothingtotell.I'llcuthisthroat.Red:Waitaminute.What'swrongwithHeywood?Brooks:It'stheirfault.IhavenootherchoiceBrooks:IhavetogetintroubletostayhereBrooksparolesuccessedbuthedidn'twanttoleavetheprison,sohewantedtohurtHeywoodtolethimselfstay,butbecausetheemotionwastooexcitedledtospeakincoherent,themeaninghewantedtoexpresscouldnotbeexpressedintime,andAndyandReddidn'tknowBrooksparolesuccessed,sotheycouldnotunderstandwhyBrookswantedtohurtHeywood.HereBrooksviolatedthecodeofmanner,andwhathesaidwasdisorganized.Hewasbeeninprisonfor50years,andnowparoleisnotagoodoutcomeforhim,becausehewassooutoftouchwiththeoutsideworld,hecouldn'tadapttolifeoutside,andhewasinstitutionalized,sohewantedtohurthisfellowinmatestostayinprison,buthewassoemotionalthathebrokethecodeofmanner.Thewordswerenotcoherent,whichcanbeseenBrooks'sdespairandfearoftheunknownlife.ChapterFourTheSignificanceofDialoguesinViolationoftheCooperativePrincipleinTheShawshankRedemptionThissectionanalyzesthesignificanceoftheviolationoftheCooperationPrincipleinTheShawshankRedemptioninportrayingthecharacterimageandenhancingthehumorouseffectofthefilmthroughtheexamplesmentionedabove.4.1ContributiontoBetterCharacterizationInadditiontohelpingtheaudienceunderstandtheplot,thedialogueinfilmandtelevisionworksismoreimportanttodepictvividcharactersandmoldtypicalcharacters.Inordertodepictthecharacterimage,inadditiontocarefullydesigningthewordingandmodificationofthecharacterlanguage,pragmaticaspectsalsoneededtobefullyconsidered,andtheCooperationPrincipleplaysanimportantroleindepictingthecharacterimage.IndialoguesthatviolatetheCooperationPrinciple,althoughthespeakerdoesnotfollowtherulesinthedialogue,itdoesnotaffectthelistener'sunderstandingofthecontent.Onthecontrary,itisactuallyareflectionofthecharacterimage,whichcanmakethecharacterimagemorevividandintriguing,andhelpreaderstograspthedistinctivecharacterofthefiguresmoredeeplyanddeepentheirunderstandingofthefilmtheme.ThroughalargenumberofdialogueanalysisinviolationoftheCooperationPrinciple,therearesmart,calmandresoluteAndy,wiseandcourageousRed,warmandloving,lonelyandpoorBrooks,sinisterandselfishwardenNorton,livelyandcheerfulTommy,simpleandschemelessHeywoodandsoon.IfthedialoguesbetweenthecharactersinthemoviefollowtheCooperationPrinciple,thesedialogueswillbecomemonotonousandstiff,whichwillmakethemovielosethecharmoflanguageitselfandcannotdepictvividcharacters.Therefore,theviolationoftheCooperationPrincipleisconducivetobettercharacterizingthecharacters.4.2HelptoEnhancetheHumorousEffectHumorisaspecialformofhumancommunication,appearinginallaspectsoflife,withvariousmeansofexpressionandformsofexpression.Ambiguity,excessiveorinsufficientinformation,etc.,maybecomethemechanismofhumor.Humorcanbedividedintoverbalhumorandnon-verbalhumor.Themaindiscussionhereisverbalhumor.Verbalhumoriscloselyrelatedtohumorsender,receiver,languageformandrelevantcontext.Thedialoguesinfilmandtelevisionworksthatviolatetheprincipleofcooperationexplainhowthelistenerunderstandsthemeaningbetweenthelinesthroughthesurfacemeaningofwhatthespeakersays.Suchdialoguesoftenproducehumorouseffects,whichisconducivetotheartisticexpressionandcharmoffilmandtelevisionworksandsublimatetheworks,sothattheworkscanbesublimated.Inthesedialogues,thetwosidesofthedialogueintentionallymakepragmaticdeviationsinthequantity,quality,relationshipandmannerofwhatissaid,thusreflectingthehumorofthediscourse.ThispapertakesthedialoguesofcharactersinTheShawshankRedemptionasanexamplestudy.Intheseexamples,bothsidesofthedialogueintentionallyorunintentionallyviolateoneormoreoftheCooperationPrincipleliterally,resultingintheinconsistencybetw