Unit1ReadingandThinking课文译文及知识点总结课件高中英语人教版选择性

Book1Unit1ReadingandThinking

TuYouyouAwardedNobelPrizeCONTENTS目录01复述课文ProjectDescription02课文译文

ProjectPlan03句型精讲MarketAnalysis04句型精讲ReturnonInvestment01PART复述课文AFAMOUSQUOTEManisnotmadefordefeat.Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.---E.M.Hemingway人生来不是被打败的。人可以被毁灭，但不可以被打败。Title

Body

Conclusion/Ending

Lead

TuYouyou,a

commitedandpatient

scientist,wasborninChinaandgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.Aftergraduation,sheworkedattheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicineinBeijing.In1967,shewaschosenbythegovernmenttojoinateamofscientistswiththeobjective

ofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria.Herteamexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated

280,000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.

Fromtheirresearch,

theydiscoveredandtested380distinct

ancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.

复述课文

Usingalowertemperatureto

draw

outtheextract,shefoundasubstancethatworked.Afteralotoffailures,in1971,TuYouyouandherteammemberssucceeded.Theyeveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.Themedicine,whichwascalledartemisinin,soonbecameastandardtreatmentformalaria.

AccordingtoTuYouyou,thediscoveryof

artemisininwasateameffort.Uponhearingthatshehadbeenawarded

theNobelPrize,shesaidthehonourbelongedtotheteambehindherandallthepeopleofhercountryandthatthesuccessprovesthegreatvalueoftraditionalChinesemedicine.02PART课文译文Thisyear’sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co-winner),whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.Artemisininhassavedhundredsofthousandsoflives,andhasledtoimprovedhealthformillionsofpeople.Over200millionpeoplearoundtheworldgetmalariaeachyear,andabout600,000diefromit.Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.屠呦呦荣获诺贝尔奖2015年10月6日本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已授予屠呦呦(得主之一)，她的研究使青蒿素这种至关重要的新型抗疟疾药物得以发现。青蒿素挽救了成千上万人的生命，改善了很多人的健康状况。全世界每年有2亿多人感染疟疾，其中约60万人死于该种疾病。青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。TUYOUYOUAWARDEDNOBELPRIZE

6October2015whenwhatwhowhyTuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China,on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.Aftershegraduated,sheworkedattheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicineinBeijing.In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththe

objective

ofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.Inthebeginning,TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.In1969,shebecametheheadoftheprojectinBeijing,anddecidedtoreviewancientChinesemedicaltextstofindtraditional

botanical

treatmentsforthedisease.Herteamexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,and

evaluated

280,000plantsfortheirmedical

properties.Fromtheirresearch,theydiscoveredandtested380

distinct

ancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.

屠呦呦，这位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学部(原北京医学院)。毕业后，她就职于北京的中国中医研究院。1967年，中国政府成立了一支科学家团队，旨在发现新型抗疟疾疗法，屠呦呦入选首批研究人员。起初，屠呦呦奔赴疟疾更为常见的海南研究疟疾患者。1969年，她在北京成了该项目的负责人，并决定从中医药古方中寻找应对疟疾的传统植物疗法。她的团队研读了2000多篇(个)中医药古籍(古方)，评估了28万种植物的药学属性。通过研究，他们发现并测试了380种不同的有望战胜疟疾的古代中医疗法。

Onemedicaltextfromthefourthcenturysuggestedusingtheextractfromsweetwormwoodtotreatafever.Tu’steamtestedacollectionofdriedwormwoodleavesbutfoundnoeffect.Theythentried

boiling

freshwormwood,andusingthe

liquidobtained

fromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.Theirprojectgotstuck.However,TuYouyouwouldnot

acknowledge

defeat.She

analysed

themedicaltextsagain,andbychance,shefoundonesentencesuggestingadifferentwaytotreatthewormwood.Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwood

apparently

destroyeditsmedicalproperties.Usingalowertemperaturetodrawouttheextract,shefounda

substance

thatworked.Afterfailingmorethan190times,theteamfinallysucceededin1971.TuYouyouandherteammemberseven

insisted

ontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.Thismedicine,whichwascalledartemisinin,soonbecameastandardtreatmentformalaria.一本四世纪的医学文献建议采用青蒿提取物治疗发烧。屠呦呦的团队测试了一组干青蒿叶，但是发现无效。之后，他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，用熬出的液体治疗疟疾，但是依旧无效。他们的项目陷入了僵局。然而，屠呦呦并不认输。她再次分析医学文献，碰巧发现其中有一句话建议采用一种不同的方法处理青蒿。她得出结论，认为水煎青蒿显然破坏了它的药学属性。通过使用更低的温度萃取提取物后，她发现了一种有效物质。经历了190多次的失败之后，团队终于在1971年获得了成功。屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。随后，该药物试用于疟疾患者，其中大多数人康复了。这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快就成为治疗疟疾的标准疗法。AccordingtoTuYouyou,thediscoveryofartemisininwasateameffort.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine.Thereisateambehindme,andallthepeopleofmycountry.ThissuccessprovesthegreatvalueoftraditionalChinesemedicine.ItisindeedanhonourforChina’s

scientific

researchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.”屠呦呦说，青蒿素的发现是一个团队努力的结果。当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。在我身后有一个团队，还有我的祖国和人民。这一成功证明了中医的巨大价值。中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。”03PART词汇精讲1.Thisyear’sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co-winner),whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.

crucialextremelyimportant,becauseitwillaffectotherthings至关重要的；关键性的Winningthiscontract

thesuccessofthecompany.Earlydiagnosisoftheillnesssuccessfultreatment.Parentspreparingtheirchildforschool.allstudents(should)developthesebasicskills.becrucialto/for…对……至关重要playacrucialrole/partin…在……中起至关重要的作用Itiscrucialthat………极其重要。(that引导的主语从句中谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略)iscrucialtoiscrucialfor

playacrucialrolein

Itiscrucialthat完成句子①球迷的支持对我们赢得超级杯非常关键。Thesupportofourfans___________________ourwinningtheSuperBowl.②周六，安德森在球队3比2获胜中起了关键作用。Anderson_____________________________theteam’s3—2victoryonSaturday.iscrucialto/for

playedacrucialrole/partin

即学即练③关键是要马上着手处理这一问题。Itiscrucialthattheproblem_______________________immediately.单句语法填空④Moneywillbecrucial______theaccomplishmentofourobjectives.(should)bedealtwith

to

即学即练2.Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.vital：necessaryoressentialinorderforsthtosucceedorexist必不可少的；对…极重要的Skillfulemployeesthesuccessofanycompany.Itgetmedicalsuppliestotheareaassoonaspossible.we(should)carryouttheoperationimmediately.归纳总结bevitalto/for对……至关重要Itisvitaltodosth.做某事是至关重要的。Itisvitalthat………是至关重要的。arevitaltoisvitaltoIt’svitalthat单句语法填空①(2019·天津卷)Understandinghistoryisvital______understandingourselvesasapeopleandasanation.②Itisvitalthatenoughmoney__________________(collect)tofundtheproject.③Itisvitalforajournalist__________(keep)accuraterecords.to

(should)becollected

tokeep

即学即练完成句子④_________________(……是至关重要的)weshouldrecyclewhateverwecantocutdownthecost.⑤_____________(……是至关重要的)tokeepthesafetyrulesinmind.Itisvitalthat

Itisvital

即学即练3．

TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China,on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.committed

：(approving)willingtoworkhardandgiveyourtimeandenergytosth;believingstronglyinsth.•acommittedmemberoftheteam忠于职守的队员•Theyarecommittedsocialists.他们是坚定的社会主义者Inadditiontoherresearch,sheenvironmentalprotection.hasbeencommittedto

becommittedto(doing)sth.对(做)某事很坚定；承诺(做)某事Hehascommittedacrimeandshouldbesenttoprison.Ifsomeonecommitssuicide,theydeliberatelykillthemselves.IwouldadvisepeopletothinkverycarefullyaboutcommittingthemselvestoworkingSundays.ThePresidentiscommittedtoreforminghealthcare.Borrowersshouldthinkcarefullybeforecommittingthemselvestotakingoutaloan.借款人应当慎重考虑之后再行借贷。Bothsidescommittedthemselvestosettlethedisputepeacefully.commitacrime犯罪commitamistake/anerror犯错误commitsuicide/murder自杀/谋杀commitsb./oneselfto(doing)sth.承诺/保证做某事commitoneselftodosth承诺/保证做某事(3)commitmentn.[C，U]许诺，承诺；[U](对工作或活动的)献身，奉献，投入；[C，U](资金、时间、人力的)花费，使用makeacommitmenttosb./sth.对某人/某物作出承诺makeacommitmenttodosth.保证/承诺做某事Shedoesn'twanttomakeabigemotionalcommitmenttoSteveatthemoment.她不想在此刻对史蒂夫在感情上作出重大的承诺。Thecompany'scommitmenttoprovidingqualityatareasonablepricehasbeenvitaltoitssuccess.

这家公司保证供货质优价廉的承诺对它的成功起了决定性的作用。

完成句子①(2020·江苏卷)AndtensofmillionsinAfricaandAsiacanseebecauseofthe______________(commit)Wilsonmadetopreventingthepreventable.②Hequicklyfoundthathelovedplayingthisinstrument,andwas_____________(commit)topracticingit.③Hehascommittedhimself_____________thecauseofeducation.④Thisdevelopmentarea_________________(致力于)creatingaperfectinvestmentenvironment.⑤There’snodoubtthathercolleague___________________(犯了罪)andwasputintoprison.⑥Ifyouareseriousaboutourrelationship,youshould_____________________(做出承诺).commitment

committed

iscommittedto

committedacrime

to

makea

commitment

即学即练4．Herteamexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280,000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.evaluatevt.toformanopinionoftheamount,valueorqualityofsthafterthinkingaboutitcarefully估计；评价；评估Icannotevaluatehisabilitywithoutseeinghiswork.Learntoevaluateallsituationsyoufind.evaluationn.评估，估算Weneedtocarryoutaproperevaluationofthenewsystem.

单句语法填空①Theeffectsofthedrugonpatients’behaviourareextremelydifficult______________(evaluate).②Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshould_______________(evaluate)intermsofoverallquality.③Weneedtocarryoutaproper______________(evaluate)ofthenewsystem.完成句子④Theschoolhasonlybeenopenforsixmonths,soit’shardto______________________(评估它的成功).toevaluate

beevaluated

evaluation

evaluateitssuccess

即学即练5．Fromtheirresearch,theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.distinctadj.①easilyorclearlyheard,seen,felt,etc.②clearlydifferentorofadifferentkindAlthoughthesetwoconceptsarequitedistinctfromeachother,studentscan’tdistinguishthem.Whiletheteacher’svoicewasquiet,everywordwasdistinct.Itisdistinctthat…很明显……bedistinctfrom…in…在……方面与……不同(＝bedifferentfrom…in…)(2)distinctionn.[C，U]acleardifferenceorcontrastespeciallybetweenpeopleorthingsthataresimilarorrelated差别；区分；卓著make/drawadistinction区分开来；区别对待thedistinctionbetweenAandB

A与B之间的差别distinctionsbetweentraditionalandmodernsocieties传统社会和现代社会的差别Philosophersdidnotusetomakeadistinctionbetweenartsandscience.哲学家过去习惯不把艺术和科学区别开来。Weneedtodrawadistinctionbetweenthetwoevents.我们得把两起事件区别开来。单句语法填空①Goldisdistinct________iron.②Thereisafine______________(distinct)betweenthetwowords.③Wemustmakeadistinction___________formallanguageandinformallanguage.④Thetwoessaysaredistinctfromeachother______style.from

distinction

between

in

即学即练完成句子⑤It’sdifficultforachildto____________________________________________(明辨是非).⑥_________________________________(……是明显的)smokingisharmfultoourhealth.makeadistinctionbetweenrightandwrong

Itisdistinct/obvious/evidentthat

即学即练6．Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.obtainvt.togetsth,especiallybymakinganeffort（尤指经努力）获得，赢得Onlywithafirmdeterminationwillweobtainsuchchange.只有坚定信念我们才能取得这样的改变。(2019·天津高考)Andonewillnotobtainanyapplicableskills.并且一个人并不能获得实用技能。Theyobtainedaloanfromthegovernment.他们从政府那里得到一笔贷款。(1)obtainfrom…从……中获得/取得obtainsth.获得/取得某物(2)obtainableadj.可获得的；可得到的单句语法填空①Someofthesaltthatweuseisobtained________thesea.②Wecanobtainexperience___________constantpractice.③Thesearetheresults____________(obtain)throughthesesurveys.完成句子④Youshould____________________(获得允许)fromtheheadteacherbeforeyouleaveschool.⑤Bothofthesebookscan__________________(从……中得到)thelibrary.from

through

obtained

obtainpermission

beobtainedfrom

即学即练7．Theirprojectgotstuck.However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.acknowledgevt.toacceptthatsthistrue承认（属实）Theyacknowledgedhavinggivenuptheshipatlast.Theyacknowledgedthatthetopictheywerediscussingwasrelatedtonationalsecurity.Igratefullyacknowledgefinancialsupportfromseverallocalbusinesses.(1)acknowledgehavingdonesth.承认做了某事acknowledgethat…承认……acknowledge…as/tobe…认为……是……Itisgenerally/widelyacknowledgedthat…普遍认为……(2)acknowledgementn.承认；感谢单句语法填空①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Heryearsofhardworkhavefinally__________________________(acknowledge)afteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.②Istartedtoacknowledgefailure______exactlywhatitis:anunavoidablepartofeveryone’slife—nothingmoreandnothingless.③Thissettingdetermineswhenthesecondaryserversendsan___________________(acknowledge)totheprimaryserver.beenacknowledged

as

acknowledgement

即学即练判断下列句子中acknowledge的含义④Thefilmfestivalisacknowledgedasaneventofinternationalimportance.____________________⑤Wewishtoacknowledgethesupportoftheuniversity.______________完成句子⑥彼得承认未通过驾照考试。Peter___________________________________________________thedrivingtest.⑦________________________________________(普遍认为……)gettingupearlyisbeneficialtohealth.承认(权威、地位)

(公开)感谢

acknowledgednotpassing/acknowledgedthathehadn’tpassed

Itiswidely/generallyacknowledgedthat

即学即练8．Theirprojectgotstuck.However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.n.

failuretowinortobesuccessful失败；战败；挫败vt.towinagainstsbinawar,competition,sportsgame,etc.击败；战胜Thisiswhymostseniorhighschoolstudentssufferdefeateveryday.Hedeclaredthat

wearetodefeatthosewhoattemptedtoteartheworlddownintime.defeatsb.击败某人sufferaseriousdefeat遭受严重的挫败单句语法填空①Mostofyoureallybelievethatthewayyougettowhatyoudowantis____________(defeat)whatyoudonotwant.②Hitlerrefusedtoacknowledgethefactthathehimself_______________(defeat)bythepeopleintheend.③They___________________(遭遇失败)inthebattle.④Itwaslackofeffort,notofmoney,that_____________________(使他们的计划失败).⑤Thistimeourteam_______________(被击败)by2goalsto5．todefeat

wasdefeated

sufferedadefeat

defeatedtheirplan

wasdefeated

即学即练辨析填空：defeat/beat/win⑥—Didyouwatchthefootballmatchlastnight?—Yes,that’samostcloseone,andeventuallyneithersidecould_______________theother.⑦Everyyear,whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewill_______aprizeintheKiteFestival.⑧We________theminthegamelastSundayandfinallywe_______thematch.defeat/beat

win

beat

won

即学即练9.Usingalowertemperaturetodrawouttheextract,shefoundasubstancethatworked.drawout=takeoutHedrewoutfromhisluggageaboxwrappedincolouredpaperandgaveittohisson.Thefinalquestiondrewthemeetingoutforanotherhour.Withtheapproachofspringthedaysbegintodrawout.延长(白昼)渐长drawup起草，拟定drawin(天黑)渐早，(白昼)渐短drawback后退；撤回用draw的相关短语完成句子①I___________apieceofpaperfromthedrawer,intendingtowritesomethingtodescribethisspecialday.②Theyagreedtoestablishaworkingpartyto__________aformalagreement.③Atyesterday’smeeting,thedirector___________hisspeechtoalmosttwohours.drewout

drawup

drewout

即学即练10．TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.insiston①

todemandsthandrefusetobepersuadedtoacceptanythingelse坚决要求②

tocontinuedoingstheventhoughotherpeoplethinkitisannoying执意继续做Sheinsistedon/upon(our)goingtoBeijingbyairasitwasmorecomfortable.(2019·天津高考)Youshouldrespecttheviewsofothers,andatthesametimeinsistonwhatyouthinkisright.Thoughallhisfriendsblamedhim,heinsistedthathehaddonenothingwrong.MymotherinsistedthatI(should)cleanmyroomfirst.insist后接that从句时，有两种情况：①表示“坚持，坚决要求”时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。②表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句用陈述语气。Sheinsistedthatthemanhadstolenherwalletandthathe(should)besenttothepolicestation.她坚持说那个人偷了她的钱包，并坚决要求把他送到警察局。

单句语法填空①Themaninsisted______findingataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.②Heinsistedthathe___________(do)nothingwrongand_________________(set)free.完成句子③Mysister______________________________(坚持说她是无辜的).一句多译爸爸坚持要求我们每天至少要学一样新东西。④Papa_______________________________atleastonenewthingeveryday.(insistthat.)⑤Papa_________________________atleastonenewthingeveryday.(insiston)on

haddone

(should)beset

insistedthatshewasinnocent

insistedthatwe(should)learn

insistedonourlearning

即学即练04PART句型精讲1．Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的关键，人们认为青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能救十万人。这是一个简单句。and连接两个并列的谓语hasbecome与isthought。bethoughttodosth.被认为……，该句型可以转化为Itis/wasthoughtthat…。本句可以转化为：Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,anditisthoughtthatartemisininsaves100,000livesayearinAfricaalone。句型精讲“主语＋bethought＋不定式”句型该句型的具体用法为：(1)该结构意为“……被认为……”，不定式根据需要有时态和语态的变化，即：句型精讲Thevaseisthoughttobeworthalotofmoney.人们认为这个花瓶值许多钱。Chineseisthoughttobespokenevenmorewidelyintheworldinthefuture.人们认为汉语将来在世界上的使用会更加广泛。LoulanisthoughttohavebeengraduallycoveredoverbysandstormsfromA．D．200toA．D．400．人们认为，楼兰在公元200年至公元400年之间被沙尘暴渐渐吞没。(2)该句型可与“It’sthoughtthat…”互换。他被认为是一位博学、谦逊的学者。Heisthoughttobealearnedandmodestscholar.It’sthoughtthatheisalearnedandmodestscholar.(3)常用于该句型的过去分词还有said，believed，considered，hoped，reported等。Ihaven’tseenJackformanyyears.HeissaidtobelivinginChinanow.＝Ihaven’tseenJackformanyyears.It’ssaidthatheislivinginChinanow.我很多年没有见到杰克了。据说，他现在在中国定居。

单句语法填空①______isthoughtthatthejoyoftravellingisnotinarrivingatyourdestinationbutinthejourneyitself.②Myfamilyhasavase,which_____________(think)todatebacktotheMingDynasty.