2022-2023学年上海民办南模中学高三年级上册期中考试英语试卷含详解

2022-2023学年上海市南模中学高三上学期期中考试英语试卷

I.Listeningcomprehension

略

ILGrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.For

theblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useoneword

thatbestfitseachblank.

HealthwarningasUKswelters

PeopleacrosstheUKhaveenjoyedthesunshinethisweek,buttheyhavealsoadvisedtobecarefulasaheatwavehits

muchofthecountry.

Aheatwaveisdefinedasaperiodofhotweather1temperaturesarehigherthanisexpectedforthetimeofyear.

Theyusuallyhappeninsummer.

However,climatechange(long-termchangestoweatherpatterns,mostly2(cause)byhumanactivitiessuchas

burningfossilfuels,farmingandcuttingdownforests)isincreasingthechanceofheatwaveshappeningandmakingthem

moreextreme.Thecurrenthotweatheriseven(much)3extremeinsomeEuropeancountries—temperaturesin

southernSpainhavereached46℃.

Heatwavescanbeadangertopeople'shealth,especiallyforvulnerablegroupssuchastheelderly,childrenandpeople

4certainhealthconditions.However,anyone5sufferfromtheeffectsofextremeheat,includingdehydration

(nothavingenoughwater)andheatstroke(aconditioncausedbythebodyoverheating).AgroupofleadingUKscientists

6(suggest)that,justasstormsaregivennames,weshouldnameheatwavesinordertoraiseawarenessofthehealth

risks.

TheMetOffice,theUK'snationalweatherservice,hasissuedanamberwarning.Thismeansthereisthepossibilityof

traveldelays,roadandrailclosures,powercutsandapotentialrisktopeople'shealth.Temperaturesareexpected7

(rise)to35℃,andtherehavebeenpredictionsthattherecordfortheUK'shottestdaycouldbebroken.Governmentofficials

havemettodiscuss8tointroduceaheatwaveemergency.

Tocopewithhotweather,theNHS(NationalHealthService)sayspeopleshouldtrytokeepoutoftheSunbetween11

amand3pm,9temperaturesareattheirhighestandthesunisstrongest.Makesureyouwearahat,applysunscreen

anddrinkplentyofwater.10(close)curtainsintheroomsinyourhomethatfacethesunwillhelptokeepindoor

spacescooler.Ifyouareswimmingoutdoorstocooldown,makesureyou'rewithatrustedadultandfollowlocalsafety

advice.

SectionB

Directions:Filiineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereis

onewordmorethanyouneed.

A.neededB.directlyC.constantlyD.dangerousE.weightlessF.repaired

G.affectedH.permanentI.scansJ.resultsK.decades

BadNewsForAstronautSkeletons

AstronautswhosebonesareweakenedbyspaceflightmaynotrecoverevenafterreturningtoEarth,accordingtoanew

study.Thisraisesquestionsabouthowhumanswillcopeonlongspacemissions.

The11conditionsinspacemeanthatastronauts5bodiesarenot12exercisinginthesamewayastheyare

onEarth.Musclesgetweakerbutbonesarealso13becausethebodydoesnotreplacemineralsthatare14.

Since2015,doctorsattheUniversityofCalgaryinCanadahavebeenstudyingtheproblembycomparing15of

astronauttibias(shinbones)madebeforeflight,16afterreturntoEarth,andaftersixand12monthsofrecoverytime.

Their17showthatayearafterreturningtoEarth,bonesstillhaveupto2.1%lowermineraldensity(ameasureof

theirstrength)thanbeforetheflight.

DrLeighGabel,wholedtheteam,explainedthattheeffectsofafewmonthsinspacewereequaltoseveral18

ofageingonEarth.Damagetotheboneitselfthatoccursinspacecan'tbe19、saysGabel,so“theastronaut'soverall

bonestructurepermanentlychanges^^.

Thestudyfoundthatthelongerthespacemission,thegreaterandmore20theboneloss.Thissupportsa2020

studythatpredictedthatduringathree-yearmissiontoMars,oneinthreeastronautswouldbeatriskofosteoporosis(fragile

bones).Gabelsaysspaceagencieswillneedtoimprovetheexerciseandnutritiontheyofferastronautsiftheyaretogoon

suchlongtrips.

III.ReadingComprehensions

SectionA

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C

andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Intentionsmatter

Whenmydaughterwasveryyoung,shebrokemyfavoritecup.Shewasmovingitaside,anditslippedfromherhand

andbrokeonthefloor.Ilovedthatcupandwasreallydisappointed,but21Ididn'tpunishher.Itwasanaccident.She

didn't22todropit.Intentionsmatter.Ordothey?

Ican'thelpbutfeelthatourmodernworlddoesnot23intentionsWeareallsoreadytofindfaultwithanother

personandsoconcernedwithourownresponsesthatwedon'tconsiderthe24ofothers.

Thereare25opportunitiestobeupsetthesedaysinthecelebritynewscycle,inpoliticsandinourown

interpersonalinteractions.Everysingleday,someoneistornapartonsocialmediaforsomethingtheyhavesaidordone.

Afriendofminesays,"It'snothowthemessageisintended;ifshowit'sreceived."Hemeansthatweneedto

be26whenchoosingourwordsbecausetheycaneasilybe27bythepersonweareaddressing.

Weallattimesexpressourselvespoorly,makeerrorsofjudgmentorhaveamomentof28wherewesaythewrong

thing.Allofushaveoffendedsomeoneatsomepointinourlives.

Theinternetisfullofpeopleseekingtomakethingsworse.29therearealsomanydecentpeoplewho30get

thingswrongorsimplydonotknowbetter.

Igetthatthereismuchtobeangryabout.Theworldisfullofinjustice.Theactionsandwordsofotherpeoplecancause

harm;31theactionsandwordsofotherpeoplematter.

Butintentionhastomattertoo,forustomakesenseoftheworld,andforustoeffectchange.32intentionscan

helpustofeelbetteraboutourfellowhumans.Whenweappreciateintent,itcanhelptolessentheimpactoftheirmessage.

Onamorepracticallevel,understandingintentioncanhelpusrespondtopeoplewith33insteadofanger.People

whowishtodotherightthingareoftenwillingtolisten.Whenwescreamatpeopleinanger,we34communication

andmakethemlessopentochange.Remember,humansare35asdividedassocialmediasuggests.

Didthepersonthrowthecup,ordiditslipfromtheirhands?Now,morethanever,Ithinktheanswermatters.

21.A.ofcourseB.afterallC.aboveallD.forexample

22.A.chooseB.happenC.meanD.expect

23.A.learnfromB.objecttoC.comeacrossD.carefor

24.A.businessB.intentionsC.emotionsD.relationships

25.A.endlessB.uniqueC.goldenD.ideal

26.A.hopefulB.carefulC.cheerfulD.helpful

27.A.misinterpretedB.reportedC.explainedD.commented

28.A.weaknessB.madnessC.carelessnessD.hopelessness

29.A.SoB.ButC.OrD.And

30.A.purposefullyB.generallyC.hardlyD.occasionally

31.A.howeverB.besidesC.thereforeD.although

32.A.ExpressingB.UnderstandingC.IndicatingD.Returning

33.A.sadnessB.kindnessC.happinessD.illness

34.A.makeuseofB.lookforwardtoC.talkaboutD.shutdown

35.A.rarelyB.speciallyC.suddenlyD.simply

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheone

thatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）

Wesaythattechnologyisadouble-edgedsword-whileitbringsconvenience,italsobringsnewproblems.The

swordof"socialmedia“evenhasagenderpreferenceinitsdamage:Itcutsdeeperintogirlsthanboys.

Earlierstudieshaveshownthatspendingtoomuchtimeonsocialmediaisbadforteenagers9mentalhealth.

Constantlywatchingtheirfriendsshowoff“perfect“livescanhurttheirownself-esteem（自尊）.That'snottomention

theproblemscausedbyonlineshamingandbullying（霸凌）.

JeanTwenge,aprofessoratSanDiegoStateUniversityintheUS,recentlydiscoveredanalarmingtrend:Since

2010,thenumberofteenagegirlswhosufferfrommajordepression-showingsignslikeself-harmandsuicide（自杀）-

hasincreasedmuchfasterthanthatofboys.InanarticleshewroteatTheConversation,Twengesaidsocialmedia,again,

wastoblame.

Forstarters,girlsusesocialmediamorethanboys.Boystendtospendtheirscreentimeongames,wheretheytalk

totheirteammatesthroughheadphones.Thiscountsasrealhumancontact.Girls,however,simplytypeandbrowse

throughposts,whichisamuchmoreisolated（孤立的）experience.''They'renothavingareal-timeconversationwith

someone,MMaryFristad,psychologistatTheOhioStateUniversity,toldNPR.

Andwhenitcomestoonlineshaming,girlsarealsomorevulnerablethanboys."Girlsfacemorepressureabout

theirappearance,whichcouldbeexacerbated（力H重）bysocialmedia,“wroteTwenge.

ShannonMcLaughlin,forexample,isan18-year-oldfromBlackburnCollegeintheUS.Shesharedwiththe

Guardianhowsocialmediamadeherfeeldepressed.wasconstantlyconfronted（面对）bywomenwithskinnybodies

whowerepraisedforthewaytheylooked.Thiswasonlymadeworsebythedietfixesandskinnyculture,shesaid.But

McLaughlinfoundasolution.ShestartedvolunteeringwiththeNationalCitizenService,whereshemadeface-to-face

contactwithpeople."It'ssoeasytoforgettheimportanceofrealconnectionswhenwehavehundredsofpeoplethat

we'retryingtoimpressatourfingertips,MshetoldtheGuardian.Andshehopesthatothers“lookupfromtheirphones

andfbcusmoreontheworldaroundthem”.

36.WhatdidTwengefindinherrecentstudy?

A.Overuseofsocialmediahannsteenagers,mentalhealth.

B.Socialmediadoesmoreharmtogirlsthanboys.

C.Girlssufferedmorefrombullyingthanboys.

D.Onlineshamingandbullyingaretoblameforteenagers5depression.

37.Whydogirlstendtofeelmoreisolatedthanboysonline,accordingtoMaryFristad?

A.Girlshavelessreal-timeinteractionwithpeople.

B.Playinggamesallowsboystohavemorefunthangirls.

C.Girlssuffermorepressureonsocialmedia.

D.Girlsusuallydesiremorecontactwithothers.

38.Theunderlinedword"vulnerable“inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto"

A.adjustingoneselfwellB.fightingbackbravely

C.beingunconcernedaboutsomethingD.beinglikelytobeatriskofsomething

39.WhatdoesMcLaughlinadviseteenagegirlstodo?

A.Ignoresocialmediaandstopfollowingadiet.

B.Connectmorewiththerealworld.

C.Constantlytakepartinvolunteerwork.

D.Makebetteruseofphonesforsocializing.

(B)

TherearesometypicaloftrainsyouUlfindyourselftravelingoninFrance.SNCF(法国国家铁路公司)operatesamix

ofhigh-speedservicesonmajorroutesandslowerregionalservicesbetweensmallerstationsaroundFrance.Findoutmore

abouteachtraintypebelow.

TGV

High-speed:upto320km/h

ConnectsPariswithmajorcitiesinFrance

Double-deckertrains

Oneofthemostpopularmodesoftransportforlong-distancetravelinFrance.Thesemoderntrainsrunonaround50

high-speedroutesandalwaysrequireareservationinadvance.

Inter-cites

StopsatcitiesnotpartoftheTGVnetwork

Dayandnightservices

NighttrainsbetweenParisandToulouse,Rodez,BrianconandLatour-de-Carol

Inter-citestrainsaremainlyusedformedium-distancejourneysacrossFrance.

AlthoughnotasfastasTGVtrains,theyservicealotofstationsacrossthecountrythataren'tonTGVroutes.Reservations

areusuallyrequiredonmostInter-citesservices.

TER

Regionaltrains（oneforeachregioninFrance）

Low-cost

StopsatsmallerstationsaroundFrance

TERstandsforTransportExpressRegionalandthereare20differentregionalTERservicesoperatingacrossFrance.

Popularwithcommuters（远品巨离通勤的youUllikelyboardoneofthesetrainsforshorterdistancetraveltosmaller

citiesandtownsthroughoutFrance.Youwon'tneedareservationtoboardaTERtrain.

Sleepertrains

OvernighttraveltoseveraldestinationsinFrance

Comfortableandsecurecabins

Opportunitytosaveonaccommodation

OperatedbyThello,thepopularnighttrainrouteinFrancestartsinParisandworksitswaydownintoItaly.Ifyouwant

tosavemoneyonaccommodationduringyourtrip,takingasleepertrainletsyouwakeupfeelingrefreshedatyournext

destination.

40.WhatdoTGVtrainsandInter-citestrainshaveincommon?

A.Bothcantravelat320km/h.B.Botharedouble-deckertrains.

C.Bothusuallyrequireareservation.D.BothconnectbigcitiesinEurope.

41.WhatisspecialaboutTERservice?

A.Itfeaturesnightservices.B.IttravelsasfastasTGVtrains.

C.Itissuitableforlong-distancetravelinFrance.D.Itoffersregionalservicesatrelativelylowcosts.

42.WhichbestsuitspeoplewhotraveltoItalyandwanttosavemoney?

A.TGVtrains.B.Inter-citestrains.

C.TERtrains.D.Sleepertrains.

（C）

SearchingVenus'sky

FromthemoontoMars,scientistshavebeenhuntingforalienlifeinthesolarsystemfordecades.

However,Venuswasnotregardedasanidealplacebecauseofitshottemperatureanddryatmosphere.

ButarecentdiscoveryoftracesofagasinthecloudsofVenushasexcitedastronomers,asitmayserveasapotential

signoflife.

OnSept14,theRoyalAstronomicalSocietyofCanadaannouncedthatscientistshavedetectedphosphine（磷化氢）in

thecloudsofVenus.Phosphineisacolorless,toxic（有毒的）gasthathasanodorofgarlic.Thoughtoxic,itisviewedasa

possiblesignoflifebecauseonEarththegasismadebymicroorganismsthatliveinoxygen-freeenvironments.

“Iwasverysurprised-stunned,infact,nastronomerJaneGreavesofCardiffUniversityinWalesandleadauthorofthe

research,toldMSN."ThereisachancethatwehavedetectedsomekindoflivingorganisminthecloudsofVenus.^^

Thislayerofcloudsisabout48kilometersabovetheVenussurface,withitstemperaturerangingfrom30to200degrees

Fahrenheit（about-1to93c）.ScientistshavespeculatedthatiflifeexistsonVenus,thisclouddeck（云盖）islikelytheonly

placewhereitwouldsurvive.

ScientistswentthrougheverypossibilitythatcouldhaveledtotheformationofphosphinegasinVenus5clouds

includingvolcanoes,lightningstrikes,smallmeteorites（陨石）fallingintotheatmosphere.Buttheyruledallofthemout.It

wasconcludedthatthereisnoexplanationfortheexistenceofthisgasinVenus9clouds,otherthanthepresenceoflife,USA

Todayreported.

Althoughthedetectionofphosphineisnotrobust（强有力的）evidenceforlife,thisfindingisgreatenoughtochange

scientists9viewonVenus,whichisthoughttobeacompletelyinhospitableplanet.

Whatsignsoflifewelookingfor?

1.Liquidwater:Itcandissolveahugerangeofmoleculesneededforlifeandfacilitatetheirchemicalreactions.

2.Mildtemperatures:Temperatureshigherthan122Cwilldestroymostcomplexorganicmoleculesandmakeitalmost

impossibleforcarbon-basedlifetoform.

43.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.AnewlydetectedgasmayindicatepossibleexistenceoflifeonVenus.

BScientistsfoundthemosthospitableplaceonVenus.

C.TheenvironmentonVenuechangedinfavoroflife.

D.PhosphineformedonVenusmeansalienlifeispresent.

44.Whatcanwelearnaboutphosphinefromthetext?

A.Ithasnosmellatall.B.ItonlyexistsonVenus.

C.Itcanbeproducedbymicroorganisms.D.Itisasignoftheexistenceofoxygen.

45.Whatcanweinferfromparagraphs5and6?

A.VariouslivingorganismshavebeendetectedonVenus.

B.ThehigherthecloudisaboveVenus,thewarmeritis.

C.Theclouddeckisrichinphosphine.

D.IflifeexistsonVenus,itislikelyintheclouddeck.

46.WhatdidscientistsconcludeaboutthephosphinegasdetectedonVenus?

A.Itcouldbeformedasaresultofthefallingofmeteorites.

B.ItcouldbeasignthatthereislifeinVenus'clouds.

C.Itcouldbecausedbyvolcanoesandlightingstrikes.

D.ItprovesthatVenusisanotherhospitableplanet.

SectionC

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.

Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

Discoverhowtradeunionshaveshapedthewaypeoplework.

Ifyouaretravellingbytrainthissummeryoumayfindthisjourneyisaffectedbythenationalrailstrike.47

Thisyearlotsofworkersaretakingstrikeactionandaskingforbetterpay.Teachers,forexample,arethinkingaboutwhether

togoonstrikeintheautumn.Strikesareusuallyorganizedbytradeunions.Readontofindoutwhattradeunionsareand

howtheyhaveshapedthewaypeoplework.

Whatisatradeunion?

Itisanorganizationthatlooksaftertherightsofpeoplewhoworkinthesameindustry,doaspecificjoborworkatthe

samecompany.TheNationalUnionofRail,MaritimeandTransportWorkers(RMT)represents80,000transportworkers,

andtheNationalEducationUnionhasmorethan460,000memberswhoworkinteaching.Tradeunionsgivetheirmembers

astrong,groupvoiceandsupportwhendealingwiththecompaniestheyworkfbr.48.Therearetradeunionsfor

lotsofprofessionsincludingactors,doctors,farmers,journalists,nursesandteachers.

Howdidtradeunionsstartandgrow?

Workershavebeenorganizingthemselvesintounionsforhundredsofyears.DuringtheIndustrialRevolution(1760-

1840),whenlotsofpeopleleftthecountrysidetoworkinfactoriesinharshconditions,workersbeganpressingtheiremployers

forbetterpayandsafetyrules.In1871,theTradeUnionAct,whichmadeitlegaltoformtradeunions,waspassed.Since

then,tradeunionshavemadeabigdifferencetothewaypeoplework,helpingtosetaminimumwage,makingitillegalfor

childrentowork,andmakingsureworkerscanhaveholidays.

Howdotradeunionsachievetheiraims?

49Iftheycan'tagree,thenunionmemberscanvotetotakeaction,whichcouldincludegoingonstrike.A

groupofwomenwhomadecarseatcoversinDagenham,Esses,wentonstrikein1968becausetheywerebeingpaidless

thanmenfbrdoingasimilarjob.Itlastedfourweeksandthefactoryhadtostopmakingcarsbecauseno-oneelsecouldmake

theseats.Eventually,thewomengotmoremoney.

Doeseveryoneagreewithstrikeaction?

No.Strikescanseriouslydisruptdailylife.Arailstrikestopspeoplegettingtoschoolandworkandateacherstrikecould

closeschools.Thisyear'snationalrailstrikeisthebiggestintheUKfbr30years,andthenextstrikeday(27July)isduejust

beforetheCommonwealthGamesstartsinBirmingham,England.TheGovernmentsaysthiswillharmtheeventbutMick

LynchoftheRMTsaysthepublicsupportthestrike.50GretaThunberg'sSchoolStrikeforClimate,forexample,

whensheprotestedeveryFridayinsteadofgoingtoschool,grewintoaninternationalmovement.

A.Goingonstrikeshasbadlyaffectedthepeople'sdailylife.

B.Unionshelpmakesureworkersarepaidfairlyandworkinsafeconditions.

C.Thismeansmanytrainscouldbedelayedorcancelledasrailworkersgoonstrike.

D.IntheUK,unionstalktoemployerstoagreefairwagesandsafeworkingconditions.

E.Goingonstrikeispowerfulbecauseitaffectspeopleanditgetsnoticed.

F.ThetradeunioninUKgrowsbigandpowerfulbyorganizingmanyfamousstrikes.

IV.SummaryWriting

51.Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomore

than60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Haveyoueverfoundyourselfwaitingthestopofyourbustoarriveandhaveastrangeraskacommonplacequestion?

Perhapsyou'vestoodinlinewaitingforacoffeeandfeeltheneedtojustlookovertothepersonnexttoyouandaskabout

theweather.

Thisissmalltalk,anddespitethename,it'sactuallyabigpartofdailylife.

"Smalltalkmayseemtrivial（微不足道的）,butit'sanaturalwayforpeopletoconnect.Itmayseemlikeawasteoftime.

Butitservesavitalroleinoursocialinteractions.Bigrelationshipsarebuiltonsmalltalk."LindyPegler,whohasamaster's

degreeinpsychology,wroteonMedium.

Infact,wespendalotofourtimemakingsmalltalk.Often,wefindourselvesmakingsmalltalkwiththesamepeople

onaregularbasis.Comingupwithsmallconversationsisthefoundationoftheserelationships.

Thebenefitsofsuchconversationscanactuallycontributetoourhappinessandbenefitourlivesasawhole.Inastudy

citedbyTheNewYorkTimes,researchersfoundthathavingahealthyamountofacquaintances（相识的人）andmaintaining

theserelationshipscontributetoone'ssenseofbelongingtoacommunity.

Sohowdoesonestartmakingsmalltalk?Itcanbeassimpleascomplimentingone'sshirt,askingabouttheirdayor

commentingonthetraffic."Firstandforemost,smalltalkisanactofpoliteness,Peglernoted.t€Oursmalltalkatourfirst

meetingisourchancetoshowwhoweare,^^sheadded.

Whoknowswherethiscanlead?Nowadays,thesmallconnectionswemakecanleadtobigresults.Youmightfind

someonewhohasacommoninterest,ormaybeevensomeonewhoturnsouttobeaclosefriend.Thereisonethingforsure:

Makingsmalltalkcanbrightenourday-evenifit'sjustanicecommentorthoughtfulquestion.

Sothenexttimeyoufindyourselfwaitingforthebusorcheckingyourwatchwhileyouwaitinaline,takethe

opportunitytolookupandtalktosomeonearoundyou.Afterall,ittakesasmallconnectiontoleadtoalargerone.

ThePartII

LTranslation

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.

52.进入会场，请自行调节手机音量至合适状态。（when）（汉译英）

53.我们永远不要羡慕别人的幸福因为幸福要靠我们自己创造。（efforts）（汉译英）

54.地震发生后，志愿者们不怕危险第一时间赶到现场开展救援救生命的工作。（Hardly）（汉译英）

55.过去几十年，人们对国外潮流趋之若鹫，但如今，他们开始对茶道，古诗词这样的传统文化越来越感兴趣了。

（see）（汉译英）

ILGuidedWriting

56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.

如果给你与一个历史人物对话的机会，你会和谁对话？

Wecanonly“talk”tohistoricalfiguresthroughtextsinhistorybooks,culturalrelics,pomesandsongs.Butifyouhadthe

opportunitytobreakthroughthebarriersoftimeandspaceandhaveaconversationwithacertainhistoricalfigure,who

wouldyouaskandwhatwouldyousaytohim/herandwhydoyousayso?文章第——句已经为你写好。

WhichHistoricalFigureWouldYouWanttoSpeakto?

IfIhadanopportunitytohaveaface-to-facetalkwithahistoricalfigure,Iwouldliketoholdadeepconversation

with....

2022-2023学年上海市南模中学高三上学期期中考试英语试卷

I.Listeningcomprehension

略

ILGrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.For

theblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useoneword

thatbestfitseachblank.

HealthwarningasUKswelters

PeopleacrosstheUKhaveenjoyedthesunshinethisweek,buttheyhavealsoadvisedtobecarefulasaheatwavehits

muchofthecountry.

Aheatwaveisdefinedasaperiodofhotweather1temperaturesarehigherthanisexpectedforthetimeofyear.

Theyusuallyhappeninsummer.

However,climatechange(long-termchangestoweatherpatterns,mostly2(cause)byhumanactivitiessuchas

burningfossilfuels,farmingandcuttingdownforests)isincreasingthechanceofheatwaveshappeningandmakingthem

moreextreme.Thecurrenthotweatheriseven(much)3extremeinsomeEuropeancountries—temperaturesin

southernSpainhavereached46℃.

Heatwavescanbeadangertopeople'shealth,especiallyforvulnerablegroupssuchastheelderly,childrenandpeople

4certainhealthconditions.However,anyone5sufferfromtheeffectsofextremeheat,includingdehydration

(nothavingenoughwater)andheatstroke(aconditioncausedbythebodyoverheating).AgroupofleadingUKscientists

6(suggest)that,justasstormsaregivennames,weshouldnameheatwavesinordertoraiseawarenessofthehealth

risks.

TheMetOffice,theUK'snationalweatherservice,hasissuedanamberwarning.Thismeansthereisthepossibilityof

traveldelays,roadandrailclosures,powercutsandapotentialrisktopeople'shealth.Temperaturesareexpected7

(rise)to35℃,andtherehavebeenpredictionsthattherecordfortheUK'shottestdaycouldbebroken.Governmentofficials

havemettodiscuss8tointroduceaheatwaveemergency.

Tocopewithhotweather,theNHS(NationalHealthService)sayspeopleshouldtrytokeepoutoftheSunbetween11

amand3pm,9temperaturesareattheirhighestandthesunisstrongest.Makesureyouwearahat,applysunscreen

anddrinkplentyofwater.10(close)curtainsintheroomsinyourhomethatfacethesunwillhelptokeepindoor

spacescooler.Ifyouareswimmingoutdoorstocooldown,makesureyou'rewithatr