西安交通大学《大学英语二》在线作业答案及西南大学《工程测量》作业答案

一、单选题（共25道试题，共50分。）V1.—Hello,mayItalktotheheadmasternow?—______________.A.Sorry,heisbusyatthemomentB.No,youcan’tC.Sorry,youcan’tD.Idon’tknow正确答案：A满分：2分2.Weareinterestedintheweatherbecauseit______ussodirectly—whatwewear,whatwedo,andevenhowwefeel.A.benefitsB.affectsC.affectsD.effects正确答案：B满分：2分3.Thegovernmentofficialexplainedthatthere’snopoint_______abouttheculturalgapinthatcity.A.toworryB.withthemworryingC.inworryingD.worry正确答案：B满分：2分4.Thepoliceare________thetwomissingchildren.A.lookingoutB.lookingafterC.lookingforD.lookingon正确答案：C满分：2分5.Ifhe_______suchagoodchance,hewouldhaveplannedtolearnmore.A.wasgivingB.hadgivenC.hadbeengivenD.wastogive正确答案：C满分：2分6.—Whatabeautifuldressyou’rewearing!—__________________.A.No,thanksB.ThankyouC.Yes,itisD.Sorry,itisn’t正确答案：B满分：2分7.—WhatcanIdoforyou,madam?—__________________.A.IwantakiloofapplesB.YoucangoyourownwayC.ThanksD.Excuseme.I’mbusy正确答案：A满分：2分8.Idonotintendtofollowthat,becauseweshallhaveanopportunitytodosoonanother______.A.occasionB.situationC.conditionD.environment正确答案：C满分：2分9.Strict_____________measureshavebeentakenduringthePresident'svisit.A.secureB.securityC.safeD.save正确答案：B满分：2分10.—It’scoldinhere.DoyoumindifIclosethedoor?—__________________.A.WithpleasureB.Yes,pleaseC.OfcoursenotD.Thankyou正确答案：C满分：2分11.Thefurnitureinhisroomisquitedifferent_______inyours.A.fromthoseB.fromthatC.fromthatoneD.fromthoseones正确答案：B满分：2分12.—I'mafraidI'vegotaterribleflu.—____________________________A.NevermindB.KeepawayfrommeC.BettergoandseeadoctorD.Youneedbemorecareful正确答案：C满分：2分13.—I’mgoingtoAmericaforaholidaynextweek.—__________________.A.GoodbyeB.WishyousuccessC.ForsureD.That’sgreat正确答案：D满分：2分14.—Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee?—__________________.A.It’sverykindofyouB.No,Iwouldn’tC.Yes,pleaseD.Hereyouare正确答案：C满分：2分15.—Doyoumindtellingmewhereyou’refrom?—__________________.A.Certainly.I’mfromLondonB.Sure.IwasborninLondonC.Notreally,youcandoitD.Certainlynot.I’mfromLondon正确答案：A满分：2分16.Hestudiedhardinhisyouth,_________contributedtohisgreatsuccessinlaterlife.A.thatB.itC.whatD.which正确答案：A满分：2分17.Thesetwoareasaresimilar_______theybothhaveahighrainfallduringthisseason.A.thatB.besidesC.becauseD.except正确答案：C满分：2分18.She'stheonlychildinherfamily,buttheydidn'treally_______her.A.hurtB.damageC.spoilD.harm正确答案：C满分：2分19.Forasuccessfulbusiness,friendlyand_______staffareessential.A.sufficientB.effectiveC.efficientD.respective正确答案：C满分：2分20.—MayIseethemenu,please?I’vebeenwaitinganhouralready—__________________A.Thatisthemenu,sirB.Yes,pleasegoonC.Hereyouare,sirD.Ofcourse,sir正确答案：C满分：2分21.Asuitcasewithashirt,trousersandshoes_______stolenfromthecar.A.havebeenB.hasC.wasD.are正确答案：C满分：2分22.ThedifferencebetweenanAfricanelephantandanAsianoneisthattheformerhasA.largerB.thelargeC.morelargerD.thelargest正确答案：A满分：2分23.Idon’tknowwhysheavoids_______heropiniononthesubject.A.togiveB.tobegivenC.givingD.beinggiven正确答案：C满分：2分24.He’sdeterminedtofinishthejob__________longittakes.A.nomatterB.howeverC.whereverD.whatever正确答案：A满分：2分25.—DoyouthinkIcouldborrowyourdictionary?—__________________.A.Yes,youmayborrowB.Yes,goonC.Yes,helpyourselfD.Itdoesn’tmatter正确答案：C满分：2分二、阅读理解（共1道试题，共10分。）V1.Passage2Whatwillmanbelikeinthefuture—in5,000oreven50,000yearsfromnow?Wecanonlymakeguesses,ofcourse,butwecanbesurethathewillbedifferentfromwhatheistoday,formanisslowlychangingallthetime.Letustakeanobviousexample.Man,evenfivehundredyearsago,wasshorterthanheistoday.Now,onaverage,menareaboutthreeinchestaller.Fivehundredyearsisarelativelyshortperiodoftime,sowemayassumethatmanwillcontinuetogrowtaller.Againinthemodernworldweuseourbrainsagreatdeal.Evenso,westillmakeuseofonlyabout20%ofthebrain’scapacity(容量).Astimegoeson,however,weshallhavetouseourbrainsmoreandmore,andeventuallyweshallneedlargerones!Thisislikelytobringaboutaphysicalchangetoo:thehead,inparticulartheforehead,willgrowlarger.Nowadaysoureyesareinconstantuse.Infact,weusethemsomuchthatveryoftentheybecomeweakerandwehavetowearglasses.Butoveraverylongperiodoftimeitislikelythatman’seyeswillgrowstronger.Ontheotherhand,wetendtomakelessuseofourarmsandlegs.These,asaresult,arelikelytogrowweaker.Atthesametime,however,ourfingerswillgrowmoresensitivebecausetheyareusedagreatdealinmodernlife.Butwhatabouthair?Thiswillprobablydisappearfromthebodyaltogetherincourseoftimebecauseitdoesnotserveausefulpurposeanylonger.Inthefuture,then,bothsexesarelikelytobebald.Perhapsallthisgivestheimpressionthatfuturemanwillnotbeaveryattractivecreaturetolookat!Thismaywellbetrue.Allthesame,inspiteofallthesechanges,futuremanwillstillhavealotincommonwithus.Hewillstillbeahumanbeing,withthoughtsandemotionssimilartoourown.1).Thesizeofman’sforeheadwillprobablygrowbiggerbecause____A.hewillusehisbrainmoreandmoreastimegoesonB.hemakesuseonly20%ofthebrain’scapacityC.hisbrainhasgrownlargeroverthepastcenturiesD.theother80%ofhisbrainwillgrowinduetime正确答案：A满分：2分2).Whatservesastheevidencethatmanischanging?A.Manhasgotstrongereyesnowthanheeverhad.B.Manhasbeengrowingtalleroverthepast500years.C.Man’shairisgettingthinnerandthinner.D.Man’sarmsandlegshavebecomelighterandweaker.正确答案：B满分：2分3).Whatwillbetrueaboutahumanbeinginthefuture?A.Hewillbehairlessbecausehairisnolongeruseful.B.Hewillhavesmallereyesandwillwearbetterglasses.C.Hisfingerswillgrowweakerbecausehewon’thavetomakeuseofthem.D.Hewillthinkandfeelinadifferentway.正确答案：A满分：2分4).Itisimpliedthat_________A.humanbeingswillbecomemoreattractiveinthefutureB.bodyorganswillbecomepooreriftheyarenotusedoftenC.humanbeingshopeforachangeinthefuturelifeD.futurelifeisalwayspredictable正确答案：B满分：2分5).Thepassagemainlytellsusthat______A.man’slifewillbedifferentinthefutureB.manisgrowingtalleranduglierastimepassesC.futuremanwilllookquitedifferentfromusD.humanbeings’organswillfunctionweaker正确答案：C满分：2分三、阅读理解（共1道试题，共10分。）V1.Passage1ChildrenintheUnitedStatesareexposedtomanyinfluencesotherthanthatoftheirfamilies.Televisionisthemostsignificantoftheseinfluences,becausethehabitofwatchingtelevisionusuallybeginsbeforechildrenstartattendingschool.Parentsareconcernedaboutthelackofqualityintelevisionprogramsforchildren.Thedegreeofviolenceinmanyoftheseshowsalsoworriesthem.Studiesindicatethat,whenchildrenareexposedtoviolence,theymaybecomeaggressiveorinsecure.Parentsarealsoconcernedaboutthecommercials(商业广告)thattheirchildrenseeontelevision.Manyparentswouldliketoseefewercommercialsduringprogramsforchildren.Andsomeparentsfeelthattheseshowsshouldnothaveanycommercialsatallbecauseyoungmindsarenotmatureenoughtodealwiththeclaimsmadebyadvertisers.Educationaltelevisionhasnocommercialsandhasprogramsforchildrenthatmanyparentsapproveof.ThemostfamousoftheseisSesameStreet,whichtriestogivepreschoolchildrenaheadstartinlearningthealphabet(字母)andnumbers.Italsotriestoteachchildrenusefulthingsabouttheworldinwhichtheylive.EventhoughmostparentsandeducatorsgiveSesameStreetandshowslikeithighmarksforquality,somecriticsarguethatalltelevision,whethereducationalornot,isharmfultochildren.Thesecriticsfeelthatthehabitofwatchinghoursoftelevisioneverydayturnschildrenintoboredandpassive(被动的)consumersoftheirworldratherthanencouragingthemtobecomeactiveexplorersofit1).Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotbasedonthepassage?A.Parentsareworriedabouttheinfluencefromtelevisionontheirchildren.B.Televisionhasmuchinfluenceonchildren.C.Bothparentsandtheirchildrenlikewatchingeducationaltelevision.D.Somecriticsthinkthattelevisionisnogoodforchildren.正确答案：C满分：2分2).Inwhatwaysdochildrensufferfromtelevision?A.Theybecomethevictimsofsocialviolence.B.Theyspendhourswatchingtelevisioninsteadofdoingschoolwork.C.Theprogramsmakethechildrenloseinterestintheworld.D.Theprogramsmakethechildrenspendtoomuchoftheirparents’money.正确答案：A满分：2分3).Parentswouldnotliketheirchildrentoseecommercialsbecause______A.theythinkthattheirchildrenarenotoldenoughtohandleadvertisingB.commercialsteachchildrenalphabetandnumbersC.commercialshelptosellproductsD.theydon’tlikecommercials正确答案：A满分：2分4).Educationaltelevisioniswidelyappreciatedbecause_____A.itdoeshavethesamecommercialsasothersB.itoffersprogramsforbothchildrenandtheirparentsC.manyparentsliketheprogramsitoffersfortheirchildrenD.childrencanlearnsomeschoolsubjectsbeforetheygotoschool正确答案：D满分：2分5).Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?A.WatchingTooMuchTelevisionIsHarmfultoYoungMinds.B.TelevisionIsMoreHarmfulthanEducational.C.Television’sInfluenceonChildren.D.MoreEducationTelevision.正确答案：A满分：2分四、阅读理解（共1道试题，共10分。）V1.Passage3Doyoufindgettingupinthemorningsodifficultthatit’spainful?Thismightbecalledlaziness,butDr.Kleitmanhasanewexplanation.Hehasprovedthateveryonehasadailyenergycycle.Duringthehourswhenyoulaborthroughyourwork,youmaysaythatyou’re“hot”.That’strue.Thetimeofdaywhenyoufeelmostenergetic(精力充沛)iswhenyourcycleofbodytemperatureisatitspeak.Forsomepeoplethepeakcomesbeforenoon.Forothersitcomesintheafternoonorevening.Noonehasdiscoveredwhythisisso,butitleadstosuchfamiliarsayingsas:“Getup,John!You’relateforworkagain!”ThepossibleexplanationtothetroubleisthatJohnisathistemperature-and-energypeakintheevening.Muchfamilyquarrellingendswhenhusbandsandwivesrealizewhattheseenergycyclesmean,andwhichcycleeachmemberofthefamilyhas.Youcan’tchangeyourenergycycle,butyoucanlearntomakeyourlifefititbetter.Habitcanhelp,Dr.Kleitmanbelieves.Ifyourenergyislowinthemorningbutyouhaveanimportantjobtodoearlyintheday,risebeforeyourusualhour.Thiswon’tchangeyourcycle,butyou’llworkbetteratyourlowpoint.Getofftoaslowstartwhichsavesyourenergy.Whenyougetup,sitontheedgeofthebedaminutebeforeputtingyourfeetonthefloor.Avoidthetroublesomesearchforcleanclothesbylayingthemoutthenightbefore.Wheneverpossible,doroutineworkintheafternoonandsavetasksrequiringmoreenergyorconcentrationforyoursharperhours.1).AccordingtothenewfindingsofDr.Kleitman,ifapersonfindsgettingupearlyaproblem,mostprobably_____A.heisalazypersonB.herefusestofollowhisownenergycycleC.heisnotsurewhenhisenergyislowD.heisathisenergypeakintheafternoonorevening正确答案：D满分：2分2).Whichofthefollowingmayleadtofamilyquarrelsaccordingtothepassage?A.UnawarenessofenergycyclesB.Familiarsaying.C.Achangeinafamilymember’senergycycle.D.Attemptstocontroltheenergycycleofotherfamilymembers.正确答案：A满分：2分3).Ifonewantstoworkmoreefficientlyathislowpointinthemorning,heshould__A.changehisenergycycleB.overcomehislazinessC.getupearlierthanusualD.gotobedearlier正确答案：C满分：2分4).Youareadvisedtoactslowwhenyouriseinthemorningbecauseitwill_____A.helptokeepyourenergyfortheday’sworkB.helpyoutocontrolyourmoodearlyinthedayC.enableyoutoconcentrateonyourroutineworkD.keepyourenergycycleundercontrolallday正确答案：A满分：2分5).WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Gettingofftoworkwithaminimumefforthelpssaveone’senergy.B.Dr.Kleitmanexplainswhypeoplereachtheirpeakatdifferenthoursofday.C.Habithelpsoneadapttohisownenergycycle.D.Childrenhaveenergycycles,too.正确答案：B满分：2分五、完型填空（共1道试题，共20分。）V1.Youwillfindthatcollegeclassesareverydifferentfromhighschoolclasses.Youwillhavemoreworkandresponsibilitieswithoutbeingpushedasmuch.41,youwillhavemorefreedom—freedomtochoosewhattostudy,whentostudy,or42tostudy.Youwillneedtoexercisemaximumself-discipline(自律).Thisisthehardestkindofdisciplinebecauseitisself-imposed(自我约束的),andyouhaveonlyyourselfto43.Thedecisionsyoumake44yourstudyhabitswillbea45factorinyoursuccess,orlackofsuccessincollege.46,youwilldiscoverthatyourinstructors47theonesyouhavehadpreviously.Theywillexpectyouto48more48inyourstudyhabitsandtimemanagement.Rememberthatmuchofyourlearningtakesplaceoutsidetheclassroom.Yourinstructorwillgiveyouadditionalhelpoutsideofclassifthereisevidencethatyouareputtingmaximumeffortintothecourse.49yourabilitiesandskillmastery,youwillneedtomanageyourtimeeffectivelyinordertosucceedincollege.Aschedule50efficientuseoftimewillenableyoutoincludebothworkandplay.Whenyougetajob,youwillsoondiscoverthatyoudonotworkonlywhenyouwishandasyouwish.1).A.OntheotherhandB.OntheonehandC.NeverthelessD.Therefore正确答案：B满分：2分2).A.ifB.howC.whyD.wjo正确答案：B满分：2分3).A.turnofB.answertoC.respondtoD.actas正确答案：B满分：2分4).A.ofB.toC.withD.concerning正确答案：C满分：2分5).A.determiningB.demandingC.decidingD.depending正确答案：A满分：2分6).A.HoweverB.NeverthelessC.InadditionD.Exceptthat正确答案：A满分：2分7).A.differfromB.aresimilartoC.differinD.arealike正确答案：A满分：2分8).A.take…partB.throw…yourselfC.plunge…yourselfD.take…initiative正确答案：D满分：2分9).A.InspiteofB.ConcerningC.RegardlessofD.Ontheconditionof正确答案：B满分：2分10).A.relatedtoB.carriedonC.reliedonD.basedon正确答案：D满分：2分西南大学土木工程专业《工程测量》作业答案第一次作业1、测量上的平面直角坐标系和数学上的平面直角坐标系有什么区别？答：测量坐标系的X轴是南北方向，X轴朝北，Y轴是东西方向，Y轴朝东，另外测量坐标系中的四个象限按顺时针编排，这些正好与数学坐标系相反。

2、经纬仪碎部点测量的基本工作有哪些？答：经纬仪碎部点测量的基本工作有：（1）安装经纬仪并对中整平，测仪器高度，后视相邻导线点，确定导线方向，并将水平读盘读数归零。（2）瞄准待测目标，读取上、中、下丝读数，读取水平读盘和竖直读盘读数。（3）分别计算水平角、竖直角、水平距离、高差和碎部点高程。（4）按比例将碎部点展绘到图纸上。

3、测量水平角时，为什么要用盘左、盘右两个位置观测？答：为了消除仪器视准轴误差和横轴不水平误差，提高精度，防止粗差。

4、什么是比例尺精度？它在测绘工作中有何作用？答：相当于图上0.1㎜的实地水平距离称为比例尺精度，在测图时用来决定测区地面的测量详细程度，取舍地物，在规划设计用图时，用来选择合适的比例尺地形图。

5、测量工作中怎样检查视差，如何消除视差？答：测量工作中产生视差的原因是由于物镜调焦不完善，使目标实像不完全成像在十字丝平面上；在目镜端观测者眼睛略作上下少量移动，如发现目标也随之相对移动，即表示有视差存在；再仔细进行物镜调焦，直至成像稳定清晰。

6、说明测量高斯平面坐标系与数学笛卡尔坐标系的区别。

答：测绘中高斯平面坐标系以纵轴为X轴,表示南北方向,向北为正；横轴为Y轴,表示东西方向,向东为正；象限顺序顺时针方向排列.这是由于测量工作中以极坐标表示点位时其角度值是以北方向为按顺时针方向计算,而解析几何中则从横轴起按逆时针方向计算的缘故。

7、施工测量的目的是什么？它包括哪些工作内容？

答：施工测量，指的是在工程施工阶段进行的测量工作，是工程测量的重要内容。包括施工控制网的建立、建筑物的放样、竣工测量和施工期间的变形观测等。

施工测量(测设或放样)的目的是：将图纸上设计的建筑物的平面位置、形状和高程标定在施工现场的地面上，并在施工过程中指导施工，使工程严格按照设计的要求进行建设。​

8、测量竖直角时，如何消除竖盘指标差?答：测量竖直角时，采用盘左、盘右位置观测，取观测值的平均值作为竖直角，以消除竖盘指标差的误差影响。

9、测图前有哪些准备工作?答：测图前除做好仪器、工具和有关测量资料的准备外，还应进行控制点的加密工作（图根控制测量），以及图纸准备、坐标格网绘制和控制点的展绘等准备工作。用比例尺在图纸上量取相邻导线点之间的距离和已知的距离相比较，作为展绘导线点的检核，其最大误差在图纸上应不超过±0.3mm，否则导线点应重新展绘。

10、测图前有哪些准备工作?答：测图前除做好仪器、工具和有关测量资料的准备外，还应进行控制点的加密工作（图根控制测量），以及图纸准备、坐标格网绘制和控制点的展绘等准备工作。用比例尺在图纸上量取相邻导线点之间的距离和已知的距离相比较，作为展绘导线点的检核，其最大误差在图纸上应不超过±0.3mm，否则导线点应重新展绘。第二次作业13、经纬仪整平的目的是使视线水平。(错误)

1、地面点到任意水准面的铅垂距离，称为该点的相对高程。（正确）11、直接用于测图的地形点或施工放样的点称为碎部点。（正确）3、方位角的取值范围为0°~±180°。

(错误)15、与水准面平行的面称为水平面。（错误）19、地形图的比例尺有多种形式，常用的有数字比例尺和图示比例尺。（正确）7、系统误差影响观测值的准确度，偶然误差影响观测值的精密度。(正确)

12、确定直线与标准方向的角度关系，称为直线定向。（正确）2、天文坐标的基准面是参考椭球面。(错误)17、用钢尺精密测量距离时，要对最后一尺进行尺长、温度和倾斜三项改正。（错误）10、地面上某点真子午线方向和磁子午线方向之间的夹角称为坐标方位角。（错误）5、在水平角的观测中，方向观测法主要用于观测单角。（错误）16、用经纬仪测量地面两点间的距离时，必须测出水平角。（错误）8、具有控制全局作用的网点称为转点。（错误）14、闭合水准路线各段高差的代数和应相等。（错误）20、象限角的取值范围为0°～90°。

(正确)

18、高程测量时，测区位于半径为10km的范围内时，可以用水平面代替水准面(错误)

4、地面上任意两点之间的绝对高程差等于其相对高程差。（正确）9、测量工作中用水平面代替水准面后，对距离的影响很大。（错误）6、测量工作必须遵循"从局部到整体，先碎部后控制”的原则。（错误）

第三次作业1、用测回法观测水平角的观测值如下表，完成表中的各项计算。（10分）水平角观测记录测站竖盘位置目标水平度盘读数°′″半测回角值°′″一测回角值°′″备注O盘左A000024584830584827B584854盘右A1800054584824B23849182、用双盘观测竖直角的观测值如下表，完成表中的各项计算。（20分）竖直角观测记录测站目标测回竖盘位置竖盘读数°′″半测回角值°′″竖盘指标差″一测回角值°′″各测回平均角值°′″备注OA1盘左813812-82148